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Wind instruments
\"Describes various wind instruments from around the world, such as the familiar clarinet, saxophone, and flute, along with other traditional instruments such as the Chinese flute, nose flute, and pan pipes\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Experimental data on aerosols exhaled into the environment from different wind musical instruments
Brass bands that include wind instruments are heavily affected by rules established during the pandemic. The aim of this experimental work was to assess the aerosols emitted through different wind instruments. The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) was used to measure the aerosols emitted and transmit those characteristics to a database. The results revealed that the dynamic level at which a note is produced, regardless of whether it is a clarinet, trumpet, or bassoon, significantly changes in aerosol concentrations emitted. Specifically, if there is a higher dynamic level, an increase in emissions of particle concentration will occur by comparing the levels
piano
,
mezzo forte
, and
forte
. These aerosols are produced with a diameter of approximately 0.8 μm, except for the Navarra bagpipe, which has a diameter of 1.8 μm. In addition, this last instrument is the one that emits more particles every second, reaching a value five times larger than that with two reeds, such as the bassoon.
Staccato
and
legato
are two well-known techniques among musicians that help in articulating a musical piece. The difference between the two methods in terms of the concentration of the number of particles is not remarkable and is almost negligible.
Journal Article
The musical instrument desk reference : a guide to how band and orchestral instruments work
The Musical Instrument Desk Reference includes general information on fingering, the anatomy of musical instruments, sound production, amplification, and control, as well as the science of sound. --from publisher description.
Book
Masters of Italian craftsmanship. Episode 4, Not only bandits
Not Only Bandits is a journey through the Maremma region of Grosseto, Tuscany, exploring its rich historical and artisanal heritage. From Grosseto's Medici walls and Piazza Dante to the Etruscan ruins of Roselle, Montepescali's panoramic views, and Porto Santo Stefano's coastal charm, the documentary showcases the region's beauty. It highlights artisans preserving ancient crafts: a master saddle-maker, a potter reviving the bucchero technique, a goldsmith and saxophone restorer, and a miniature painter. Through their work, the film reveals the deep connection between past and present, showing how tradition fuels contemporary creativity. A vivid portrait of a land where history and innovation merge, breathing new life into Tuscany's timeless traditions.
Streaming Video
Glass‐blowing, brass‐playing, and other laryngocele etiologies: Fact or fiction? A systematic literature review
Objective Laryngocele is a rare condition, which can be congenital or acquired, characterized by an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal ventricle filled with air. A correlation between laryngocele formation and increased intralaryngeal pressure has been postulated, as much as a frequent coexistence with laryngeal carcinoma. Despite this, systematic research on its potential etiology is still limited up to date. Methods We carried out a systematic an electronic search on the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for all articles related to laryngocele or laryngopyocele. The authors performed a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review across multiple databases including all studies published until February 7, 2023, focusing on laryngocele etiology. Case reports and articles in languages other than English were excluded. The authors recorded etiology, age of patients, male‐to‐female ratio, history of smoking, symptoms, management, and overall follow‐up. Results The majority of publications related to laryngocele are case reports and case series. We found a total of 10 articles correctly reporting etiologies, the majority of which included only a limited number of patients. Most case series explored the association of laryngocele and laryngeal cancer. Other reported etiologies were wind instruments' playing, cricohyoidoepiglottopexy's execution, amyloidosis, and chronic constipation. Some cases of congenital laryngocele were also reported. Conclusions Actual knowledge concerning laryngocele etiology appears—based on literature studies—inferential at best. The association between laryngocele and laryngeal cancer is, on the other hand, well‐established and must be taken into account when evaluating patients with this condition. Wider and prospective data collections should allow further insight into this condition and its pathogenesis. Key Points Actual knowledge regarding laryngocele's etiology appears limited and restricted to a large number of case series and case reports. Its association with laryngeal cancer seems well established, while other etiologic causes (such as brass‐playing) should be explored further. To the author's knowledge, this is the first systematic review analyzing the etiology of laryngocele. It represents a pioneering attempt to assess the reliability of the etiological theories that have been long‐established until the present.
Journal Article
Analysis of Two Protection Strategies for Reducing Aerosol Expulsion from Wind Instruments
(1) Background: the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of two protection systems for aerosol cloud reduction while playing different wind instruments. (2) Methods: The protection systems used were a cotton molton construction combined with a bell filter attached at the bell of the instruments, as well as a household paper towel. For visualization of the emitted aerosol particles, e-cigarettes were used. With three full HD cameras, cloud dispersion was captured in the forward, sideways, and upwards directions. The effectiveness of aerosol spread reduction was statistically evaluated. (3) Results: Without protection, aerosol clouds dispersed, on average, up to 1.23 m in the forward direction, 0.46 m sideways, and 0.86 m upwards. The cotton molton mask reduced forward spread by 42%, while the paper towel achieved a 15% reduction, although both systems increased lateral and vertical dispersion. Specifically, the cotton molton mask yielded a 9% increase to the side and 7% in the upward direction, while the paper towel resulted in a 66% increase to the sides and a 10% increase in the upward direction. The cotton molton mask’s effectiveness was attributed to its additional coverage of the tone holes, which contribute to aerosol emission in woodwind instruments. A statistical analysis via the Friedman test confirmed significant reductions in forward dispersion with the cotton molton system. (4) Conclusions: Protective systems can partially reduce aerosol emissions. However, these alone are not sufficient, and further measures to reduce the spread of particles are necessary.
Journal Article
Burst of Breath
The first in-depth, comparative, and interdisciplinary study of indigenous Amazonian musical cultures,Burst of Breathshowcases new research on the dynamic range of ritual power and social significance of various wind instruments-including flutes, trumpets, clarinets, and whistles-played in sacred rituals and ceremonies in Lowland South America.
The editors provide a detailed overview of the historical significance, scientific classification, shamanic and cosmological associations, and changing social meanings of ritual wind instruments within Amazonian cultures. These essays present a wide perspective that goes beyond better-documented areas such as the Upper Xingu and northwest Amazon. Some of the authors explore the ways ritual wind instruments are used to introduce natural sounds into social contexts and to cross boundaries between verbal and nonverbal communication. Others look at how ritual wind instruments and their music enter into local definitions and negotiations of relations between men, women, kin, insiders, and outsiders.
Closely considering these instruments in their many roles and contexts-in curing and purification, negotiating relations, connecting mythic ancestors and humans today-this volume reveals the power and complexity of the music at the heart of collective rituals across lowland South America.
eBook
Visual field changes in professional wind versus non-wind musical instrument players in the Philadelphia orchestra
Purpose: We compare the prevalence of glaucoma in professional wind versus non-wind instrument players in the Philadelphia Orchestra. Visual field changes in individuals with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects were evaluated, and the results were correlated with cumulative practice time.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational study, fifty-one Philadelphia Orchestra musicians were enrolled and categorized as wind or non-wind instrument players. All study participants underwent screening fundus photography. Participants with optic discs suspicious for glaucoma underwent further evaluation, including standard automated visual field perimetry and a comprehensive eye examination by a glaucoma specialist.
Results: Of the 51 musicians enrolled, 9 of the 21 wind instrument players (43%) and 8 of the 30 non-wind instrument players (27%) were suspected of developing glaucoma in at least one eye (P = 0.25), with examinations performed on 12 of the 17 returning musicians (71%) for further confirmation. Wind instrument players exhibited significantly higher Octopus visual field mean defect scores (1.08 ± 1.5 dB) than non-wind instrument players (−0.43 ± 0.7 dB; P < 0.001). There was a significant association between cumulative hours playing wind instruments and visual field mean defect (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Among members of the Philadelphia Orchestra, the difference in prevalence of glaucoma suspicious optic discs between wind and non-wind instrument players was not significant. The clinical significance of the greater visual field mean defect found in wind instrument players, and the association between the degree of visual field mean defect and the cumulative practice-time of playing wind instruments, needs further investigation.
Journal Article
Orofacial Trauma on the Anterior Zone of a Trumpet’s Player Maxilla: Concept of the Oral Rehabilitation—A Case Report
Background: The occurrence of an orofacial trauma can originate health, social, economic and professional problems. A 13-year boy suffered the avulsion of tooth 11 and 21, lost at the scenario. Methods: Three intraoral appliances were manufactured: A Hawley appliance with a central expansion screw and two central incisors (1), trumpet edentulous anterior tooth appliance (2) and a customized splint (3) were designed as part of the rehabilitation procedure. Objectively assessing the sound quality of the trumpet player with these new devices in terms of its spectral, temporal, and spectro-temporal audio properties. A linear frequency response microphone was adopted for precision measurement of pitch, loudness, and timbre descriptors. Results: Pitch deviations may result from the different intra-oral appliances due to the alteration of the mouth cavity, respectively, the area occupied and modification/interaction with the anatomy. This investigation supports the findings that the intra-oral appliance which occupies less volume is the best solution in terms of sound quality. Conclusions: Young wind instrumentalists should have dental impressions of their teeth made, so their dentist has the most reliable anatomy of the natural teeth in case of an orofacial trauma. Likewise, the registration of their sound quality should be done regularly to have standard parameters for comparison.
Journal Article
The effects of playing wind musical instruments on the occlusal characteristics in a Northern Nigerian Population
Introduction: Dentists are often questioned on whether playing a wind musical instrument can adversely affect dental occlusion. This study compared the occlusal characteristics in wind instrument players (WIPs) and non-WIPs. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comprising a group of fifty males aged 18-45 years that had been playing wind instruments for a minimum of 2 years, whereas the control group were non-WIPs in the same environment. All the participants had full complement of dentition. The occlusal characteristics of overjet, overbite, anterior open bite and Little's irregularity were assessed for both groups. Excellent intra-examiner reliability was observed (Cronbach's alpha - 0.997). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 17 was used for data analysis, and statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The number of years of playing wind musical instrument ranged from 2 to 25 years. The mean overjet was 3.46 ± 1.49 mm and 3.18 ± 1.27 mm in the WIP and non-WIP groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The maxillary anterior segment showed statistically significantly higher Little's Irregularity Index score in the WIP group (3.18 ± 3.73 mm) than that in the non-WIP group (1.87 ± 2.21 mm) (P < 0.05). The maxillary Little's Irregularity Index score in trumpet and trombone players (3.55 ± 3.93 mm) was significantly higher than that in saxophone and clarinet players (1.69 ± 2.39 mm). Both the maxillary and mandibular anterior-segment alignments were neither influenced by the number of years nor the frequency of play. Conclusions: Playing wind musical instruments significantly affects the maxillary anterior-segment alignment.
Journal Article