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The article presents an annotated edition of a newly recorded Soqotri text about a wild man. The authors attempt to locate the story within a wide range of “wild/feral” men narratives. The protagonist of the Soqotri story displays a set of features cross-culturally ascribed to wild men, and the narrative pattern of the account demonstrates a sequence of plot elements and motifs characteristic of this tale-type. The article includes a comparison of the Soqotri tale to the Enkidu narrative known from the Akkadian Epic of Gilgameš. Although both focus on the contact between human society and a wild outsider, the two stories develop the subject differently: while Enkidu loses his wild traits and becomes “civilized”, the Soqotri hero dies unable either to join the human community or to preserve his wild nature once people have interfered with his life.

The folkloric figure of the wild man (and wild humans, more broadly) exists in different cultural contexts worldwide. This work focuses on the historical examples of the wild man in Italian Alpine folklore, mainly in local art and folk narrative. The analysis of these examples suggests a deep connection between the wild man and the local image of wilderness, in opposition to the anthropic domain of the Alpine villagers. KEYWORDS: wild man, wilderness, folklore, narrative, art

Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation in tropical uplands. In western Myanmar, population growth has intensified the practice, shortening fallow periods and resulting in increased habitat degradation and fragmentation, which threaten wildlife survival. Arboreal species such as gibbons are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on continuous canopy cover for survival. We investigated how shifting cultivation and associated human disturbances affect the density and abundance of the Western hoolock gibbon ( Hoolock hoolock ) in Man Wildlife Sanctuary, a newly established protected area, and its surrounding forest landscape in western Myanmar. Data were collected using point counts at 36 sampling grids covering 113 km 2 over 8 months (April–November 2023). Density estimates were derived from abundance using N‐mixture models, and we examined the influence of landscape and human disturbance covariates on spatial variation in gibbon abundance across the study area. We estimated an average density of 1.6 groups/km 2 . Of the seven landscapes and eight disturbance covariates tested, fire‐related disturbances and proximity to human settlements—both closely associated with shifting cultivation—had the strongest negative influence on gibbon density. Our results suggest that Man Wildlife Sanctuary and its surrounding forests support a moderate density of Western hoolock gibbons compared with other regions in Myanmar. The lack of effective protection and management is a major problem, highlighting the need for targeted conservation measures and land‐use planning to mitigate these threats. 刀耕火种是热带高地森林砍伐的主要驱动因素。在缅甸西部, 人口增长导致刀耕火种的不可持续做法, 通过缩短休耕期, 加剧了栖息地退化和破碎化, 对野生动物的生存构成威胁。在受影响的生物多样性中, 长臂猿等树栖物种因其对连续林冠的依赖而特别脆弱。本研究调查了缅甸西部新建保护区曼野生动物保护区及其周边森林景观中, 刀耕火种和人类干扰如何影响西部白眉长臂猿 ( Hoolock hoolock ) 的密度和丰度。数据收集于2023年4月至11月的8个月期间, 采用点计数法在覆盖113平方公里的36个采样网格进行。我们使用N‐混合模型从丰度中推导出密度, 并调查了哪些景观和人类干扰协变量影响了研究区域内长臂猿的空间变异。我们估计长臂猿的平均密度为1.6群/平方公里。我们使用了7个景观协变量和8个人类干扰协变量来预测长臂猿群的丰度和密度。结果表明, 曼野生动物保护区及其周边森林景观支持的西部白眉长臂猿密度在缅甸其他地区中属于中等水平。长臂猿密度受到火灾相关干扰和靠近人类住区的负面影响, 这两者都与刀耕火种实践密切相关。缺乏适当的保护和管理是一个主要问题, 这突出表明需要具体的保育工作和土地利用规划来应对这些威胁。 We studied the impact of shifting cultivation and related human disturbances on the Western hoolock gibbon ( Hoolock hoolock ) in Man Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent forests in western Myanmar. In this region, shifting cultivation is widespread and has become increasingly unsustainable, leading to significant habitat degradation and fragmentation. These changes pose a serious threat to the survival of this canopy‐dependent primate. Between April and November 2023, we surveyed 36 locations across 113 km 2 , both within and outside the sanctuary, to estimate gibbon density and assess the impact of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the population. We found an average gibbon density of 1.6 groups per km 2 , indicating that the area supports a moderate population compared with other parts of Myanmar. Our analysis showed that gibbon density was lower in areas affected by forest fires and those located near human settlements. Conservation of this endangered species requires sustainable land‐use planning, protection of remaining forest patches, restoration of canopy connectivity, and engagement with local communities to raise awareness. Practitioner Points Fire disturbance and proximity to villages reduce gibbon density in shifting cultivation landscapes. Protecting remaining forest patches and restoring canopy connectivity are critical for gibbon conservation. Conservation efforts should integrate land‐use planning and community engagement in areas surrounding the protected area. 我们研究了缅甸西部曼野生动物保护区及其周边森林中, 刀耕火种及相关人类干扰对西部白眉长臂猿 ( Hoolock hoolock ) 的影响。在该地区, 刀耕火种普遍存在且日益不可持续, 导致栖息地严重退化和碎片化。这些变化对这种依赖林冠的物种的生存构成了严重威胁。在2023年4月至11月期间, 我们调查了曼野生动物保护区内外跨越113平方公里的36个地点, 以估算长臂猿密度并评估环境和人类干扰因素对种群的影响。我们发现长臂猿的平均密度为每平方公里1.6群, 表明与缅甸其他地区相比, 该区域支持着中等水平的西部白眉长臂猿种群。我们的分析显示, 受森林火灾影响的区域以及靠近人类住区的区域, 长臂猿密度较低。有效管理可持续的村庄土地利用规划并提高当地居民的意识对于这种濒危物种的保育至关重要。 火灾干扰和靠近村庄会降低刀耕火种景观中长臂猿的密度。 保护剩余的森林斑块和恢复林冠连通性对长臂猿保育至关重要。 保育工作应将土地利用规划和社区参与纳入保护区周边区域。

An epic play about two young hikers who accidentally discover a lost community deep in the forests of Tasmania. Lost in time, the group clashes with the culture of modern Australia, with tragic consequences.

From the Beat poets' incarnation of the \"white Negro\" through Iron John and the Men's Movement to the paranoid masculinity of Timothy McVeigh, white men in this country have increasingly imagined themselves as victims. InTaking It Like a Man, David Savran explores the social and sexual tensions that have helped to produce this phenomenon. Beginning with the 1940s, when many white, middle-class men moved into a rule-bound, corporate culture, Savran sifts through literary, cinematic, and journalistic examples that construct the white man as victimized, feminized, internally divided, and self-destructive. Savran considers how this widely perceived loss of male power has played itself out on both psychoanalytical and political levels as he draws upon various concepts of masochism--the most counterintuitive of the so-called perversions and the one most insistently associated with femininity. Savran begins with the writings and self-mythologization of Beat writers William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac. Although their independent, law-defying lifestyles seemed distinctively and ruggedly masculine, their literary art and personal relations with other men in fact allowed them to take up social and psychic positions associated with women and racial minorities. Arguing that this dissident masculinity has become increasingly central to U.S. culture, Savran analyzes the success of Sam Shepard as both writer and star, as well as the emergence of a new kind of action hero in movies likeRamboandTwister. He contends that with the limited success of the civil rights and women's movements, white masculinity has been reconfigured to reflect the fantasy that the white male has become the victim of the scant progress made by African Americans and women. Taking It Like a Manprovocatively applies psychoanalysis to history. The willingness to inflict pain upon the self, for example, serves as a measure of men's attempts to take control of their situations and their ambiguous relationship to women. Discussing S/M and sexual liberation in their historical contexts enables Savran to consider not only the psychological function of masochism but also the broader issues of political and social power as experienced by both men and women.

Written 150 years ago, never published, and presumed lost for nearly a century, Wilkie Collins's earliest novel now appears in print for the first time. Ioláni is a sensational romance--a tale of terror and suspense, bravery and betrayal, set against the lush backdrop of Tahiti. The book's complicated history is worthy of a writer famous for intricate plots hinging on long-kept secrets. Collins wrote the book as a young man in the early 1840s, twenty years beforeThe MoonstoneandThe Woman in Whitemade his name among Victorian novelists. He failed to find a publisher for the work, shelved the manuscript for years, and eventually gave it to an acquaintance. It disappeared into the hands of private collectors and remained there--acquiring mythical status as a lost novel--from the turn of the century until its sudden appearance on the rare book market in New York in 1991. This first edition appears with the permission of the new owners, who keep the mystery alive by remaining anonymous. The novel is set in Tahiti prior to European contact. It tells the story of the diabolical high priest, Ioláni , and the heroic young woman, Idüa, who bears his child. Determined to defy the Tahitian custom of killing firstborn children, Idüa and her friend Aimáta flee with the baby and take refuge among Ioláni's enemies. The vengeful priest pursues them, setting into motion a plot that features civil war, sorcery, sacrificial rites, wild madmen, treachery, and love. Collins explores themes that he would return to again and again in his career: oppression by sinister, patriarchal figures; the bravery of forceful, unorthodox women; the psychology of the criminal mind; the hypocrisy of moralists; and Victorian ideas of the exotic. As Ira Nadel shows in his introduction, the novel casts new light on Collins's development as a writer and on the creation of his later masterpieces. A sample page from the manuscript appears as the frontispiece to this edition. The publication of Ioláni is a major literary event: a century and half late, Wilkie Collins makes his literary debut. Originally published in 1999. ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and across the world is associated with a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 1 . This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection 2 . Although bats are probable reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, the identity of any intermediate host that may have facilitated transfer to humans is unknown. Here we report the identification of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins ( Manis javanica ) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission. SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses are identified in Malayan pangolins ( Manis javanica ); these pangolin-associated coronaviruses belonged to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2.

Background Living organisms are frequently exposed to more than one xenobiotic at a time either by ingestion of contaminated food/fodder or due to house-hold practices, occupational hazards or through environment. These xenobiotics interact individually or in combination with biological systems and act as carcinogen or produce other toxic effects including reproductive and degenerative diseases. Present study was aimed to investigate the cyto-genotoxic effects of flubendiamide and copper and ameliorative potential of certain natural phyotconstituent antioxidants. Method In vitro cytogenotoxic effects were evaluated by employing battery of assays including Propidium iodide staining, Tunel assay, Micronuclei, DNA fragmentation and Comet assay on isolated splenocytes and their prevention by resveratrol (5 and 10 μM), catechin (10 and 20 μM), curcumin (5 and 10 μM) and α-tocopherol (5, 10 and 20 μM). In vivo study was also undertaken daily oral administration of flubendiamide (200 mg/kg) or copper (33 mg/kg) and both these in combination, and also all these concurrently with of α-tocopherol to Wistar rats for 90 days. Results Flubendiamide and copper produced concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on splenocytes and at median lethal concentrations, flubendiamide (40 μM) and copper (40 μM) respectively produced 71 and 81% nonviable cells, higher number of Tunel+ve apoptotic cells, 7.86 and 9.16% micronucleus and 22.90 and 29.59 comets/100 cells and DNA fragmentation. In vivo study revealed significant ( P  < 0.05) increase in level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in groups exposed to flubendiamide or copper alone or both these in combination. Histopathological examination of rat spleens revealed depletion of lymphoid tissue, separation of splenocytes and rarification in splenic parenchyma of xenobiotic(s) treated groups. Conclusion Flubendiamide and copper induce oxidative stress and produce cytogenotoxic effects along with histoarchitectural changes in spleen. All four tested natural antioxidants (resveratrol, catechin, curcumin and α-tocopherol) reduced flubendiamide and copper-induced cytotoxic effects in rat splenocytes. Rat splenocytes are very sensitive to flubendiamide and copper-induced cytogenotoxicity, therefore, these can be effectively employed for screening of compounds for their cytogenotoxic potential. α-tocopherol was effective in restoring alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and preventing histoarchitectural lesions in spleen.