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Naomi Watts said her Met Gala dress was made from an old table cloth that was purchased for 20 euros.

The dominant paradigm of experiments in the social and behavioral sciences views an experiment as a test of a theory, where the theory is assumed to generalize beyond the experiment's specific conditions. According to this view, which Alan Newell once characterized as “playing twenty questions with nature,” theory is advanced one experiment at a time, and the integration of disparate findings is assumed to happen via the scientific publishing process. In this article, we argue that the process of integration is at best inefficient, and at worst it does not, in fact, occur. We further show that the challenge of integration cannot be adequately addressed by recently proposed reforms that focus on the reliability and replicability of individual findings, nor simply by conducting more or larger experiments. Rather, the problem arises from the imprecise nature of social and behavioral theories and, consequently, a lack of commensurability across experiments conducted under different conditions. Therefore, researchers must fundamentally rethink how they design experiments and how the experiments relate to theory. We specifically describe an alternative framework, integrative experiment design, which intrinsically promotes commensurability and continuous integration of knowledge. In this paradigm, researchers explicitly map the design space of possible experiments associated with a given research question, embracing many potentially relevant theories rather than focusing on just one. Researchers then iteratively generate theories and test them with experiments explicitly sampled from the design space, allowing results to be integrated across experiments. Given recent methodological and technological developments, we conclude that this approach is feasible and would generate more-reliable, more-cumulative empirical and theoretical knowledge than the current paradigm – and with far greater efficiency.

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk is an online labor market where requesters post jobs and workers choose which jobs to do for pay. The central purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to use this Web site for conducting behavioral research and to lower the barrier to entry for researchers who could benefit from this platform. We describe general techniques that apply to a variety of types of research and experiments across disciplines. We begin by discussing some of the advantages of doing experiments on Mechanical Turk, such as easy access to a large, stable, and diverse subject pool, the low cost of doing experiments, and faster iteration between developing theory and executing experiments. While other methods of conducting behavioral research may be comparable to or even better than Mechanical Turk on one or more of the axes outlined above, we will show that when taken as a whole Mechanical Turk can be a useful tool for many researchers. We will discuss how the behavior of workers compares with that of experts and laboratory subjects. Then we will illustrate the mechanics of putting a task on Mechanical Turk, including recruiting subjects, executing the task, and reviewing the work that was submitted. We also provide solutions to common problems that a researcher might face when executing their research on this platform, including techniques for conducting synchronous experiments, methods for ensuring high-quality work, how to keep data private, and how to maintain code security.

Nuclear resonance time domain interferometry (NR‐TDI) is used to study the slow dynamics of liquids (that do not require Mössbauer isotopes) at atomic and molecular length scales. Here the TDI method of using a stationary two‐line magnetized 57Fe foil as a source and a stationary single‐line stainless steel foil analyzer is employed. The new technique of adding an annular slit in front of a single silicon avalanche photodiode detector enables a wide range of momentum transfers (1 to 100 nm−1 by varying the distance between the annular slits and sample) with a high count rate of up to 160 Hz with a Δq resolution of ±1.7 nm−1 at q = 14 nm−1. The sensitivity of this method in determining relaxation times is quantified and discussed. The Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) model was used to extract relaxation times for glycerol. These relaxation times give insight into the dynamics of the electron density fluctuations of glycerol as a function of temperature and momentum transfers. Nuclear resonance time domain interferometry (NR‐TDI) is used to study the slow dynamics of liquids at atomic and molecular length scales. Here the TDI method of using a stationary two‐line magnetized 57Fe foil as a source and a stationary single‐line stainless steel foil analyzer is employed.

An international group of distinguished scholars pay homage to and build on the work of one of the most influential thinkers of our time, Michael Watts. Shows how Michael Watts’ research, writings, teaching and mentoring have relentlessly pushed boundaries, transforming his chosen field of geography and beyond Spans an array of topics including the political economy and ecology of African societies, governmentality and territoriality in various Southern contexts, food security, cultural materialist expositions of capitalism, modernity and development across the postcolonial world Builds on his legacy, exploring its theoretical, analytical, and empirical implications and proposing exciting new possibilities for further exploration in the tracks of Watts

Building on Paul Schrader's thesis in Transcendental Style in Film that immanence and transcendence clash, this article explores a departure from this binary in Jim Jarmusch's 2016 film, Paterson . Although Paterson follows the formula of transcendental cinema, it lacks Schrader's prerequisite “Decisive Moments” for transcendence. I contend that films can evoke transcendence without distinct release moments, as exemplified by Paterson . To support this, Paterson is contrasted with Yasujiro Ozu's 1953 masterpiece, Tokyo Story , identified by Schrader as quintessentially transcendental and a key influence on Jarmusch. Introducing the concept of “immanent transcendence” to describe Paterson 's unique position, I argue that transcendence and immanence can coexist. I challenge traditional notions of transcendental cinema, shedding light on cinematic experiences that bridge immanence and transcendence.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid Watts-MPI multidimensional poverty measure that combines the multidimensional Watts poverty index (MWPI), which can accommodate continuous poverty dimensions, with the multidimensional poverty index (MPI), which can accommodate binary poverty dimensions. Unlike the stand-alone MPI that entails total loss of dimension-specific information on both poverty intensity with respect to shortfall and inequality, the proposed hybrid Watts-MPI measure entails only partial loss of such information since poverty intensity and inequality estimates can still be obtained for the continuous poverty dimensions included in the hybrid measure. The hybrid Watts-MPI also specializes to the stand-alone MWPI and MPI when all the poverty dimensions are continuous and binary, respectively. Furthermore, formation of the hybrid Watts-MPI does not entail loss of normative properties by either the constituent MWPI or MPI. The seemingly unrelated regression approach to the estimation of the hybrid Watts-MPI is described and an empirical example demonstrating its efficacy is provided.

The WIMS/PANTHER Embedded Supercell Method (ESM) provides a significant improvement in prediction accuracy in radial power distributions for pressurised water reactors compared to the standard “two-step” approach, without the need for a significant increase in computational resource. A companion paper presents validation of the ESM as previously presented, using PANTHER pin-by-pin diffusion to correct interface errors arising from the standard two-step approach. However, in principle any reference method can be used to solve the embedded supercells and correct the basic solution – this is a significant advantage of the ESM. A paper presented at PHYSOR 2016 demonstrated that use of diffusion theory introduces significant error relative to transport theory only in the high energy range, due to the discontinuous fission source when modelling the interface between two types of pincell. This paper investigates further improvement of the PANTHER solution through use of simplified PN in the fast energy groups. This solution method can be implemented without the need for any significant change to the calculation route and further improves agreement with a transport reference for a small computational cost. The remaining error in the solution is examined by derivation of an effective diffusion coefficient from a heterogeneous transport reference. This suggests a simple characterisation of the discrepancy, which can be easily corrected. Results are presented in comparison to WIMS for supercells and the KAIST benchmark. For the KAIST small core benchmark assembly power errors relative to a WIMS fine group transport reference are shown to be less than 0.5 %. Results are also presented in comparison to Monte Carlo for the Watts Bar benchmark.