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Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications (2nd Edition)
Now in a newly updated and revised edition, this timely resource provides you with complete and current details on the theory, design, and applications of wireless antennas for on-body electronic systems. The Second Edition offers readers brand new material on advances in physical phantom design and production, recent developments in simulation methods and numerical phantoms, descriptions of methods for simulation of moving bodies, and the use of the body as a transmission channel. You also find a completely revised chapter on channel characterization and antenna design at microwave frequencies. This cutting-edge volume brings you the state-of-the-art in existing applications like Bluetooth headsets together with detailed treatment of techniques, tools, and challenges in developing on-body antennas for an array of medical, emergency response, law enforcement, personal entertainment, and military applications on the horizon.
eBook
Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communication
Get ready for the tidal wave of \"body centric\" electronic systems that will take mobile communications and computing to new heights! This first-of-its-kind book will help engineers pave the way with its definitive treatment of on-body antenna theory, design and applications. It covers both the state-of-the-art in existing systems together with new advances leading to medical, personal entertainment, law enforcement, and military applications now in development. This cutting-edge resource briefs engineers on key propagation issues and then dives into the nuts-and-bolts of antenna design that delivers the goods. It covers on-body communication channels at microwave frequency and low frequency bands, as well as ultra wideband systems for WPANs (wireless personal area networks) and WBANs
eBook
Antennas and propagation for body-centric wireless communications
The possibilities, technology and problems of BWCS are addressed in this book, with special descriptions of the electromagnetic properties of the body, as well as the on-body communication channels at microwave frequency bands and at low frequency bands included.
eBook
Smart Wearable Systems for Health Monitoring
Smart wearable systems for health monitoring are highly desired in personal wisdom medicine and telemedicine. These systems make the detecting, monitoring, and recording of biosignals portable, long-term, and comfortable. The development and optimization of wearable health-monitoring systems have focused on advanced materials and system integration, and the number of high-performance wearable systems has been gradually increasing in recent years. However, there are still many challenges in these fields, such as balancing the trade-off between flexibility/stretchability, sensing performance, and the robustness of systems. For this reason, more evolution is required to promote the development of wearable health-monitoring systems. In this regard, this review summarizes some representative achievements and recent progress of wearable systems for health monitoring. Meanwhile, a strategy overview is presented about selecting materials, integrating systems, and monitoring biosignals. The next generation of wearable systems for accurate, portable, continuous, and long-term health monitoring will offer more opportunities for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Journal Article
Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: where we are and how to move forward
Technological innovations reach deeply into our daily lives and an emerging trend supports the use of commercial smart wearable devices to manage health. In the era of remote, decentralized and increasingly personalized patient care, catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the cardiovascular community must familiarize itself with the wearable technologies on the market and their wide range of clinical applications. In this Review, we highlight the basic engineering principles of common wearable sensors and where they can be error-prone. We also examine the role of these devices in the remote screening and diagnosis of common cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, and in the management of patients with established cardiovascular conditions, for example, heart failure. To date, challenges such as device accuracy, clinical validity, a lack of standardized regulatory policies and concerns for patient privacy are still hindering the widespread adoption of smart wearable technologies in clinical practice. We present several recommendations to navigate these challenges and propose a simple and practical ‘ABCD’ guide for clinicians, personalized to their specific practice needs, to accelerate the integration of these devices into the clinical workflow for optimal patient care.In this Review, Elshazly and colleagues summarize the basic engineering principles of common wearable sensors and discuss their broad applications in cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis and management.
Journal Article
Transducer Technologies for Biosensors and Their Wearable Applications
The development of new biosensor technologies and their active use as wearable devices have offered mobility and flexibility to conventional western medicine and personal fitness tracking. In the development of biosensors, transducers stand out as the main elements converting the signals sourced from a biological event into a detectable output. Combined with the suitable bio-receptors and the miniaturization of readout electronics, the functionality and design of the transducers play a key role in the construction of wearable devices for personal health control. Ever-growing research and industrial interest in new transducer technologies for point-of-care (POC) and wearable bio-detection have gained tremendous acceleration by the pandemic-induced digital health transformation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of transducers for biosensors and their wearable applications that empower users for the active tracking of biomarkers and personal health parameters.
Journal Article
Large-area display textiles integrated with functional systems
Displays are basic building blocks of modern electronics
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,
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. Integrating displays into textiles offers exciting opportunities for smart electronic textiles—the ultimate goal of wearable technology, poised to change the way in which we interact with electronic devices
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–
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. Display textiles serve to bridge human–machine interactions
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–
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, offering, for instance, a real-time communication tool for individuals with voice or speech difficulties. Electronic textiles capable of communicating
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, sensing
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,
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and supplying electricity
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,
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have been reported previously. However, textiles with functional, large-area displays have not yet been achieved, because it is challenging to obtain small illuminating units that are both durable and easy to assemble over a wide area. Here we report a 6-metre-long, 25-centimetre-wide display textile containing 5 × 10
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electroluminescent units spaced approximately 800 micrometres apart. Weaving conductive weft and luminescent warp fibres forms micrometre-scale electroluminescent units at the weft–warp contact points. The brightness between electroluminescent units deviates by less than 8 per cent and remains stable even when the textile is bent, stretched or pressed. Our display textile is flexible and breathable and withstands repeated machine-washing, making it suitable for practical applications. We show that an integrated textile system consisting of display, keyboard and power supply can serve as a communication tool, demonstrating the system’s potential within the ‘internet of things’ in various areas, including healthcare. Our approach unifies the fabrication and function of electronic devices with textiles, and we expect that woven-fibre materials will shape the next generation of electronics.
A large electronic display textile that is flexible, breathable and withstands repeated machine-washing is integrated with a keyboard and power supply to create a wearable, durable communication tool.
Journal Article
Flexible Receiver Antenna Prepared Based on Conformal Printing and Its Wearable System
Microwave energy is ideal for wearable devices due to its stable wireless power transfer capabilities. However, rigid receiving antennas in conventional RF energy harvesters compromise wearability. This study presents a wearable system using a flexible dual-band antenna (915 MHz/2.45 GHz) fabricated via conformal 3D printing on arm-mimicking curvatures, minimizing bending-induced performance loss. A hybrid microstrip–lumped element rectifier circuit enhances energy conversion efficiency. Tested with commercial 915 MHz transmitters and Wi-Fi routers, the system consistently delivers 3.27–3.31 V within an operational range, enabling continuous power supply for real-time physiological monitoring (e.g., pulse detection) and data transmission. This work demonstrates a practical solution for sustainable energy harvesting in flexible wearables.
Journal Article
Wearable Devices for Remote Monitoring of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability—What We Know and What Is Coming
Heart rate at rest and exercise may predict cardiovascular risk. Heart rate variability is a measure of variation in time between each heartbeat, representing the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system and may predict adverse cardiovascular events. With advances in technology and increasing commercial interest, the scope of remote monitoring health systems has expanded. In this review, we discuss the concepts behind cardiac signal generation and recording, wearable devices, pros and cons focusing on accuracy, ease of application of commercial and medical grade diagnostic devices, which showed promising results in terms of reliability and value. Incorporation of artificial intelligence and cloud based remote monitoring have been evolving to facilitate timely data processing, improve patient convenience and ensure data security.
Journal Article