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"Wetland animals."
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Wetland Birds
Wetland birds provide us with some of nature's most wonderful sights, from vast flocks wheeling overhead to newly-hatched chicks drying in the sun. Apart from their beauty, recreational and economic importance, they are excellent indicators of water quality and measures of biodiversity. But how do they use wetland habitats, and how can we best conserve and maintain them for the future? Here, Milton Weller describes the ecology of wetland birds by identifying patterns of habitat use and typical bird communities that result from the use of resources such as food, cover and breeding sites. He integrates basic and practical information on bird/habitat relationships for researchers, landowners, managers and keen birders alike. As wetlands continue to decline, this book will help us to understand the potential and limits of wetlands as bird habitats now and in the future.
eBook
Map and track wetlands
\"Swamps, bogs, marshes are all wetland biomes teaming with life. Located on every continent except Antarctica, wetlands are diverse and necessary for a healthy planet. Readers will enjoy learning about swamp creatures such as alligators and snakes, and the many kinds of fish and plants that thrive in wetlands\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Restored Wetland Size and Age Influence Small Mammal Communities in West Virginia, USA
Small mammals are important, albeit often overlooked, fauna in wetland restoration projects. However, it is essential to evaluate factors that influence small mammal community metrics in restored wetlands to maximize wetland restoration effectiveness. Previous studies found that vegetation differed as restored wetlands aged and that wetland age may play a role in the presence of amphibians and birds. Therefore, we assessed whether wetland age influenced small mammals. We also evaluated 17 environmental factors in restored wetlands that could influence small mammal communities in these wetlands. To assess and evaluate the effects of age and environmental factors on the small mammal community, we appraised 14 restored wetlands in West Virginia, USA, in the summers of 2020 and 2021 for small mammal community metrics, specifically relative abundance, diversity, richness, and evenness. We captured six species of small mammals: deer mice (
Peromyscus maniculatus
), white-footed mice (
Peromyscus leucopus
), meadow voles (
Microtus pennsylvanicus
), meadow jumping mice (
Zapus hudsonius
), northern short-tailed shrews (
Blarina brevicauda
), and eastern chipmunks (
Tamias striatus
). We found that the relative abundance of deer mice, white-footed mice, and meadow voles decreased with wetland age. However, both species diversity and evenness increased with wetland age. Wetland size influenced the relative abundance of white-footed mice, meadow jumping mice, and all small mammals combined. Although the relative abundance of white-footed mice and total small mammals decreased with wetland size, the relative abundance of meadow jumping mice increased with wetland size. Wetland managers should consider wetland age and size when designing wetlands to facilitate small mammal communities.
Journal Article
At home in the wetlands
\"What kind of home is made in the mud? It's the wetlands, one of Earth's major biomes. This ... life science text takes readers inside the planet's wetland habitats to explore the plants and animals that live there and the relationships between them\"-- Publisher's website.
Book
Wetland Selection by Female Ring-Necked Ducks (Aythya collaris) in the Southern Atlantic Flyway
On the wintering grounds, wetland selection by waterfowl is influenced by spatiotemporal resource distribution. The ring-necked duck (
Aythya collaris
) winters in the southeastern United States where a disproportionate amount of Atlantic Flyway ring-necked duck harvest occurs. We quantified female ring-necked duck selection for wetland characteristics during and after the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 waterfowl hunting seasons using discrete choice modeling under a Bayesian framework. Relative probability of selection was primarily influenced by characteristics at the local wetland scale. Relative probability of selection was higher for flooded agriculture and vegetated wetlands than open water and was positively influenced by wetland area during the winter. After the hunting season, the relative probability of selection decreased for flooded agriculture but increased for vegetated wetlands, and the effect of wetland area decreased in magnitude. We attribute changes in selection during and after the hunting season to dietary shifts related to migratory preparation, resource depletion, and reproductive pairing. Understanding the wetland characteristics that wintering waterfowl select, and the spatial scale at which selection occurs, is important for informing effective wetland management and waterfowl harvest practices.
Journal Article
Life in a wetland
\"Simple text and full-color photography introduce beginning readers to life in a wetland\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Duck Use of Saline Wetlands Created by Irrigation in a Semiarid Landscape
Throughout semiarid western North America, flood irrigation and associated small reservoirs have created or augmented many wetlands that otherwise would not exist or persist through summer. Diversion of mountain snowmelt from rivers has thereby created widely scattered hotspots of biodiversity. Increased urban water demands, higher profits from sprinkler irrigation, and climate-driven declines in mountain snowpack threaten these wetlands. Knowledge of unique functions of different wetland types and their spatial interactions would aid conservation of wetland complexes. We characterized use by ducks of wetlands with varying salinities, vegetation, nearby land use, and spatial relations in the Laramie Basin, Wyoming, USA. All duck species and social groups had higher densities in smaller wetlands. Pairs and broods of diving ducks and some dabbling ducks had highest densities in oligosaline wetlands (0.5–5 ‰ salinity) which have emergent plants for nesting cover. However, these ducks were commonly observed in mesosaline wetlands (5–18 ‰) which lack emergent cover but have higher availability of near-surface foods, suggesting differential use of wetland types for nesting and feeding. Accordingly, densities of some dabbling and diving ducks were higher when mesosaline wetlands were within 1 km. Hayfields or livestock grazing nearby seldom affected duck densities in wetlands, suggesting that with sparse upland cover in shortgrass steppe, many upland nesters sought cover in dry portions of the emergent fringe. For ducks in such intermountain basins, mesosaline wetlands with less stable water levels but high prey availability should be maintained in complexes near oligosaline wetlands with variably flooded emergent cover.
Journal Article
Wetland food chains
Introduces different types of wetlands, explores the food chains a nd webs that exist in a wetland habitat, and examines how animals and plants can be producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Book
Spatial Synchrony of Diving Waterbirds Populations in Continental Wetlands of the Iberian Region
Spatial population synchrony is a key aspect in ecology. Normally, three mechanisms have been identified to explain similar temporal variations in abundance between spatially separated populations: Moran effect, trophic interactions and dispersal. We analysed the spatial synchrony of the abundance of five diving waterfowl species (White-Headed Duck, Black-Necked Grebe, Red-Crested Pochard, Common Pochard and Common Coot) by conducting a monthly census from October 2013 to September 2019 in 34 lakes located in Central Spain. Twenty-eight independent variables related to the hydroperiod, anthropogenic impacts, landscape and structural variables were tested in relation to temporal patterns. Synchronised lakes groups were identified for all species, with differential associations with variables. The variables associated with spatial synchrony were: Distance between lakes (White-Headed Duck and Common Pochard); Natural vegetation area in lakes (Red-Crested Pochard) and Accumulated precipitation until the breeding season (Common Pochard and Common Coot). For Black-Necked Grebe, no variable was associated with the observed temporal patterns. These results provide the first evidence for the mechanisms behind the spatio-temporal synchronisation of diving waterbirds populations in the central Iberian region.
Journal Article