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Developing electrodes with long lifespan and wide-temperature adaptability is crucial important to achieve high-performance sodium/potassium-ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs). Herein, the SnSe2-SePAN composite was fabricated for extraordinarily stable and wide-temperature range SIBs/PIBs through a coupling strategy between controllable electrospinning and selenylation, in which SnSe2 nanoparticles were uniformly encapsulated in the SePAN matrix. The unique structure of SnSe2-SePAN not only relieves drastic volume variation but also guarantees the structural integrity of the composite, endowing SnSe2-SePAN with excellent sodium/potassium storage properties. Consequently, SnSe2-SePAN displays a high sodium storage capacity and excellent feasibility in a wide working temperature range (−15 to 60°C: 300 mAh g−1/700 cycles/−15°C; 352 mAh g−1/100 cycles/60°C at 0.5 A g−1). At room temperature, it delivers a record-ultralong cycling life of 192 mAh g−1 that exceeds 66 000 cycles even at 15 A g−1. It exhibits extremely superb electrochemical performance in PIBs (157 mAh g−1 exceeding 15 000 cycles at 5 A g−1). The ex situ XRD and TEM results attest the conversion-alloy mechanism of SnSe2-SePAN. Also, computational calculations verify that SePAN takes an important role in intensifying the electrochemical performance of SnSe2-SePAN electrode. Therefore, this study breaks new ground on solving the polyselenide dissolution issue and improving the wide temperature workable performance of sodium/potassium storage.

Investigations into lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) has focused primarily on the initial conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to Li2S2. However, the subsequent solid–solid reaction from Li2S2 to Li2S and the Li2S decomposition process should be equally prioritized. Creating a virtuous cycle by balancing all three chemical reaction processes is crucial for realizing practical LSBs. Herein, amorphous Ni3B in synergy with carbon nanotubes (aNi3B@CNTs) is proposed to implement the consecutive catalysis of S8(solid) → LiPSs(liquid) → Li2S(solid) →LiPSs(liquid). Systematic theoretical simulations and experimental analyses reveal that aNi3B@CNTs with an isotropic structure and abundant active sites can ensure rapid LiPSs adsorption‐catalysis as well as uniform Li2S precipitation. The uniform Li2S deposition in synergy with catalysis of aNi3B enables instant/complete oxidation of Li2S to LiPSs. The produced LiPSs are again rapidly and uniformly adsorbed for the next sulfur evolution process, thus creating a virtuous cycle for sulfur species conversion. Accordingly, the aNi3B@CNTs‐based cell presents remarkable rate capability, long‐term cycle life, and superior cyclic stability, even under high sulfur loading and extreme temperature environments. This study proposes the significance of creating a virtuous cycle for sulfur species conversion to realize practical LSBs. Virtuous cycle for consecutive electrocatalysis. Specifically, the binary sulfiphilic aNi3B with isotropic structure enables a rapid/uniform LiPSs adsorption. Meanwhile, the superior catalytic capability and ionic/electronic conductivity synergistically facilitated the fast/homogeneous Li2S precipitation. Uniform Li2S deposition helps fully oxidize it to LiPSs, which are quickly and uniformly adsorbed for the next sulfur evolution, creating a virtuous cycle for sulfur species conversion.

The operating temperatures of commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are generally restricted to a narrow range of −20 to 55 °C because the electrolyte is composed of highly volatile and flammable organic solvents and thermally unstable salts. Herein, the use of concentrated electrolytes is proposed to widen the operating temperature to −20 to 100 °C. It is demonstrated that a 4.0 mol L−1 LiN(SO2F)2/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte enables the stable charge–discharge cycling of a graphite anode and a high‐capacity LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode and the corresponding full cell in a wide temperature range from −20 to 100 °C owing to the highly thermal stable solvation structure of the concentrated electrolyte together with the robust and Li+‐conductive passivation interphase it offered that alleviate various challenges at high temperatures. This work demonstrates the potential for the development of safe LIBs without the need for bulky and heavy thermal management systems, thus significantly increasing the overall energy density. Owing to the highly stable solvation structure, concentrated electrolyte enables the stable operation of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|graphite full cells in a wide temperature range from −20 to 100 °C, which alleviates various challenges faced by commercial dilute electrolytes. This study demonstrates the potential to build a safe battery system without the bulky and heavy thermal management system, thus significantly increasing the overall energy density.

The oxidation-resistant coating of aeronautic engines must withstand severe thermal fluctuations that can degrade performance over time. Conventional thermal shock and fatigue tests using external heaters suffer from high thermal inertia, complex setups, and poor adaptability at elevated temperatures. To address these challenges, we developed a thermal resistance tester based on ultra-high temperature rapid direct resistance heating. This method enables fast and precise temperature control without the need for external heaters, significantly improving system responsiveness and reliability. The apparatus covers a wide temperature range (500 °C to > 3000 °C), with temperature accuracy of ± 5 °C and weighing precision of ± 0.1 mg. It is suitable for evaluating oxidation-resistant coatings and metallic materials with symmetric structures, such as those fabricated via 3D-printed topology optimization. The tester’s performance has been validated through systematic thermal cycling experiments. In addition to coating research, the system shows strong potential in the thermal testing of optical materials and components, particularly in high-power laser and space applications, where material stability under rapid temperature variation is critical.

The reversibility of lithium (Li) metal anodes is highly susceptible to temperature, owing to the aggravated side reactions at high temperatures and serious Li dendrite growth at low temperatures. Thus it is extremely challenging to simultaneously realize the high Li reversibility in both low and high temperature scenarios. Herein, an oxygen-free solvent ( n -hexane, HEX) assisted with the hexyl methyl ether and 1 mol L −1 lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl)imide is proposed to constitute an electrolyte for temperature-immune lithium metal batteries. It demonstrates that the HEX not only greatly suppresses the solvent reduction even at high temperatures but also weaken the Li + –solvent interaction for the facile Li-ion desolvation, leading to high Li Coulombic efficiencies (99.59% at 25 °C, 99.30% at 60 °C and 98.75% at −30 °C) and the dendrite-free Li plating from −30 °C to 60 °C. Benefitting from the low density and temperature-immune properties of our electrolyte, the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (3.8 mAh cm −2 )∥Li (60 µm) pouch-cells deliver 278 Wh kg −1 energy density and maintain the stable performance over 50 cycles, and retain 248 and 320 Wh kg −1 energy density at −30 °C and 60 °C, respectively. This work provides a new perspective on the electrolyte design for wide-temperature Li metal batteries.

Flexible wearable sensors have the characteristics of flexibility, comfort, and wearability, and have shown great potential in future electronic products. Despite significant efforts in developing stretchable electronic materials and structures, the development of flexible strain sensors with a wide temperature range, high sensitivity, broad detection range, and good interface stability remains challenging. Here, strain sensors with buckled structures are fabricated using high and low‐temperature resistant material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene, PDMS 184. The conductive material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene exhibits excellent interface interaction with PDMS 184, addressing not only the poor compatibility issue between the conductive material and the flexible substrate, but also demonstrating good stability and cycling performance. Buckled structure improves the stretchability and linearity of strain sensors. The fabricated strain sensor is suitable for a wide temperature range (−40 to 120 °C) and exhibits high stretchability (120% strain). The strain sensor demonstrates rapid response times at different temperatures: −40 (72.6 ms), 0 (62.7 ms), and 120 °C (52.7 ms). The strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity at different temperatures: −40 (GF = 0.38), 0 (GF = 0.24), 40 (GF = 0.66), and 120 °C (GF = 1.47). The strain sensor has a wide detection range (0.1% to 120%) and excellent cycling stability. In addition, Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene strain sensors can accurately capture various human activities, such as blinking, speaking, finger bending, and wrist bending. The authors developed strain sensors with buckled structures using high and low‐temperature resistant material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene, Polydimethylsiloxane 184. The conductive material Ti3C2Tx MXene/graphene exhibits excellent interface interaction with Polydimethylsiloxane 184, addressing not only the poor compatibility issue between the conductive material and the flexible substrate, but also demonstrating good sensing and cycling properties.

HighlightsThe effect of electrostatic interaction on regulating an anion-rich solvation in electrolyte is firstly proposed.The moderate electrostatic interaction between anion and solvent promotes anion-rich solvation sheath, inducing a stable electrolyte|electrode interface with fast Li+ transport kinetics.The outstanding electrochemical performance of 50 μm-thin Li||high-loading LiCoO2 batteries is achieved at high voltage of 4.5 V (even up to 4.6 V), lean electrolyte of 15 μL, and wide temperature range of − 20 to 60 °C.Through tailoring interfacial chemistry, electrolyte engineering is a facile yet effective strategy for high-performance lithium (Li) metal batteries, where the solvation structure is critical for interfacial chemistry. Herein, the effect of electrostatic interaction on regulating an anion-rich solvation is firstly proposed. The moderate electrostatic interaction between anion and solvent promotes anion to enter the solvation sheath, inducing stable solid electrolyte interphase with fast Li+ transport kinetics on the anode. This as-designed electrolyte exhibits excellent compatibility with Li metal anode (a Li deposition/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%) and high-voltage LiCoO2 cathode. Consequently, the 50 μm-thin Li||high-loading LiCoO2 cells achieve significantly improved cycling performance under stringent conditions of high voltage over 4.5 V, lean electrolyte, and wide temperature range (− 20 to 60 °C). This work inspires a groundbreaking strategy to manipulate the solvation structure through regulating the interactions of solvent and anion for high-performance Li metal batteries.

A SiC Schottky dual-diode temperature-sensing element, suitable for both complementary variation of VF with absolute temperature (CTAT) and differential proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensors, is demonstrated over 60–700 K, currently the widest range reported. The structure’s layout places the two identical diodes in close, symmetrical proximity. A stable and high-barrier Schottky contact based on Ni, annealed at 750 °C, is used. XRD analysis evinced the even distribution of Ni2Si over the entire Schottky contact area. Forward measurements in the 60–700 K range indicate nearly identical characteristics for the dual-diodes, with only minor inhomogeneity. Our parallel diode (p-diode) model is used to parameterize experimental curves and evaluate sensing performances over this far-reaching domain. High sensitivity, upwards of 2.32 mV/K, is obtained, with satisfactory linearity (R2 reaching 99.80%) for the CTAT sensor, even down to 60 K. The PTAT differential version boasts increased linearity, up to 99.95%. The lower sensitivity is, in this case, compensated by using a high-performing, low-cost readout circuit, leading to a peak 14.91 mV/K, without influencing linearity.

The electrochemical properties, heat production properties and safety of lithium-ion batteries are significantly affected by the ambient temperature. In this paper, a combination of experimental and simulation methods is used to reveal the differences of the battery thermoelectric coupling characteristics under wide temperature range environment (from − 20 ℃ to 40 ℃) by taking 21,700 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries as examples. We design the battery model characterization method, carry out the battery charging and discharging characteristics experiments under different ambient temperatures, extract the respective modeling key parameters, reveal the differences of parameters under different temperatures, and construct the battery thermoelectric coupling model under wide temperature range environment. Simultaneously, we utilize the model constructed above to conduct simulations and experimentally verify battery thermal performance. By comparing experimental data acquired through infrared thermography and K-type thermocouples with simulation outcomes, we find the error to be below 5%. Unlike the homogeneous heat source model, the model constructed in this paper can simulate the uneven temperature field. In comparison to both equivalent circuit models and electrochemical-thermal coupling models, it involves fewer computations. It considers both the precision of simulating battery thermal performance and practicality for market-oriented popularity, which lays the foundation for research and market-oriented popularity related to battery thermal management design under wide temperature range environment.

This study fabricated fluorinated graphite (FG)-reinforced Ni/WC/CeO2 cladding layers on 45 steel substrates using vacuum cladding technology. Their microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior over a wide temperature range (25–800 °C) were systematically characterized. The results demonstrate that FG addition promotes the formation of a self-lubricating CeF3 phase. The optimal CeF3 phase formation efficiency occurred at a 1.5 wt% FG content (NWF15). The NWF15 cladding layer exhibited the smallest average grain size (15.88 nm) and the lowest porosity (0.1410%) among all samples. Mechanical testing revealed that this cladding layer possessed the highest microhardness (1062.7 ± 21.9 HV0.2). Its H/E and H3/E2 ratios, indicative of resistance to elastic strain and plastic deformation, reached 0.0489 and 0.0291, respectively. Tribological tests revealed pronounced temperature-dependent wear behavior: abrasive wear was predominant at 25 °C; adhesive wear dominated from 200 to 600 °C; and oxidative wear became the primary mechanism at 800 °C. Throughout this temperature range, the CeF3 phase effectively reduced wear damage by suppressing groove propagation and providing effective lubrication, particularly under high-temperature conditions.