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Masterminded by women, the Red Army Faction (RAF) terrorized West Germany from the 1970s to the 1990s. Afterimages of its leaders persist in the works of pivotal artists and writers, including Gerhard Richter, Elfriede Jelinek, and Slavoj iek. Why were women so prominent in the RAF? What does the continuing cultural response to the German armed struggle tell us about the representation of violence, power, and gender today? Engaging critical theory, Charity Scribner addresses these questions and analyzes signal works that point beyond militancy and terrorism. This literature and art discloses the failures of the Far Left and registers the radical potential that RAF women actually forfeited. After the Red Army Faction maps out a cultural history of militancy and introduces \"postmilitancy\" as a new critical term. As Scribner demonstrates, the most compelling examples of postmilitant culture don't just repudiate militancy: these works investigate its horizons of possibility, particularly on the front of sexual politics. Objects of analysis include as-yet untranslated essays by Theodor Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, as well as novels by Friedrich Dürrenmatt and Judith Kuckart, Johann Kresnik's Tanztheaterstück Ulrike Meinhof, and the blockbuster exhibition Regarding Terror at the Berlin Kunst-Werke. Scribner focuses on German cinema, offering incisive interpretations of films by Margarethe von Trotta, Volker Schlöndorff, and Fatih Akin, as well as the international box-office success The Baader-Meinhof Complex. These readings disclose dynamic junctures among several fields of inquiry: national and sexual identity, the disciplining of the militant body, and the relationship between mass media and the arts.

Involuntary celibates (incels) are part of the online 'manosphere' and have been widely discussed in contemporary media in recent years due to their involvement in several offline mass murders. This article presents empirical data that specifically map aspects of the incel worldview: the 'black pill'. Analysis of online discussion forums demonstrates how incels believe society is ordered through a hetero-patriarchal racial hierarchy and justify their sexlessness through beliefs rooted in biological determinism and victimisation by women and feminism. It is argued that the black pill is a disciplinary device that aids in building a digital counter-public that engenders a collective incel identity. Further, the article argues that the black pill produces a form of 'stochastic terrorism' in which users interpret its spectrum of beliefs to enact harms from online gender-based hate speech through terrorist violence in the offline world. As a point of departure, the article argues that incel counter-publics transcend the false distinctions between online and offline; both 'worlds' contribute to the (re)production of incel anti-feminism and misogyny.

Global Terrorism and New Media carefully examines the content of terrorist websites and extremist television programming to provide a comprehensive look at how terrorist groups use new media today. Based partly on a content analysis of discussion boards and forums, the authors share their findings on how terrorism 1.0 is migrating to 2.0 where the interactive nature of new media is used to build virtual organization and community. Although the creative use of social networking tools such as Facebook may advance the reach of terrorist groups, the impact of their use of new media remains uncertain. The book pays particular attention to terrorist media efforts directed at women and children, which are evidence of the long-term strategy that some terrorist organizations have adopted, and the relationship between terrorists’ media presence and actual terrorist activity. This volume also looks at the future of terrorism online and analyzes lessons learned from counterterrorism strategies. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, media and communication studies, security studies and political science. 'This book is highly recommended for students of terrorism and those who wish to expand their knowledge of publicly available extremist thought and possible solutions to its propagation.' - Maj. Charles Jack, Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism Newsletter, April-May-June 2012 'Philip Seib and Dana Janbek dissect the most dramatically changed environmental feature that today’s terrorists exploit for propaganda, recruitment, information, and the expansion of their international reach: the new global media and communication systems and how they have shaped the communication strategies of terrorist organizations, most of all Al Qaeda and like-minded groups. While an essential resource for students of terrorism and counterterrorism, the book is accessible for general readers as well. I recommend it highly .' - Brigitte Nacos, Columbia University 'This book is a must-read for scholars and students of terrorism and counterterrorism studies, media and communication studies, as well as military and government officials who have the responsibility of keeping their country safe from terrorists .' - Terrorism and Political Violence, 23(2) 'Global Terrorism and New Media is a fascinating read and of benefit to anyone involved in terror prevention, security studies, or political science. ' - Ben Rothke, Security Management 'The strength of this book lies in its thorough analysis, description, and examples to support its claims. The authors do an excellent job of providing a \"no non-sense\" interpretation of the concept of contemporary terrorism [...] This book is a must read for scholars and students of terrorism and counterterrorism studies, media and communication studies, as well as military and government officials who have the responsibility of keeping their country safe from terrorists.' - Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 23 , Issue 2 April 2011 , 314 ' Global Terrorism and New Media is a fascinating read and of benefit to anyone involved in terror prevention, security studies, or political science.' - Ben Rothke, Security Management online \"A comprehensive account of how terrorist groups use the Internet’s new media by examining the content of their websites, including their extremist television programs.\" - Joshua Sinai, ‘Terrorism Bookshelf: Top 150 Books on Terrorism and Counterterrorism’, Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2012) 1. Communicating Terror 2. High Tech Terror: Al Qaeda and Beyond 3. Terrorists’ Online Strategies 4. Targeting the Young 5. Women and Terrorism 6. Terrorism’s Online Future 7. Responding to Terrorism Philip Seib is Professor of Journalism and Public Diplomacy, Professor of International Relations, and Director of the Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California. Dana Janbek is Assistant Professor at the Department of Communications at Lasell College.

Objective. The ways in which women terrorists are represented by the media and studied by law enforcement and academic institutes is the subject of this essay. Method. The author reviews academic studies, government and nonprofit agency studies, and media characterizations. Results. This review illustrates a disconnect between women’s roles and the way their actions are represented by the media and studied by academics and law enforcement agencies.

It was truly amazing to see the joy and celebration surrounding the release of three Israeli hostages, who were released in January as part of a prisoner exchange/ceasefire agreement. They appeared to be well-fed and in good condition, though Kuttab is sure the psychological scars of their captivity will be with them for a long time. But what of the Palestinian prisoners? Ninety of them, all women and children, were released the same day. But many did not see them in mainstream media outlets or know of their ordeals and the agony they experienced, nor did they witness the celebrations of their families. In fact, Israel prohibited any public celebrations or expressions of joy to be made within its borders for their release. The police even visited the East Jerusalem families of released prisoners specifically to remind them of this law. The Israeli narrative is that Palestinian prisoners are \"terrorists and hardened Hamas criminals\" who will probably just be hunted down and rearrested or assassinated once Israel gets back all of its hostages--as some Israeli officials have declared in the Hebrew news media.

Many scholars argue that the image of Arabs in Hollywood has always been tainted by prejudice and stereotyping. However, little attention is paid to women's representation in general or the influence of 9/11 on that representation. This paper compares portrayals of Arab women in popular Hollywood films before and after 9/11. A purposive sample of 76 Arab female characters from 40 popular Hollywood films is used to conduct a content analysis, comparing portrayals in films released before and after 9/11. Popular Hollywood films are defined as films with at least 50,000 reviews that score seven or more on the International Movie Database (IMDB). The results show that Arab women's representation lacks diversity and Arab women remain unidentified in Hollywood films. Arab women's portrayal shifts from one of the magical or sexualized characters to one of the violent terrorists. Despite the overall increase in the amount of violence depicted after 9/11, there is a shift in favor of the portrayal of Arab women, with more depicted as good or pure after 9/11. Finally, the results show that the morality of Arab female characters improves, with more characters depicted as evaluating options and making their own decisions.

This study is part of a project on the representations of Jordanian women in Arabic and English digital news, and how these relate to their perceived status in their society and to Arab women's general image in Western media. We focus on their depictions in related news stories appearing in English during the period 2014-2016 and how they compare to the overall representations of Arab women in news discourse. To this end, we combine discourse analysis approaches and corpus linguistic techniques to analyse a corpus composed of 616 articles (445,904 words) published in English mainly by 10 news websites based in several countries. We processed our data through Sketch Engine to identify the significant lexical items and expressions used by journalists to describe Jordanian women, then we classified these according to the topical frames they reflect. Finally, we related these themes to both the established stereotypes and the recent images associated with Arab women in Western media. Our results show that the most frequent topics linked to Jordanian women are: empowerment and activism, rights, oppression, work, education, family, marriage, religion and traditions. Most of these echo, in various degrees, both the conventional portrayals of Arab women in the mainstream media as oppressed victims of their societies and their emerging as protesters and fighters for their rights. Yet, these themes are addressed in different tones when it comes to Jordanian women such that religion and dress restrictions are deemphasized while rights, education, and participation in public life are highlighted. Still, some topical frames are underscored as being specifically associated with Jordanian women reflecting their particular achievements, especially, in education and working in non-traditional jobs, on the one hand, and their continuous struggle to gain more constitutional rights, on the other. While our findings shed light on sketching Jordanian women in global news, they provide further discursive evidence against the monolithic representation of Arab women in Western media.

Epic Encounters examines how popular culture has shaped the ways Americans define their \"interests\" in the Middle East. In this innovative book—now brought up-to-date to include 9/11 and the Iraq war—Melani McAlister argues that U.S. foreign policy, while grounded in material and military realities, is also developed in a cultural context. American understandings of the region are framed by narratives that draw on religious belief, news media accounts, and popular culture. This remarkable and pathbreaking book skillfully weaves lively and accessible readings of film, media, and music with a rigorous analysis of U.S. foreign policy, race politics, and religious history. The new chapter, titled \"9/11 and After: Snapshots on the Road to Empire,\" considers and brilliantly analyzes five images that have become iconic: (1) New York City firemen raising the American flag out of the rubble of the World Trade Center, (2) the televised image of Osama bin-Laden, (3) Afghani women in burqas, (4) the statue of Saddam Hussein being toppled in Baghdad, and (5) the hooded and wired prisoner in Abu Ghraib. McAlister's singular achievement is to illuminate the contexts of these five images both at the time they were taken and as they relate to current events, an accomplishment all the more remarkable since—to paraphrase her new preface—we are today struggling to look backward at something that is still rushing ahead.

The 'sacrificial attacks' in Jerusalem and throughout all of Israel, from July 2014 until August 2015, were the promo of the full-scale knife-attack that started from October 2015 until now. The uniqueness of this wave of terror is its length - over a year - and its use of the old-new 'white weapons' which, since October 2015, has included women and children. This research answers how and why these lone-wolf attacks started. The 'lone-wolf' attacks, as nicknamed in the Israeli and worldwide press, are, in reality, a continuation of the organized terror activities of the Palestinian liberation organizations especially the Islamic Jihad and Hamas. This is not a popular intifada drawing the masses, nor an armed intifada, but a wave of terror that includes a large number of initiated attacks by known anti-Israel Palestinians connected to terrorist organizations by their past activities or through relatives (prisoners or martyrs) or inspired by the Internet sites and social media. The Palestinian liberation organizations are all protecting al-Aqsa and supporting, without any restrictions, a continuation of the attacks against Israeli targets in Jerusalem and competing with each other.