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Winner of the 2014 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award This book comprises contributions from a distinguished group of international researchers who examine the historical development of \"new women\" and \"good wife, wise mother,\" women's roles in socialist and transitional modernity and the transnational migration of both domestic and sex workers as well as wives.

In a developing nation like the Philippines, many mothers provide for their families by traveling to a foreign country to care for someone else’s. Families Apart focuses on Filipino overseas workers in Canada to reveal what such arrangements mean for families, documenting the difficulties of family separation and the problems that children have when reuniting with their mothers in Vancouver.

This paper explores how women workers in Bangladeshi garment factories are misrecognised and not represented in the apparel industry through focussing on two enacted collective compliance measure agreements adopted by global brands to improve safety and working conditions. Our paper draws on Amartya Sen's rights-based approach to capabilities as a means of explaining the narratives of women trade union leaders and the experiences of women factory workers' status in their workplace and in the industry. Specifically, we examine how a strategy of misrepresentation and nonrecognition of the women factory workers is being played out in the multi-stakeholder initiatives of compliance codes which leads to a lack of consideration for the basic human rights of the women workers. Our paper contributes to the discussion regarding how the politics of ethical procurement becomes visible through an exclusionary approach in managing the apparel global production network (GPN) despite the favourable consensus regarding the compliance codes.

Recent research from the gender revolution perspective suggests that men's increasing involvement in the family domain accounts for the positive association between fertility and female labor force participation in developed Western countries. However, little relevant evidence exists on their Asian counterparts, where lowest-low fertility, low levels of women's employment, and traditional family values prevail. Using the 2007, 2008, and 2010 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (N= 10,263 couple-waves), we examine how parenthood transitions affect wives' and husbands' provisions of household labor and how their employment status moderates this relationship. Focusing on comparisons between first and additional children, we estimate couple fixed-effects regressions. The dependent variables are the time that each spouse spends on household labor and the husband's share of the couple's total time spent on this labor. The key independent variables are the number of children and the number interacted with each spouse's employment status. The results show that household labor was gendered even prior to the birth of the first child. Inequality in household labor increased significantly further with first children, but not with additional children. This increase persisted regardless of women's employment status, thereby implying that first children might exacerbate the double burden on employed women. Policy lessons are drawn regarding how to raise fertility and female labor force participation in Korea and other countries where women have difficulty reconciling work and family life.

The study investigates the impact of digital banking usage on women’s economic empowerment (WEE) from a developing country stance by considering working women in formal sectors. WEE simply means providing opportunities to women to facilitate their economic decision-making. This study employed a descriptive, exploratory, and causal research design. A total of 286 responses from women working in the formal sector of Delhi-NCR were collected through self-administered questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale using non-probability quota sampling technique. The sample was controlled for the employment sector, that is, healthcare, education, and Information Technology (IT). Partial least square structural equation modelling methodology (PLS SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between the constructs. The results show that among the different determinants of WEE, digital banking usage was the strongest influencer followed by financial literacy and workplace human resource policies. Research findings indicate that, if WEE initiatives are to reach their full potential, they must individually address the context-specific influencing factors. This study offers a new framework for understanding and enhancing WEE for urban working women in India.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of demographical factors (age, education and income); psychological factors which are future time perspective (FTP) and financial risk tolerance (FRT); along with financial literacy on retirement planning among female workers in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies a quantitative approach, where primary data was acquired through online surveys to 529 workers in various locations in Indonesia. After data cleaning, the final sample size was 304. The PLS-SEM technique was utilised to assess the structural model in the study.FindingsThe results of this study show that income affects an individual's perspective towards the future. Financial literacy is confirmed to have a direct effect on retirement planning activity. Furthermore, financial literacy appears to be a significant mediator between demographical factors and FTP in affecting retirement planning. An individual's acceptance towards risk is also affected by financial literacy.Practical implicationsThe general public, especially female workers group who have no retirement funds, need to be educated on financial literacy. The government might need to encourage other parties and work together to financially educate the public, specifically regarding investments for retirement planning.Originality/valueMost previous studies on retirement planning focused on demographical factors in general, and not specifically on a certain group. Filling the gap of existing studies, this study specifically discusses retirement planning done by female workers in Indonesia. Women's role as a workforce, with their psychological conditions and financial literacy, makes for an interesting topic to be studied further in terms of retirement planning.

Differences in relative female employment by soil texture are used to explain the heterogeneous deficit of female children across districts within India. Soil texture varies exogenously and determines the depth of land tillage. Deep tillage, possible in loamy but not in clayey soil textures, reduces the demand for labor in agricultural tasks traditionally performed by women. Girls have a lower economic value where female labor opportunities are fewer. Consistently, higher relative female employment in agriculture improves the ratio of female to male children in districts that have a smaller fraction of loamy relative to clayey soils.

Using household-level data from Employment–Unemployment Survey (EUS) and Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) rounds for India between 2012 and 2019, our paper suggests that better economic conditions of households continued to be associated with higher instances of exit from the labour market for both men and women during the last decade, while, this effect was stronger for women. Enrolment in higher education during the survey rounds was associated with higher instances of exit for women from households with better economic conditions, a result not found to be significant for men. In the presence of employment benefits, the likelihood was reduced significantly for women.

This article highlights the centrality of family and gender in Chinese factories in Africa through a case study of Chinese garment production in Newcastle, South Africa. The data used in the article were collected through field research in 2015 and 2016 and several follow-up interviews in 2020 and 2021. The study presents a twofold argument. First, Chinese garment firms in Newcastle can be characterized as “translocal” family firms. Unlike Chinese state enterprises and large transnational companies, these translocal family firms represent a particular kind of private capital that prioritizes a diversified source of income and that is economically embedded but less concessionary to labour pressures. Second, the racial and class encounters between Chinese employers and African women workers are constructed and contested through gender. While Chinese employers attempt to impose racial hierarchy and increase production, Zulu women workers respond to managerial control and demands in creative and gendered ways.

In this study, we compared the association of marital satisfaction with the division of household labor in China, Japan, and Korea. Results revealed that wives’ marital satisfaction was negatively associated with their burden of housework in the three Asian countries, as generally observed in Western countries. However, there were noticeable cross-country differences. Chinese couples were relatively in favor of an egalitarian division of household labor. Japanese couples were supportive of traditional specialization, with wives flexibly shifting their efforts between work outside the house and housework. Korean couples were under pressure from conflicts between the wife’s labor force participation and the traditional division of labor. These findings underscored the importance of the socio-institutional context in the study of marital satisfaction.