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"Windborne debris."
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Foreign object debris and damage in aviation
\"The book discusses biological and non-biological Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and associated Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in aviation. Written for aviation industry personnel, aircraft transport and ground operators, and aircraft pilots, the reader will learn to manage FOD to guarantee air traffic safety with minimum costs to airlines and airports. Management control for the debris begins at the aircraft design phase, and the book includes numerical analyses for estimating damage caused by strikes. The book explores aircraft operation in adverse weather conditions and inanimate FOD management programs for airports, airlines, airframe, and engine manufacturers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Windborne debris damage prediction analysis
Windborne debris is one of the most important causes of the envelop destruction according to the post-damage investigations. The problem of windborne debris damage could be summarized as three parts, including windborne debris risk analysis, debris flying trajectories, and impact resistance of envelope analysis. The method of debris distribution is developed. The flying trajectories of compact and plate-like debris are solved by using a numerical method according to the different aerodynamic characteristics. The impact resistance of the envelopes is also analyzed. Besides, the process of windborne debris damage analysis is described in detail. An example of industrial building is given to demonstrate the whole method by using the observed data of typhoon Chanchu (2006). The method developed in this paper could be applied to risk assessment of windborne debris for structures in wind hazard.
Journal Article
Construction Aspects of In-Home Hurricane Wind Shelter Rooms
The construction and economic aspects of two demonstration in-home hurricane resistant retrofit rooms are presented in this paper. The retrofit rooms are a stepped down economic alternative to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Torando Safe Room, with reasonable hurricane protection. The retrofitting is achieved through reinforcing existing walls and roofs of typical small interior rooms with plywood sheets, steel plates, anchor bolts, and hurricane straps. The in-house shelter offers significant occupant protection and reduces the demand on public shelters in the event of a Category 5 hurricane or F2 level tornado. The smaller size of the Hurricane Rooms makes them well suited to typical small interior spaces in existing homes. The relative construction aspects of plywood versus steel plate wall and ceiling retrofitting are discussed. The average material and labor cost of the two hurricane Retrofit Rooms was about $3100, almost half of the typical cost for a FEMA Tornado Safe Room.
Journal Article
Hurricane Wind Shelter Retrofit Room Standards For Existing Houses
The objective of this study was to develop a design and construction technique for an in-home Retrofit Room hurricane shelter, which is an alternative to the FEMA tornado Safe Room. Such a room will be able to withstand hurricane wind speeds up to 225 km/h (140 mph) and windborne debris. This study developed design and construction techniques for a more economic Retrofit Room. The retrofitting is achieved through reinforcing existing walls and roofs of typical small interior rooms with plywood sheets, steel plate anchor bolts and hurricane straps. The in-house shelter will offer significant occupant protection and reduce the demand on public shelters in the event of a Category 4 hurricane or an F2 level tornado. The average material and labor cost of a hurricane Retrofit Room is about $3,100, almost half of the typical cost for a FEMA Safe Room.
Journal Article