Explore the vast range of titles available.

Women’s contributions to science were played down for decades after Nature ’s 1869 launch, by both the journal and wider society. Women’s contributions to science were played down for decades after Nature’s 1869 launch, by both the journal and wider society. Illustration of the first admission of lady Fellows to the Linnean Society of London.

Background Career prospects in academic medicine are strongly linked to scientific authorship and this marker has been widely used as an indicator of gender equity in academia. However, direct comparisons of medical disciplines regarding their proportion of female physicians (FP) in different countries are missing. This study examines the gender parity and gender cooperation using first authorships (FA) and senior authorships (SA) of scientific publications in five medical disciplines and six different OECD countries over a 10-year time-trend. Methods Articles from three high-impact journals in each of the medical discipline radiology, urology, surgery, gynecology, and pediatrics from the years 2007/8 and 2017/18 were retrospectively reviewed. The gender and affiliation location of the FA and SA of original research articles and reviews were assigned and compared with the proportion of in each discipline for the United States of America, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. Mantel-Haenszel test and multinomial logistic regression models were used to calculate differences in proportions of women authors and FP and to assess trends and proportions of FA and SA. Results 30,803 articles were evaluated. Equally, with rising proportions of FP in all disciplines, the number of women authors increased across years. The shares of women FAs were either significantly higher (urology/surgery/gynecology) or balanced (pediatrics/radiology) compared to the proportion of FP. In contrast, the shares of women SA were balanced only in disciplines with a low proportion of FP (urology and surgery) and otherwise reduced. Women same-gender cooperation was as common as men same-gender cooperation and preferred over a women-led mixed gender cooperation in disciplines where this seemed to be practicable due to the high proportions of FP. Conclusion In contrast to FA, a significant disparity persists in SA, particularly in disciplines with a high proportion of FP. The discrepancy between FA and SA may reflect, among others, dropout from an academic career in early or mid-academic levels, for example, due to structural inequality; together with the findings on gender preference in authorship collaborations, this may inform future strategies for promoting equal career advancement for women physicians.

This article reports on an innovative life design intervention in a developing country context. A group of 31 unemployed youths were selected purposively to participate in the study. A mixed-methods design was adopted and an integrative qualitative-quantitative approach employed to construct and analyse the data. The Maree Career Matrix was used to assess participants’ career interests while the Career Interest Profile was used to elicit their career-life stories. The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale was used for pre-test and post-test assessment. The intervention prompted change in the participants’ career lives, improved their self-understanding, and broadened their career-life perspectives.

Inspired by Sen’s capability approach and the intersectional perspective, we examine how guidance professionals facilitate or hinder the conversion of resources into capabilities and functionings of marginalized students. Thematic analysis of 19 life story interviews with Indigenous female students in two Canadian universities illustrates how guidance counsellors can be facilitators for students in developing their capabilities to reach the path they envision. Conversely, they can be a hindrance by their absence or if they do not understand the realities, including systemic barriers and needs of marginalized students. Such students require sensitive proactive service delivery and interventions that address systemic barriers.

We investigated (a) the fit and structural equivalence of Holland’s model of six vocational personality types in a sample of South African men (n = 139) and women (n = 268) using the South African Career Interest Inventory, and (b) mean score differences for men and women on these types. The results supported the fit and structural similarity of Holland’s model of vocational personality types for men and women but showed that the model fit the data better for women. The largest differences in the mean scores occurred on the Realistic scale. Implications of the results are presented.

Students' persistence and success remain significant issues for universities worldwide, but Tinto (2017a; 2017b) argued that universities need to listen to perspectives of students themselves in identifying what causes them to persist and succeed. This article reports on such perspectives of Indigenous Emirati, Muslim women at one public university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data collection from original doctoral research involved an initial, customised survey completed by 22 Emirati women with subsequent interviews conducted with a further 21 female students. Data for the purpose of this article were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings are presented within Tinto's framework: goals; sense of belonging; self-efficacy; responses to curriculum; and their impact on students' motivation. Tinto's framework provides a valuable insight in understanding the women's experiences, and their statements around persistence and success have important implications for understanding women's progression in higher education in a society where male authority remains significant. [Author abstract]

We investigated South Korean workers’ reflections on career chance events in terms of types of chance occurrences and factors that influence how these are reacted to. A critical incident technique was used to collect data from 85 participants using an open-ended questionnaire. Various types of events that happened unexpectedly were identified through a two-dimensional framework: whether an event was relationship based or experienced based, and whether it occurred in personal areas or work areas. Influencing factors that affected the participants’ reactions were also categorized using a two-dimensional framework: internal or external, and facilitating or discouraging dimensions.

'Walkabout' (1934-1974) was a popular general interest magazine that enjoyed a diverse readership and had a wide circulation. Its contributors included many well-known Australian writers such as Frank Clune, Ion Idriess, Mary Durack, John K. Ewers, Ernestine Hill and Henrietta Drake-Brockman, along with a number of respected scientists and anthropologists. Its production coincided with the period in Australia during which 'the distinctive forms of mid-century middlebrow culture... emerged more clearly' (Carter, 'Mystery' 189). From its first issue Walkabout professed to have 'embarked on an educational crusade' with the aim of inspiring 'an infinitely greater knowledge and appreciation of' Australia for those within the country and beyond its shores ('Walkabout' 1.1 (1934): 7). This brief fits David Carter's definition of a middlebrow institution which is 'committed to expanding the circulation of culture and \"education\" through culture' ('Mystery' 177). While popular at the time of publication, Walkabout has since fallen into relative obscurity, and the magazine and its contributors have received little critical attention. This is changing, however, as scholars such as Sean Latham and Robert Scholes recognise the importance of 'periodicals as cultural objects,' arguing: 'if we really wish to know the past and not just a few moments preserved from it, we must study the way that art and commodity culture influenced each other... And this means exploring more fully and more intensely the fascinating world of periodicals' (519-21). Anna Johnston argues that 'writers of middlebrow fiction were crucial educators and cultural interpreters' (Johnston 2). For Mitchell Rolls, Walkabout 'was one of the cultural industries engaged in nation building' during a period of transition in Australia's history (Rolls, 'Finding Fault' 181). If, as Roslynn Haynes writes, 'we are continually creating the landscape that we \"see\"' (3), then 'Walkabout' magazine contributed to the infinite rehearsal of national identity and what it means to be at 'home' in Australia.