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First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. Uli Linke is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University and Professor at the Ludwig-Uhland-Institut of Cultural Anthropology at Tuebingen University. She is the author of Blood and Nation: The European Aesthetics of Race (1999).

This article takes a comparative and transnational approach to a key phenomenon of the late-20th century: the dovetailing of music-based youth subcultures with radical politics. First prominent in the \"Counterculture\" of the 1960s and 70s, the phenomenon has become increasingly salient with the rise of right- wing-extremist rock music and racist skinhead violence in Europe since the fall of Communism. Examining the evolution of the \"skinhead\" from a fusion of West Indian immigrant and white working class youth styles in 1960s England into a vehicle of right-wing extremism in the Germany of the 1980s and 1990s, the article combines history and theory in an exploration of how an originally-English subculture was transformed through its contact with German social, cultural and historical traditions.

When Dr. Rosie Gräfenberg traveled to French West Africa in 1929, she set the French security and intelligence service on high alert. Rumors preceding her arrival suggested she might be a Russian agent, a communist agitator, and a German spy, among other things. She, however, presented herself as a German journalist. This article contrasts Gräfenberg's autobiography and newspaper articles with French police archives to consider why the stories surrounding her life diverged so greatly and what variations in detail, fact, and tone reveal about how Franco-German relations influenced considerations of race, nation, gender, and sexuality in the French Empire. In part because her trajectory was so outlandish, Gräfenberg's writings help us to consider the influence of World War I upon interwar colonial politics, procedures, and presumptions.

The 1999 plan of the Social Democratic government to adjust Germany's 1913 nationality law has generated an intensely emotional debate. In an unprecedented action, the opposition Christian Democrats managed to gather hundreds of thousands of signatures against the adjustment that would have granted citizenship to second generation “immigrants” born in Germany. At the end of the twentieth century, Germans still strongly cling to the principle of jus sanguinis. The idea that nationality is not connected ot place of birth or culture but rather to a “national essence” tJiat is somehow incorporated in the subject's blood has been strong in Germany since the early nineteenth century and has been especially decisive for the country's twentieth-century history.

This article discusses the racist implications of the international debate over the use of French colonial troops to occupy the German Rhine land in the 1920s. African troops, denounced as a 'Black Shame', were stigmatized as a racially primitive, alien element on 'civilized' European territory. Racial and sexual terror were attributed to the perceived threat to German people, 'white womanhood' and civilization itself I focus on the ideological linkages of an unusually wide-ranging, heterogeneous network of participants in the campaign to explore underlying patterns of 'race', gender and nation. I also reflect on how accusations against the colonial soldiers (as 'savages' with primitive sexual drives, or dangerous brutal beasts) and the French government's claims (the soldiers as 'big children' under colonial control) were both based upon a complex and historically-shaped racist stereotype of the 'black' and his alleged 'inferiority'.