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"Wear"
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Tribological and corrosion properties of Al–12Si produced by selective laser melting
The effect of annealing on the tribological and corrosion properties of Al–12Si samples produced by selective laser melting (SLM) is evaluated via sliding and fretting wear tests and weight loss experiments and compared to the corresponding material processed by conventional casting. Sliding wear shows that the as-prepared SLM material has the least wear rate compared to the cast and heat-treated SLM samples with abrasive wear as the major wear mechanism along with oxidation. Similar trend has also been observed for the fretting wear experiments, where the as-prepared SLM sample displays the minimum wear loss. On the other hand, the acidic corrosion behavior of the as-prepared SLM material as well as of the cast samples is similar and the corrosion rate is accelerated by increasing the heat treatment temperature. This behavior is due to the microstructural changes induced by the heat treatment, where the continuous network of Si characterizing the as-prepared SLM sample transforms to isolated Si particles in the heat-treated SLM specimens. This shows that both the wear and corrosion behaviors are strongly associated with the change in microstructure of the SLM samples due to the heat-treatment process, where the size of the hard Si particles increases, and their density decreases with increasing annealing temperature.
Journal Article
CSR in private enterprises in developing countries : evidences from the ready-made garments industry in Bangladesh
This up-to-date review of developments in corporate social responsibility in South Asia uses the ready-to-wear garment industry in Bangladesh as an exemplar. It identifies key obstacles to better practice in CSR and proposes strategies to overcome them.
Book
Friction and Wear Behavior of NM500 Wear-Resistant Steel in Different Environmental Media
The study aims to investigate the influence of environmental media on the friction and wear behavior of low-alloy wear-resistant steels and to provide practical references for their application. This article conducted sliding wear tests on NM500 wear-resistant steel under different loads under air atmosphere, deionized water, and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution conditions. Someone quantitatively measured the friction coefficient and wear amount of each friction pair. The present study employed scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and a white light interference three-dimensional surface profiler to analyze the surface structure, cross-sectional morphology, element distribution, and wear mechanism of the wear scars under various experimental conditions. The results show that: In deionized water, NM500 has the best wear resistance, while the dry state is the worst. The lubricating and cooling effect of the liquid, as well as the corrosive effect of the NaCl solution, play an essential role in the wear behavior of NM500. Under dry friction conditions, the wear mechanism of NM500 is principally adhesive wear, fatigue wear, and oxidation wear. In the case of wear testing in deionized water, the researchers characterized the dominant wear mechanism as adhesive wear in conjunction with fatigue wear and abrasive wear. In contrast, when they carried out the wear testing in NaCl solution, the wear mechanism was primarily driven by corrosion wear and adhesive wear, with only a minor contribution from fatigue wear.
Journal Article
Enhancing Wear Resistance and Erosion Wear Performance of Laser Additive Manufactured 17-4PHss through Solution Aging Treatment
Wear and erosion wear represent primary failure mechanisms in flow passage components, and proactive preventive maintenance can effectively extend their service life. This study investigates the utilization of laser metal deposition technology for the additive manufacturing of 17-4PH stainless steel (17-4PHss) followed by solid solution aging treatment. Structural transformations before and after the solution aging treatment, along with the dry wear and erosion wear properties of 17-4PHss post-heat treatment, were examined. During the heat treatment process, the solid solution treatment fully transformed the microstructure to martensite, alleviating the stress generated by the additive process, and refined the microstructure to 0.64 μm. The subsequent aging treatment further refined the grains, ultimately reducing the grain size from 0.68 μm in the additive state to 0.62 μm. Compared to traditional casting, the grain size of 17-4PHss was reduced by 6.83%. Additionally, NbC was uniformly distributed in the sample, playing a secondary phase strengthening role, resulting in high microhardness (455.5 HV
0.2
). Simultaneously, the solid solution-aged (SSA) sample exhibited robust wear resistance, manifesting abrasive wear at low loads. With increasing load, a transition to abrasive wear and adhesive wear occurs, accompanied by oxidative wear and fatigue wear. At a 30 N load, the specific wear rate of the SSA sample decreased to 0.17 × 10
−5
mm
3
/Nm, attributed to the more stable microstructure of the SSA sample under high loads. In the erosion wear test, the cumulative mass loss of the sample after heat treatment was the lowest (10.71 mg/m
2
h), with the erosion wear mechanism attributed to plastic deformation and micro-cutting.
Journal Article
Wear behavior of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys: Effect of environments
Environment can impact the wear behavior of metals and alloys substantially. The tribological properties of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated in ambient air, deionized water, simulated acid rain, and simulated seawater conditions at frequencies of 2–5 Hz. The as-cast alloy was composed of simple face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic phases. The wear rate of the as-cast HEA in the ambient air condition was significantly higher than that in the liquid environment. The wear resistance in seawater was superior to that in ambient air, deionized water, and acid rain. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate in seawater were the lowest due to the formation of oxidation film, lubrication, and corrosion action in solution. The dominant wear mechanism in the ambient air condition and deionized water was abrasive wear, delamination wear, and oxidative wear. By contrast, the wear mechanism in acid rain and seawater was mainly corrosion wear, adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and oxidative wear.
Journal Article
Anti-friction and wear resistance analysis of cemented carbide coatings
Machining cemented carbide coating on workpiece surface can effectively improve wear resistance of friction pair and reduce frictional coefficient and frictional wear. Through the research and development status of cemented carbide coating, the design of cemented carbide coating, processing method, wear mechanism, and bonding technology between cemented carbide coating and micro-/nano-texture are comprehensively described. Hardness, toughness, thickness, grain size, microstructure composition, etc. are important parameters affecting the wear resistance of cemented carbide coatings. The processing technology of cemented carbide coating has its advantages according to the working conditions of the workpiece. Among them, laser melting and plasma melting have good prospects for development. According to the working conditions of the workpiece, the wear mechanism of the hard alloy coating is different. The wear forms mainly include abrasive wear, adhesive wear, contact fatigue wear, and oxidation corrosion wear. The combination of cemented carbide coating and micro-/nano-texture technology can further improve the wear resistance of cemented carbide coating, which has good development prospects. Finally, the research prospect of wear resistance of cemented carbide coatings is put forward.
Journal Article
Study on the Wear Behavior Mechanism of SUS304 Stainless Steel During the Homogenization Process of LFP/NCM Slurry
During the homogenization process of lithium battery slurry, the slurry shearing process causes the surface of the homogenization equipment to wear and generate metal containing debris, which poses a risk of inducing battery self-discharge and even explosion. Therefore, inhibiting wear of homogenizing equipment is imperative, and systematic investigation into the wear behavior and underlying mechanisms of SUS304 stainless steel during homogenization is urgently required. In this study, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode slurries were used as research objects. Changes in surface parameters, microstructure, and elemental composition of the wear region on SUS304 stainless steel under different working conditions were characterized. The results indicate that in the SUS304-lithium-ion battery slurry system, the potential wear mechanism of SUS304 gradually evolves with changes in load and rotational speed, following the order: adhesive wear (low speed, low load) → abrasive wear (medium speed, high load) → fatigue wear (high speed). Under high-load and high-rotational-speed conditions, oxidative corrosion wear on the ball–disc contact surface is particularly pronounced. Additionally, wear of SUS304 is more severe in the LFP slurry system compared to the NCM system. Macroscopic experiments also revealed that the speed effect is a core factor influencing the wear of SUS304, and the increase in its wear rate is more than twice that caused by the load effect. This study helps to clarify the wear behavior and wear mechanism evolution of homogenization equipment during the lithium battery homogenization process, providing data support and optimization direction for subsequent material screening and surface strengthening treatment of homogenization equipment components.
Journal Article
On the Wear Mechanism and Subsurface Deformation of Zr-Based Metallic Glass at Subzero Temperature
Metallic glasses (MGs) with excellent mechanical properties have significant applications in frontier technological fields such as medical, energy and aerospace industries. Recently, MGs have been considered as ideal candidates for subzero engineering applications due to their disordered atomic structure array. However, the mechanical properties and wear behaviors of MGs at subzero temperatures have rarely been explored. In this work, the wear properties and wear mechanisms of Zr-based MG were systematically evaluated at a subzero temperature of −50 °C. Compared to the wear results at room temperature, MG in a subzero environment shows a ~60% reduction in wear rate. The main contributing factor is that MG at room temperature will easily forms a thin, brittle oxide layer at the sliding interface, which will lead to oxidation, adhesive and abrasive wear on its surface, whereas these wear behaviors do not occur in subzero conditions where only abrasive wear occurs. Meanwhile, MG at subzero temperatures has a higher elastic modulus. These properties make MG more wear-resistant in subzero environments. The current study will provide new perspectives on the wear mechanisms and subsurface deformation of MG in subzero environments and valuable insights into the use of MG in subzero engineering applications, such as deep space and polar exploration.
Journal Article