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The Indian textile sourcebook : patterns and techniques
\"Indian textile designs express dazzling inventiveness and creativity, from the woven silks of royalty to the simple block-printed patterns. This authoritative sourcebook overflows with colour and patterns to inspire and inform. The introduction gives an overview of Indian textiles, including methods by which they were made and their intended uses. The book is divided into three chapters defined by pattern style: Florals, Figurative and Geometric. Each comprises an introduction to the style's history, and demonstrates the techniques of structure, surface and embellishment patterning. A wealth of cross-referencing by theme and process makes this a uniquely useful resource. Over 300 breathtaking and hugely varied designs are examined here in detail through close-up shots of the pattern and material alongside a thoughtful examination of the reverse of many fabrics, demonstrating different weaving techniques so that the reader can see precisely how the textile was made.\" -- V&A website.
Book
An overview on fabrication of three-dimensional woven textile preforms for composites
There are various manufacturing processes for the interlacement of yarns to produce three-dimensional (3D) fabric structures as preforms for textile composites. The manufacturing route is determined by the end-use of composites and therefore the composite industry does not solely rely on one method but a selection of methods for fabric formation. This paper attempts to make a comprehensive overview on fabrication methods that can be used for making 3D textile woven preforms for composites. There are many different views on what 3D woven fabrics are, but one common understanding is that 3D fabrics must have substantial dimension in the thickness direction formed by layers of fabrics or yarns. In this paper we classify 3D woven textiles into those that can be manufactured on the conventional weaving technology and those that require specially made weaving machines/devices. This paper attempts to provide useful information for both the textile and composite engineers in developing textile composites for advanced applications.
Journal Article
Design and Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Spatial Weaving Infracalcaneal Fixator System
Objective Traditional internal fixation of calcaneus fractures, involving lateral L‐shaped incisions and plate fixation, has disadvantages such as increased operative exposure, eccentric plate fixation, and complications. The aim of this study was to design a Spatial Weaving Intra‐calcaneal Fixator System (SWIFS) for the treatment of complex calcaneal fractures and to compare its biomechanical properties with those of traditional calcaneal plates. Methods The computed tomography (CT) data of the normal adult calcaneus was used for modeling, and the largest trapezoidal column structure was cut and separated from the model and related parameters were measured. The SWIFS was designed within the target trapezoid, according to the characteristics of the fracture of the calcaneus. The Sanders model classification type IV calcaneal fracture was established in finite element software, and fixation with calcaneal plate and the SWIFS examined. Overall structural strength distribution and displacement in the two groups were compared. Results The maximum 3D trapezoidal column in the calcaneus was constructed, and the dimensions were measured. The SWIFS and the corresponding guide device were successfully designed. In the one‐legged erect position state, the SWIFS group exhibited a peak von Mises equivalent stress of 96.00 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.31 mm, and a structural stiffness of 2258.06 N/mm. The conventional calcaneal plate showed a peak von Mises equivalent stress of 228.66 Mpa, a maximum displacement of 1.26 mm, and a structural stiffness of 555.56 N/mm. The SWIFS group exhibited a 75.40% decrease in displacement and a 306.45% increase in stiffness. Conclusion Compared with fixation by conventional calcaneal plate, the SWIFS provides better structural stability and effective stress distribution.
Journal Article
A weaving machine for three-dimensional Kagome reinforcements
Two-dimensional or three-dimensional (3D) textiles have been used as reinforcement in composite materials. Most techniques for weaving 3D textiles have been developed to obtain a compact preform so that the final product, the fiber-reinforced composite, has a high volume fraction of fibers with the least fraction of matrix for high strength. Contrarily, this article describes a novel technique for weaving a loose 3D preform called wire-woven bulk Kagome with polymer wires or threads. Firstly, the principle is explained by using a manual loom. A weaving machine is then designed with detailed mechanisms and its prototype is presented. Finally, the benefit, shortcomings, and future plans are discussed.
Journal Article
Selection of appropriate e-textile structure manufacturing process prior to sensor integration using AHP
A combined two-staged analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was proposed with respect to its compatibility in selection of e-textile architecture. Specifically, it was examined in its ability to support decision in determination of appropriate e-textile structures prior to sensor integration. The e-textile structure selection methodology for sensor integration was implemented by interviewing with the experts from the fields of textiles and electronics; hence, it was constructed as two-staged methodology including both experimental study and AHP. In this respect, different e-textile structures including transmission lines containing 15 different conductive yarn types with three different weave types were manufactured via weaving technology in the first stage as experimental part of the methodology, and then, in the second stage, the alternatives based on experimental study were evaluated using AHP. The comparisons were made using priority scales assigned by expert team and synthesized to get aggregated global ratings. In conclusion, appropriate e-textile structures based on weaving manufacturing technology for sensor integration were chosen using AHP technique by ranking alternatives.
Journal Article
Technology Development for Direct Weaving of Complex 3D Nodal Structures
Lightweight structures constitute an eminently important solution to the conservation of limited resources of energy in aeronautics and vehicle engineering. The increasing necessity to implement lightweight construction concepts for framework structures due to their vast application makes requirement-adapted node structures attractive for fiber-reinforced plastic composites (FRPC) components. Although the use of FRPC for framework structures is well-established by now, the node structures are still mostly made from aluminum or titanium, which results in additional costs and limits the achievable mass reduction. Hence solutions for FRPC node structures have to be developed. The aim of this work is the development and implementation of a productive, automated manufacturing technology based on the weaving process for complex node structures based on carbon fiber for automotive and aeronautics applications. The development of the woven concept for the realization of node structures is based on the fragmentation of the individual sub-elements. The sub-elements are virtually unwound into the layer and positioned one above the other. The warp threads are floated in the areas where the individual levels do not touch. The node structures are produced on the conventional weaving loom by flattening and weaving them as multi-surface woven fabrics in one piece. The tube profiles are produced seamlessly, and the connection points between the tubes are jointless. By pulling the warp yarns in one branch through the structure, the gap is closed and the 3D geometry is formed. The defined pulling of the warp yarns is the main component of this publication. This new technology allows for the weaving of complex, integrated node structures with multi-directional spatial branching without subsequent assembly requirements. These newly developed node structures show great potential for lightweight construction applications. They can be manufactured with good reproducibility and a high degree of automation. The results of this work indicate an enormous potential of the weaving technique for the cost effective manufacture of integrally designed, woven 3D semi-finished products for FRPC. Typical applications for node structures include stringers and floor frames in airplanes, machine components, car frame parts, such as A-, B-, or C-pillars.
Journal Article
A novel technique for direct measurements of contact resistance between interlaced conductive yarns in a plain weave
Contact resistance between interlaced conductive yarns will under certain circumstances constitute a problem for sensor applications and electrical routing in interactive textile structures. This type of resistance could alter the effective area of the sensor and introduce hot-spots in the routing.
This paper presents a technique for measuring contact resistances on fabric samples. The samples used are unit cells of plain weave, that is, two conductive (silver-coated) yarns in the warp direction and two in the weft direction. The numerical values for the contact resistance are of the order of Rc ≈ 0.3 Ω. A resistor network made of through-hole film resistors with known values is used for evaluation of the method. The results show that the technique provides values typically within ±1% error compared with the known resistor values. Thus, the method can be used in order to calculate the contact resistances of a woven conductive textile.
Journal Article
Study of the Contact Resistance of Interlaced Stainless Steel Yarns Embedded in Hybrid Woven Fabrics
The contact resistance of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns embedded in a hybrid woven fabric will constitute a problem for electro-conductive textiles under certain circumstances. A high contact resistance can induce hotspots, while a variable contact resistance may cause malfunctioning of the components that are interconnected by the electro-conductive yarns. Moreover, the contact robustness should be preserved over time and various treatments such as washing or abrading should not alter the functioning of the electro-conductive textiles. The electrical resistance developed in the contact point of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns is the result of various factors. The influence of diameter of the electro-conductive stainless steel yarns, the weave pattern, the weft density, and the abrasion on the contact resistance was investigated. Hybrid polyester fabrics were produced according to the design of experiments (DoE) and statistical models were found that describe the variation of the contact resistance with the selected input parameters. It was concluded that the diameter of the stainless steel warp and weft yarns has a statistically significant influence on the contact resistance regardless of the weave. Weft density had a significant influence on the contact resistance but only in case of the twill fabrics. Abrasion led to an increase in contact resistance regardless of the weave pattern and the type of stainless steel yarn that was used. Finally, a combination of parameters that leads to plain and twill fabrics with low contact resistance and robust contacts is recommended.
Journal Article
Supporting aspect orientation in business process management
Coping with complexity is an important issue in both research and industry. One strategy to deal with complexity is separation of concerns, which can be addressed using aspect-oriented paradigm. Despite being well researched in programming, this paradigm is still in a preliminary stage in the area of business process management (BPM). While some efforts have been made to introduce aspect orientation in business process modelling, there is no holistic approach with a formal underlying foundation to support aspect-oriented business process design and enactment, and this gap restricts aspect-oriented paradigm from being practically deployed in the area of BPM. Therefore, this paper proposes a sound systematic approach which builds on a formal syntax for modelling aspect-oriented business processes and a Petri Net-based operational semantics for enacting these processes. The approach enables the implementation of software system artefacts as a proof of concept to support design and enactment of aspect-oriented business processes in practice. The approach is demonstrated using a banking case study, where processes are modelled using a concrete notation that conforms to the proposed formal syntax and then executed in a state-of-the-art BPM system where the implemented artefacts are deployed.
Journal Article