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"Weissrussland"
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External Cesium-137 doses to humans from soil influenced by the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear power plants accidents: a comparative study
External exposure to gamma-photon irradiation from soil contamination due to nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents has significant contribution to human radiation exposure in the proximity of the NPP. Detailed absorbed doses in human organs are rarely reported in the literature. We applied the
M
onte
C
arlo
N
eutron
P
article (MCNP) transport code to calculate and compare the absorbed doses in different human organs. The absorbed doses by gamma-photon radiation were from cesium-137 (
137
Cs) in soil contaminated by the two major NPP accidents. More serious and wide-spread impacts of the Chernobyl NPP accident on soil contamination in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and countries as far as Sweden and Greece were due to the inland location, radiative plume transport pathway and high
137
Cs emission strength (9 times the Fukushima emission). Based on our MCNP calculations, the largest absorbed dose was found in skin. The maximum calculated external
137
Cs annual effective dose received from the Chernobyl accident was 10 times higher relative to the Fukushima accident. Our calculated effective doses at various influenced areas were comparable to those available in the literature. The calculated annual effective doses at areas near the Fukushima and Chernobyl NPPs exceeded the ICRP recommendation of 1 mSv yr
−1
.
Journal Article
Uncovering transport, deposition and impact of radionuclides released after the early spring 2020 wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
In the beginning of April 2020, large fires that started in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) established after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 caused media and public concerns about the health impact from the resuspended radioactivity. In this paper, the emissions of previously deposited radionuclides from these fires are assessed and their dispersion and impact on the population is examined relying on the most recent data on radioactive contamination and emission factors combined with satellite observations. About 341 GBq of 137Cs, 51 GBq of 90Sr, 2 GBq of 238Pu, 33 MBq of 239Pu, 66 MBq of 240Pu and 504 MBq of 241Am were released in 1st–22nd April 2020 or about 1,000,000,000 times lower than the original accident in 1986 and mostly distributed in Central and East Europe. The large size of biomass burning particles carrying radionuclides prevents long-range transport as confirmed by concentrations reported in Europe. The highest cumulative effective doses (> 15 μSv) were calculated for firefighters and the population living in the CEZ, while doses were much lower in Kiev (2–5 μSv) and negligible in Belarus, Russia and Europe. All doses are radiologically insignificant and no health impact o
Journal Article
Advanced Nuclear Security Program at The Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research - Sosny
The Republic of Belarus is a participant in global efforts for nuclear non-proliferation, ensuring the preservation of nuclear materials and countering nuclear terrorism. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 124 dated March 29, 2011, the Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research - Sosny of National Academy of Science of Belarus is the operator (operating organization) of a number of critical and subcritical nuclear facilities, radiation installations and fresh nuclear fuel storage, containing highly enriched uranium fuel. A nuclear security culture is an important necessary constituent of the nuclear and radiation security. The authors of this paper will report on the approach the Institute is taking in regard to advancing nuclear security program, what are the Institute's goals and objectives, and what steps are being taken to support effective the physical protection system at the Scientific Institution \"JIPNR - Sosny\" and another operating organization in the Republic of Belarus. The range of measures aimed at reducing the likelihood of internal violators activity, early detection of potential internal violators and preventing from causing harm are presented.
Journal Article
The 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference on Mathematical Modeling, Programming and Applied Mathematics (Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Russia)
At the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University (Russia, Veliky Novgorod, ul. Bolshaya Sankt-Peterburgskaya, 41) on November 5-6, 2020, the International Scientific and Practical Conference \"Mathematical Modeling, Programming and Applied Mathematics\" will be held for the second time. Major scientists from Moscow and St. Petersburg, Kazan and Voronezh and Tver, and other cities of Russian Federation and from Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, China, USA, Egypt, submitted their applications and articles. Despite the difficult situation associated with the spread of COVID-19, the interest in the conference is quite considerable. The scientists - participants of the conference - present their latest scientific achievements, exchange experience and discuss issues of mathematical modeling in applied mathematics, programming, physics. Also, the conference participants will analyze and evaluate innovative solutions in terms of their relevance, effectiveness and prospects for further development. The conference will include plenary sessions and 8 scientific sections. An auditorium equipped with the necessary computer equipment for online broadcasting is provided for each section. List of International Program Committee, Organizing Committee, Editorial Committee, Invited Speakers and Organizing Institution are available in this pdf.
Journal Article
Comprehensive surveillance data suggest a prominent role of parvovirus B19 infection in Belarus and the presence of a third subtype within subgenotype 1a
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is not notifiable in Belarus and its most common clinical presentation erythema infectiosum (EI) is often difficult to distinguish from other exanthematous diseases. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive data about EI epidemiology in Belarus based on the serological and molecular investigation of samples from measles and rubella discarded cases collected between 2005 and 2019. Overall, 4919 sera were investigated for IgM antibodies against B19V and the positive cases were analysed according to year, season and age. B19V DNA was amplified by PCR in a total of 238 sera from all over the country, and sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. B19V infection was confirmed in 1377 (27.8%) measles and rubella discarded cases. Two high incidence periods and a seasonal increase of EI between mid-February to mid-July were identified. Children from 4 to 6 and from 7 to 10 years of age represented the largest groups of patients (22.51% and 22.66% of all cases, respectively), followed by adults between 20 and 29 years of age (14.23%). Among the 238 B19Vs sequenced, one belonged to subgenotype 3b and 237 to subgenotype 1a with 81 (34.2%) clustering with subtypes 1a1 and 153 (64.6%) with 1a2. Three strains (1.2%) formed an additional, well-supported cluster suggesting the presence of another subtype of 1a, tentatively named 1a3. The epidemiological and molecular analyses highlighted not only the prominent role of B19V in exanthematous diseases in Belarus, but also suggested a previously underestimated diversity of subgenotype 1a sequences with a third subtype 1a3.
Journal Article
Causes of defects in timber arches of the buildings covering and methods of strengthening
The results of the survey of covering of large-span public buildings located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, which are in exploitation from 10 to 30 years. The bearing structures of the covering were timber glued arches with spans from 48 m to 60 m. the Main defects were both through and deep cracks that appeared in the timber of the arches during exploitation. To restore the performance of timber arches with defects in the form of cracks, methods of strengthening are proposed. The effectiveness of using glued steel rods for strengthening arches with cracks was tested experimentally. For this purpose, two prototypes of semi-arches made of glued timber for a span of 26.9 m were tested: one semi-arch of a solid cross-section bxh = 100 × 670 mm; the second semi-arch with a crack on the neutral axis, reinforced with glued steel rods. As a result of tests, the ultimate load of a semi-arch with a solid cross-section is 2.4 times greater than the calculated value; and a semi - arch with a crack through the entire length is 1.8 times greater.
Journal Article
Sustainable Mobility in the Context of Humanization of the Urban Environment: a regional experience
The purpose of the research is to identify modern approaches to the spatial development of Belarusian cities. The article focuses on the role of transit-oriented design in spatial development of cities. The principles of 'green urban construction' and their implementation in pilot projects for urban areas reconstruction in Polotsk-Novopolotsk agglomeration are considered. The introduction of developed territory transformation models into urban planning practice was suggested. The participation of Belarus in international initiatives and projects relating to urban and transport planning are assessed. Organizational and institutional prerequisites for using the European experience of mobility management have been established. The scientific novelty consists in the study of the concept of sustainable mobility as a tool for territorial development and humanization of the environment with a focus on the conditions in Belarus.
Journal Article
High genetic diversity and low differentiation retained in the European fragmented and declining Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga) population
Characterising genetic diversity and structure of populations is essential for effective conservation of threatened species. The Greater Spotted Eagle (
Clanga clanga
), a large and globally vulnerable raptor, is extinct or in severe decline in most of its previous range in Europe. We assessed whether the remnants of European population are genetically impoverished, and isolated from each other. We evaluated levels of genetic diversity and population structuring by sequencing mitochondrial pseudo-control region and 10 introns from various nuclear genes, and estimated length diversity in 23 microsatellite markers. The European population has expanded since the late Pleistocene, and does not exhibit signs of a recent population bottleneck. The global genetic diversity in Europe was rather similar to that detected in other similar species. Microsatellites suggested shallow but significant differentiation between the four extant populations in Estonia, Poland, Belarus and Russia (Upper Volga region) populations, but introns and mtDNA showed that only the Estonian population differed from the others. Mitochondrial diversity was highest in the northernmost Estonian population, introns suggested lower diversity in Upper Volga, microsatellites indicated equal diversity among populations. A recent bottleneck was detected in Poland, which is consistent with the observed repopulation of the region. We conclude that significant gene flow and high genetic diversity are retained in the fragmented Greater Spotted Eagle populations; there is currently no need for genetic augmentation in Europe.
Journal Article