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The English existentialist writer Colin Wilson explores different dimensions of human consciousness in his fictional works to understand the nature of consciousness. Wilson professes the doctrine of “affirmation” and contends that beneath the surface of everyday triviality, which generates pessimistic nihilism and ennui, there is an ever-refreshing reality to which every individual must get access so as to bring value and purpose to life. Hebelieves that this triviality is a result of the narrowness of consciousness. In this state, we take life for granted, and instead of living, we drift. This state resembles how Husserl describes consciousness in its ‘natural attitude’ —a state which is characterised by inattention and unreflectiveness. In this state, one fails to comprehend the experience at hand, thereby losing its meaning and essence. The recognition of this naïve attitude is one of the basic tenets of Wilson’s philosophy. Both Husserl and Wilson show a deep concern with the perception and the perceiver and their fate in all modes of consciousness, which are inextricably linked to human will and imagination and crucial to the evolution of consciousness. Wilson, like Husserl, rose against cultural pessimism engendered by earlier philosophies and envisaged phenomenology as a potent tool to overcome this failure and crisis. Both believe in the spiritual power of phenomenology, which provides new insights into human subjectivity and its sense of bestowing achievements. Wilson’s phenomenological pursuit is anendeavour to solve the existential meaninglessness of life. With a focus on the question of what makes up human values, Wilson’s new existentialism entails a phenomenological analysis of consciousness. His phenomenology of life devaluation is the most relevant area of study because moods of insight and optimism are less accessible than moods of everyday consciousness. Like Husserlian phenomenology, Wilson’s new existentialism lays bare the different layers of human consciousness. In his The New Existentialism,he avers that the ‘new existentialist’ “accepts man’s experience of his inner freedom as basic and irreducible” and ‘the new existentialism’ concentrates the full battery of phenomenological analysis upon the everyday sense of contingency ... it uncovers the complexities and safety devices in which freedom dissipates itself” (180). And therein lies the first step towards understanding the nature of consciousness. Husserlian phenomenology, with its implicit existentialist concerns, too begins with this recognition of the prejudiced consciousness which flattened under the triviality of everyday life characterises our ‘natural attitude’. Both Wilson and Husserl contend that ‘normal’ consciousness is partial, and it is not possible to make any sense of life from this partial mode of being. There is only a dull acceptance of how things apparently seem to us from our ‘natural standpoint’. Wilson conveys this state as the problem of ‘Robot’, which engenders an empty, meaningless and mechanical life where we act with passive intentionality and where the possibility of moving to other modes of being is reduced and thus limited.Wilson gives us a fresh and clear picture of man’s position in what Husserl calls the ‘natural standpoint’ or what he himself terms the ‘fallacy of insignificance’ —man’s inability to find meaning or significance in life. It is the everyday state of consciousness which Wilson calls the ‘Robot.’ Gnostics would call this Robot ‘Duality’, Gurdjieff calls it ‘sleep’, and Nietzsche labels it ‘Mechanical Intentions’. Heidegger would call such an existence ‘inauthentic’. It is Blake’s ‘Spectre’ —a stronghold of one’s own identity, personality, habits, etc. It is the concept of man as “an empty consciousness that passively receives data from the outside world” (Tredell Web). Robot is a human psychic condition which has become more complicated in modern culture. According to Wilson, “the Robot” is how our consciousness operates on ‘auto-pilot’, narrowing our perception so as to enable us to handle everyday life and least concerned about the need to get beyond it. He believed that “the Robot” controlled the part of our brains that, in our modern culture, has become over-used and over-developed.

حلم غاية ما ليست السيرة الأولى التي كتبها ولسون عن نفسه بل جاءت قبلها في أواخر ستينيات القرن الماضي سيرة ذاتية ركز فيها على العلاقات اسمها رحلة نحو البداية بينما جاءت الأخيرة مركز على الأفكار التي شكلت شخصيته الأولى وطورتها.. الكاتب عاش في فجر حياته حياة صعبة عاش في بيئة فقيرة تحتم عليه فيها ترك دراسته في عمر مبكر السادسة عشرة لكي يدعم دخل الأسرة فعمل في مصنع للصوف وأعمال تالية له شديدة الضجر بالنسبة لرجل أفكار فانتقل من عمل إلى آخر هاربا من سطوتها عبر القراءة ومتنقل من كتاب لكتاب كولن ويلسون أدهشني بكمية وعظمة ماقرؤه من كتب قبل حتى أن يبلغ العشرين من العمر، يذكر أنه كان يشتري الكتب المستعملة من طفولته وكان يملك من الكتب والأسطوانات ما جعله بعد نجاحه واستقراره يبحث عن منزل يأوي كتبه يقول : \"كان المنزل أول الأمر يبدو كبيرا جدا بحيث يكون من المستحيل تصور إمكانية أن يضيق بالكتب فعمدت إلى استغلال المساحات المتاحة في مدخل البيت فكنت ترى الرفوف المليئة بالكتب إلى حافة رؤوسنا ببضع بوصات أينما ذهبت حتى أدركت يوما استحالة إضافة ولو رف صغير إضافي آخر في أي مكان حتى لو كان في مطبخ المنزل !!

The regular realm of vowel harmony in Assamese consists of right-to-left regressive [Atr] harmony. In contrast with this regular pattern of vowel harmony, the exceptional Assamese processes dealt with in this paper are symptomatic of the behavior of a pair of morphemes that trigger additional processes not seen elsewhere in the language. This pair of morphemes allows raising of the otherwise opaque vowel /α/and fronting/backing of /α/depending on the [Back] quality of a mid vowel adjacent to /α/. Raising is strictly local in the presence of preceding high and low vowels, but there is also another pattern which shows backness assimilation to a previous vowel if there are mid vowels preceding the /α/ of the input. This exceptional raising occurs to allow [Atr] harmony to spread regressively by changing the [—Atr] low vowel into a [+Atr] mid vowel. I analyse these cases within Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004) and show that these exceptional occurrences are morpheme-specific. It is also shown that these exceptional occurrences lend themselves to an account based on indexation of markedness constraints (Flack 2007; Ota 2004; Pater 2000, 2006, 2009). Consequently, the Assamese examples show that indexed markedness constraints are able to deal with an exceptional alternation where a low vowel undergoes harmony locally. This article also shows that an emergence of the unmarked analysis is required to account for the low back vowel that alternates with a front vowel if there is a preceding front vowel. This article goes beyond the problems encountered in Assamese, and claims that there is no need to invoke locality in exceptional blocking in vowel harmony, as both exceptional and non-exceptional blocking in vowel harmony are always local and bounded. The goal of this paper is to shed light on exceptional and emergent processes, arguing that they are always local and governed by strong universal properties of grammar.

حلم غاية ما ليست السيرة الأولى التي كتبها ولسون عن نفسه بل جاءت قبلها في أواخر ستينات القرن الماضي سيرة ذاتية ركز فيها على العلاقات اسمها رحلة نحو البداية بينما جاءت الأخيرة مركز على الأفكار التي شكلت شخصيته الأولى وطورتها .. الكاتب عاش في فجر حياته حياة صعبة عاش في بيئة فقيرة تحتم عليه فيها ترك دراسته في عمر مبكر السادسة عشر لكي يدعم دخل الاسرة فعمل في مصنع للصوف واعمال تالية له شديدة الضجر بالنسبة لرجل افكار فانتقل من عمل الى آخر هاربا من سطوتها عبر القراءة.

This paper is about opaque interactions between phonological processes in the two senses defined by Kiparsky (1971, 1973) and discussed in much recent work on the topic, most notably McCarthy (1999) : underapplication opacity, whereby a process appears to have failed to apply in expected contexts on the surface, and overapplication opacity, whereby a process appears to have applied in unexpected contexts on the surface. Specifically, I demonstrate that there are three distinct types of overapplication opacity in addition to the only case discussed and properly categorised as such in the literature, counterbleeding. The analysis of each type of opacity in terms of rule-based serialism and in terms of Optimality Theory is discussed, emphasising the strengths and weaknesses of the two frameworks in each case.

One of the UK's great architectural thinkers, the architect of the British Library, Professor Sir Colin St. John Wilson, died on 14 May 2007 at the age of 85.

إن كتاب (الكتب في حياتي) هذا هو نظرة مدهشة ومفعمة بالرؤی للكيفية التي يمكن بها لحياة أثرتها القراءة الجادة والشغوفة أن تشكل هياكل أفكارنا وقلوبنا وأرواحنا و كل ما نعتقد بضرورته وأهميته في هذه الحياة. في قرائتنا لفصول هذا الكتاب، وإن رغبته في تحقيق الذات وتخليق بصمة ذاتية له إلى جانب تسکین مرجل الأفكار الذي يغلي بداخله-كل هذه الأمور جعلت ویلسون يندفع في قراءة أي كتاب يمكن أن تطاله يداه، وأعتقد اعتقادا حاسما أن ویلسون نجح في كتابه هذا بکشف المفاعيل المدهشة للكتب في حياته والطريقة التي دفعته بها إلى ارتقاء الذرى الفكرية التي بلغها لاحقا وكتب عنها في سلسلة كتبه التي جاوزت المائية والأربعين كتابة.

(1931– ), was brought up in Leicester, and left school at sixteen. The Outsider (1956) describes the