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Confronting climate uncertainty in water resources planning and project design : the decision tree framework
The Decision Tree Framework is a decision support tool that aims to help project managers and development practitioners to pragmatically assess potential climate risks. This document, developed by the Water Global Practice with the support of our Water Partnership Program (WPP), helps practitioners navigate the maze of existing climate assessment methods and models. The tool first screens for climate vulnerabilities, and a \"decision tree\" subsequently helps project teams assess and then develop plans to manage climate and other risks. It uses a step-by-step design--similar to a tree on which each \"branch\" builds off the previous one. [Foreword]
Book
Confronting climate uncertainty in water resources planning and project design
The Decision Tree Framework described in this book provides resource-limited project planners and program managers with a cost-effective and effort-efficient, scientifically defensible, repeatable, and clear method for demonstrating the robustness of a project to climate change. At the conclusion of this process, the project planner will be empowered to confidently communicate the method by which the vulnerabilities of the project have been assessed, and how the adjustments that were made (if any were necessary) improved the project's feasibility and profitability. The framework adopts a \"bottom-up\" approach to risk assessment that aims at a thorough understanding of a project's vulnerabilities to climate change in the context of other nonclimate uncertainties (for example, economic, environmental, demographic, or political). It helps to identify projects that perform well across a wide range of potential future climate conditions, as opposed to seeking solutions that are optimal in expected conditions but fragile to conditions deviating from the expected.
eBook
Bridging Boundaries
Bridging Boundaries: Making Scale Choices in Multi-Actor Policy Analysis on Water Management synthesizes different perspectives on scale choices (spatial boundary setting, temporal boundary setting and selection of level of aggregation) in policy analysis. Scale choices influence the content of a study (the problems on the agenda, the options found and the impacts addressed) and the process (actors involved, their dedication and criticalness). Scale choices are not politically neutral: they may have advantages or disadvantages for certain actors by putting their urgent problems and their preferred options on the agenda, while they may hide or stress positive or negative impacts of options. Yet, little is known about the specific effects of scale choices and how they are made in practice. In this research, the making of scale choices is studied in two cases in practice: the Long Term Vision Study of the Scheldt Estuary and the Water Shortage Study of the Netherlands. Scale choices appear to be an important framing instrument that can be used by the policy analyst. Therefore, framing guidelines and recommendations are provided that help policy analysts and other actors involved to make scale choices in multi-actor policy analysis processes on water management.
eBook
Bridging Boundaries
Scale choices influence the content of a study (the problems on the agenda, the options found and the impacts addressed) and the process (actors involved, their dedication and criticalness). This work synthesizes different perspectives on scale choices (spatial boundary setting and temporal boundary setting) in policy analysis.
Publication
Global Sustainable Water Management: A Systematic Qualitative Review
Water quality and quantity decline due to anthropogenic factors and climate change, affecting 2.3 billion people in water-scarce areas, of whom 733 million reside in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Therefore, this review paper examined sustainable global water management by focussing on four sustainable development goal (SDG #6) indicators, including water use efficiency in agriculture, integrated water management, transboundary water cooperation, and water user participation. The review covered articles from 2016 to 2023, using Scopus and Web of Science databases with specific selection criteria. A total of 216 sources were downloaded, and after data screening, 72 articles were analysed along with additional supplementary materials such as books, conference papers, and United Nations documents. The finding indicates emerging trends in sustainable water management for agriculture, including water-efficient technologies like alternate wetting and drying, drip irrigation, mulching, etc. However, careful implementation is required to address environmental concerns, prevent water pollution, minimise yield reductions, and ensure long-term sustainability. Moreover, integrated water resource management has faced challenges in practical implementation due to governance structures, economic circumstances, cooperation, and collaboration among stakeholders. While over 600 treaties aim to promote international water cooperation, only a few have been effective. In addition, out of 500 transboundary groundwater sources shared by countries, only six have dedicated treaties to govern their use. Thus, clearly defined rights, responsibilities, and sustainable management practises for each shared aquifer would foster the sustainability of these resources. Moreover, engaging communities through inclusive policies, dialogue, and empowerment is vital for sustainable water management. Investment in community education and capacity-building fosters transformative change and addresses global water management challenges, securing the future of precious water resources.
Journal Article
Characterization of groundwater potential zones in water-scarce hardrock regions using data driven model
The deficiency of freshwater has become a global issue in the recent era, especially in water-scarce hard rock region including India. Groundwater (GW) as a natural resource is decreasing at an alarming rate in West Bengal, India. Sustainable use and planning for better management of groundwater resources are essential; thus, spatial modelling of GW distribution requires proper assessment to conserve and manage the groundwater resource. Machine learning algorithms in RS-GIS environment plays a crucial role in exploration, assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resource in this regard. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) were used to develop groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) of water-stressed district Purulia with the help of 10 GW controlling factors including geology, geomorphology, lineament density, slope, soil texture, drainage density, GW level, rainfall, NDVI and NDWI. Multi-collinearity analysis was also used to eliminate collinearity issues among all controlling factors. In this study, the total area has been divided into five groups under the very low, low, moderate, high and very high groundwater potential zone categories. It has been calculated that most of the area has moderate groundwater potentiality, which is 29% of the total regions. About 8%, 19%, 25% and 18% of the study area fall under the very low, low, high and very high zones. Finally, all the adopted models were validated through ROC–AUC using GW depth data from CGGB and 484 validating point datasets in this area. The AUC values of adopted LR, SVM and RF models are 0.801, 0.849 and 0.878, respectively; implies that RF is a more reliable algorithm with better predictive ability than other models in the study area. This study's findings will help decision-makers take proper strategies and planning of groundwater resource management for this particular water-scare hard rock region.
Journal Article
Environmental flows in water resources policies, plans, and projects
This book advances the understanding and integration in operational terms of environmental flows (water allocation) into integrated water resources management (IWRM). Based on an in-depth analysis of 17 global water policy, plan, and project case studies, it addresses the highly contested complexities of environmentally responsible water resources development, broadens the global perspectives on \"equitable sharing\" and \"sustainable use\" of water resources, and expands the definitions of \"benefits sharing\" in high-risk water resources development. The book fills a major gap in knowledge on IWRM and forms an important contribution to the ongoing discourse on climate change adaptation in the water sector.
eBook
A fraction ranking-based multi-criteria decision-making method for water resource management under bipolar neutrosophic fuzzy environment
Kolkata city is the capital of West Bengal, India. Due to improper administration, this city has long been plagued by a drinking water shortage. The rapid urbanisation and population growth, the rising daily water demand, and the steadily falling availability of drinking water per capita are the main contributors to the city’s drinking water shortage. The sustained development of drinking water supplies in Kolkata city depends on effective water resource management. With decision-making approaches, we can easily handle the drinking water scarcity situation. Therefore, we have developed a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique for the sustainable development of the drinking water crisis in Kolkata city. First, we introduce a fraction ranking (Rλ+,Rλ-) method of single-valued triangular bipolar neutrosophic (SVTrBN) number based on grades (Vλ+,Vλ-) and illegibilities (Aλ+,Aλ-). Here, we have invented the λ-weighted positive and negative fraction index for SVTrBN-numbers. Using the fraction ranking method, we formulate a novel MCDM technique. This decision-making technique is applicable for accurate decisions, primarily when human choices depend on positive and negative effects. In addition, we give some fundamental definitions and important ethos of bipolar neutrosophic numbers. By the proposed MCDM technique, we have exercised a water resources management (WRM) problem in Kolkata under a bipolar neutrosophic environment. To check the applicability and feasibility of the proposed MCDM method, we illustrated numerically and graphically of proposed WRM problem under SVTrBN-environment.
Journal Article
On the sustainability of inland fisheries: Finding a future for the forgotten
At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such they are threatened in both developing and developed countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland fisheries have never been part of any high profile global fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries. This ignorance is particularly salient given that the current emphasis on the food-water-energy nexus often fails to include the important role that inland fish and fisheries play in food security and supporting livelihoods in low-income food deficit countries. Developing countries in Africa and Asia produce about 11 million tonnes of inland fish annually, 90 % of the global total. The role of inland fisheries goes beyond just kilocalories; fish provide important micronutrients and essentially fatty acids. In some regions, inland recreational fisheries are important, generating much wealth and supporting livelihoods. The following three key recommendations are necessary for action if inland fisheries are to become a part of the foodwater-energy discussion: invest in improved valuation and assessment methods, build better methods to effectively govern inland fisheries (requires capacity building and incentives), and develop approaches to managing waters across sectors and scales. Moreover, if inland fisheries are recognized as important to food security, livelihoods, and human well-being, they can be more easily incorporated in regional, national, and global policies and agreements on water issues. Through these approaches, inland fisheries can be better evaluated and be more fully recognized in broader water resource and aquatic ecosystem planning and decision-making frameworks, enhancing their value and sustainability for the future.
Journal Article
Spatial and decision-making approaches for identifying groundwater potential zones: a review
Effective assessment of any region's groundwater resources depends greatly on the levels of the sub-surface water. Since groundwater resources are being overused, the availability of groundwater is in a critical scenario. Quality of the groundwater is deteriorating in numerous regions as a result of the worrisome rate of groundwater table depletion. Depending on how frequently the aquifer under the earth surface is recharged by surface water supplies, groundwater can be kept underground for days, weeks, months, years, centuries, or even millennia. Currently, the utility is increased as compared to availability. The current water demand exceeds the surface water supply. As a result, for the effective management and usage of the priceless natural resources, groundwater potential zones’ systematic evaluation is now essential. The understanding about monitoring and a suitable sustainable development strategy for water resources is provided by groundwater potential zoning. The delineation of groundwater potential zoning is influenced by various factors, including rainfall, land-use cover, geological formations, geomorphology, drainage features, slope, etc. To ensure the sustainable groundwater management in the basin, it is essential to locate groundwater potential zones, so that series of recharge structures may be built there to manage aquifer recharge. Remote sensing and GIS are recent techniques that become very crucial tools in accessing, monitoring, and conserving groundwater resources because of their advantages of spatial, spectral, and temporal availability and interpolation of data covering big and inaccessible areas in short amount of time.
Journal Article