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"Web studies"
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History in the age of abundance? : how the web is transforming historical research
\"Believe it or not, the 1990s are history. As historians turn to study this period and beyond, they will encounter a historical record that is radically different from what has ever existed before. Old websites, social media, blogs, photographs, and videos are all part of the massive quantities of digital information that technologists, librarians, archivists, and organizations like the Internet Archive have been collecting for the past three decades. In History in the Age of Abundance? Ian Milligan argues that web-based historical sources and their archives present extraordinary opportunities as well as daunting technical and ethical challenges for historians. Through case studies, he outlines the approaches, methods, tools, and search functions that can help a historian turn web documents into historical sources. He also considers the implications of the size and scale of digital sources, which amount to more information than historians have ever had at their fingertips, and many of which are by and about people who have traditionally been absent from the historical record. Scrutinizing the concept of the web and the mechanics of its archives, Milligan explains how these new media challenge, reshape, and enrich both the historical profession and the historical record. A wake-up call for historians of the twenty-first century, History in the Age of Abundance? is an essential introduction to the way web archives work, what possibilities they open up, what risks they entail, and what the shift to digital information means for historians, their professional training and organization, and society as a whole.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Using biotracer techniques to uncover consumer diets: A comparison of stable isotopes, fatty acids, and amino acids
Biotracers are commonly used in food‐web studies to estimate consumer diets. Increasingly, multiple biotracer types are combined to provide more nuanced pictures of consumer resource use, unravel more complex diet mixtures, and improve the discriminatory power of mixing models. However, few studies compare different biotracer types, including the impact of tracer selection choices, and few methods exist for combining multiple types into a single analysis. We processed three biotracer types (stable isotopes, fatty acids, and amino acids) from the same samples to determine how common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus) and flathead gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps) utilize different basal resources (algae, macrophytes, and detritus) using Bayesian mixing models. We then combined subsets of different biotracer types by either combining them directly into one model using generalist priors (all possible two and three biotracer type combinations) or informative priors based on other biotracer types. We compared our mixing model results with independent food webs constructed from gut contents to assess accuracy. We found fatty acids gave the most accurate diet estimates, amino acid models were the least accurate, and stable isotope models did not converge. Model precision tended to increase with the number of individual tracers included (with exceptions). Adding biotracer types that produced similar diet estimates in their respective models tightened the posterior probability distributions of combined models, while adding ones that disagreed expanded those distributions, as expected. However, tracer selection and the combination of tracer sets must be carefully considered, as they can dramatically affect model accuracy. We also demonstrate the utility of a complementary method that combines information from multiple biotracers using informative priors based on other biotracer types. Overall, our work shows that choices made when constructing mixing models can greatly influence resultant diet estimates, and we provide heuristics for making those choices, so they are most appropriate for an individual study's objectives and available data.
Journal Article
Toward a Theory of Internet Memoir: A Content Analysis of Grief-Related Storytelling in Social Media
This dissertation is a content analysis of life story sharing on the internet, prompted by a person’s death, to demonstrate how social network sites are eliciting the development of a newform of memoir. It explores how the public publishing of grief expression has changed through the growth and development of social media. This study raises questions about what is considered memoir in the context and form of content surfacing on the internet in relation to the death of a loved one, when compared with the context and form of a traditionally published book.At the heart of this study is the question, “How are digital expressions that are related to loss different from and similar to the published memoir, both in the past and present?” The selected published memoirs are The Year of Magical Thinking (2005), Your Father’s Voice: Letters for Emmy About Life With Jeremy—And Without Him After 9/11 (2004), and Losing Mumand Pup (2009). The selected published online content examples are Randy Pausch (2008),Marina Keegan (2012), and the story of Kristina Chesterman (2014), as presented through a selection of social network sites. Using a Grounded Theory Constant Comparative approach, the author of this study proposes a revised definition of grief memoir and a formal definition of online grief memoir. It examines the selected published memoirs and the online content examples to produce a study that documents the growth of the online medium with regard to the way we share a life story through social media after someone has died.
Dissertation
Making is connecting : the social power of creativity, from craft and knitting to digital everything
\"SECOND UPDATED EDITION, WITH THREE ALL-NEW CHAPTERS The first edition ofMaking is Connectingstruck a chord with crafters, YouTubers, makers, music producers, artists and coders alike. David Gauntlett argues that through making things, people engage with the world and create connections with each other. Online and offline, we see that people want to make their mark, and to make connections. This shift from a sit-back-and-be-told culture to a making-and-doing culture means that a vast array of people are exchanging their own ideas, videos, and other creative material online, as well as engaging in real-world crafts, music projects, and hands-on experiences. Drawing on evidence from psychology, politics, philosophy, and economics, Gauntlett shows that this everyday creative engagement is necessary and essential for the happiness and survival of modern societies. This fully revised second edition includes many new sections as well as three brand new chapters on creative processes, do-it-yourself strategies, and platforms for creativity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Crafting and Labor: An Investigation of the E-Commerce Giant, Etsy
Crafting and selling handmade goods sit in contrast to contemporary manufacturing at scale. In the past, crafting was also thought to be an alternative to capitalist means of production. Etsy makes a public commitment to support small scale handmade sellers but does their marketing and branding match their current practices? In this project, a series of speculative design interventions explore the ways in which Etsy could do more to support small scale handmade sellers.
Dissertation
Net work : ethics and values in web design
\"Net Work provides a detailed study of the work of web designers. It draws on empirical research carried out from the birth of web design as an area of work in the 1990s to its professionalization in the twenty-first century and addresses the politics of building an inclusive WWW for people of diverse abilities\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impact of Enterprise Social Media Platforms on Integrating Inter-Functional Coordination: A Moderated-Mediation Effect of Optimising Staff Capabilities: Empirical Study on ICT SMEs at Gulf Cooperation Council Area
Academics acknowledged the positive correlation between Market Orientation (MO) Theory and business profitability at Small and Medium Enterprises. Marketing scholars emphasized on the magnitude of Integrating Inter-Functional Coordination in order to improve staff performance, as well as, to create superior customer value. However, the research identified a spotting gap in marketing literature that neglect the topic of Integrating Inter-Functional Coordination (IIFC) with the Market Orientation (MO) theory. Scholars defined the Integration of Inter-Functional Coordination as optimisation of dynamic capabilities such as staff engagement and knowledge sharing to improve performance of interdepartmental functions. In addition, academics posit that Information Technology such as Enterprise Social Media platforms crucially assist to improve staff capabilities through increasing engagement and knowledge sharing among staff. Consequently, the research developed a conceptual framework that aims to evaluate the impact of using Enterprise Social Media platforms to Integrate Inter-Functional Coordination through the inclusion of the indirect interactive moderated-mediation effect of staff capabilities. Online survey questionnaire designed and submitted to Information Technology SMEs at Gulf Cooperation Council area and which consists six countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain). Data gathered and screened from total of 684 respondents at ICT SMEs in GCC area. The research adopted Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS for data analysis in order to analyse complex interactions relationship between latent and observed variables at the framework. Four hypotheses are tested and results indicated a full significant indirect interactive moderated-mediation effect of optimizing staff capabilities through the impact of using enterprise social media platforms to integrate inter-Functional coordination. The research contributes to the knowledge of marketing literature through the information technology context with the inclusion of strategic management approach. Interestingly, a recent research identified that one of the main challenges facing the performance of the SMEs is due to the lack of optimisation of staff capabilities. This research presented a theoretical framework and finding that provides an optimization of staff capacities. Therefore, this research may present a second potential contribution to literatures of strategic management through the findings that lead to optimise staff capabilities.
Dissertation
Irresistible : the rise of addictive technology and the business of keeping us hooked
\"An ... investigation into behavioral addiction, the dark flipside of today's unavoidable digital technologies, and how we can turn the tide to regain control\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
User Profiling with Geo-Located Social Media and Demographic Data
User profiling is the task of inferring attributes, such as gender or age, of social media users based on the content they produce or their behaviours on-line. Approaches for user profiling typically use machine learning techniques to train user profiling systems capable of inferring the attributes of unseen users, having been provided with a training set of users labelled with their attributes. Classic approaches to user attribute labelling for such a training set may be manual or automated, examples include: direct solicitation through surveys, manual assignment based on outward characteristics, and extraction of attribute key-phrases from user description fields. Social media platforms, such as Twitter, often provide users with the ability to attach their geographic location to their posts, known as geo-location. In addition, government organisations release demographic data aggregated at a variety of geographic scales. The combination of these two data sources is currently under-explored in the user profiling literature. To combine these sources, a method is proposed for geo-location-driven user attribute labelling in which a coordinate level prediction is made for a user's 'home location', which in turn is used to 'look up' corresponding demographic variables that are assigned to the user. Strong baseline components for user profiling systems are investigated and validated in experiments on existing user profiling datasets, and a corpus of geo-located Tweets is used to derive a complementary resource. An evaluation of current methods for assigning fine-grained home location to social media users is performed, and two improved methods are proposed based on clustering and majority voting across arbitrary geographic regions. The proposed geo-location-driven user attribute labelling approach is applied across three demographic variables within the UK: Output Area Classification (OAC), Local Authority Classification (LAC), and National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC). User profiling systems are trained and evaluated on each of the derived datasets, and NS-SEC is additionally validated against a dataset derived through a different method. Promising results are achieved for LAC and NS-SEC, however characteristics of the underlying geographic and demographic data can lead to poor quality datasets, as displayed for OAC.
Dissertation