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Suffering For Science
From gruesome self-experimentation to exhausting theoretical calculations, stories abound of scientists willfully surrendering health, well-being, and personal interests for the sake of their work. What accounts for the prevalence of this coupling of knowledge and pain-and for the peculiar assumption that science requires such suffering? In this lucid and absorbing history, Rebecca M. Herzig explores the rise of an ethic of \"self-sacrifice\" in American science. Delving into some of the more bewildering practices of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, she describes when and how science-the supposed standard of all things judicious and disinterested-came to rely on an enthralled investigator willing to embrace toil, danger, and even lethal dismemberment. With attention to shifting racial, sexual, and transnational politics, Herzig examines the suffering scientist as a way to understand the rapid transformation of American life between the Civil War and World War I.Suffering for Science reveals more than the passion evident in many scientific vocations; it also illuminates a nation's changing understandings of the purposes of suffering, the limits of reason, and the nature of freedom in the aftermath of slavery.
eBook
The Victorian novel, service work, and the nineteenth-century economy
\"The Victorian Novel, Service Work, and the Nineteenth-Century Economy offers a much-needed study of the novel's role in representing and shaping the nineteenth-century service sector. Arguing that prior accounts of the novel's relation to the rise of finance have missed the emergence of a wider service sector, Gooch traces the effects of service work's many forms and class positions in the Victorian novel. The novel registers the Victorian era's changing economic circumstances and political economy's increasingly fraught understanding of unproductive labour through its own work of narration, characterization, and plotting, and, in the process, comes to reimagine what it means to be employed and to see oneself as an employee. Novels by George Eliot, Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, Anthony Trollope, and Bram Stoker uncover the cultural, social, and affective experiences that inform these new experiences of work, from their revolutionary potential to their new forms of discipline. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Measuring Happiness
Can money buy happiness? Is income a reliable measure for life satisfaction? In the West after World War II, happiness seemed inextricably connected to prosperity. Beginning in the 1960s, however, other values began to gain ground: peace, political participation, civil rights, environmentalism. \"Happiness economics\" -- a somewhat incongruous-sounding branch of what has been called \"the dismal science\" -- has taken up the puzzle of what makes people happy, conducting elaborate surveys in which people are asked to quantify their satisfaction with \"life in general.\" In this book, three economists explore the happiness-prosperity connection, investigating how economists measure life satisfaction and well-being.The authors examine the evolution of happiness research, considering the famous \"Easterlin Paradox,\" which found that people's average life satisfaction didn't seem to depend on their income. But they question whether happiness research can measure what needs to be measured. They argue that we should not assess people's well-being on a \"happiness scale,\" because that necessarily obscures true social progress. Instead, rising income should be understood as increasing opportunities and alleviating scarcity. Economic growth helps societies to sustain freedom and to finance social welfare programs. In this respect, high income may not buy happiness with life in general, but it gives individuals the opportunity to be healthier, better educated, better clothed, and better fed, to live longer, and to live well.
eBook
Cultural Heritage and Prisoners of War
This book focuses on the numerous examples of creativity produced by POWs and civilian internees during their captivity, including: paintings, cartoons, craftwork, needlework, acting, musical compositions, magazine and newspaper articles, wood carving, and recycled Red Cross tins turned into plates, mugs and makeshift stoves, all which have previously received little attention. The authors of this volume show the wide potential of such items to inform us about the daily life and struggle for survival behind barbed wire. Previously dismissed as items which could only serve to illustrate POW memoirs and diaries, this book argues for a central role of all items of creativity in helping us to understand the true experience of life in captivity. The international authors draw upon a rich seam of material from their own case studies of POW and civilian internment camps across the world, to offer a range of interpretations of this diverse and extraordinary material.
eBook
Talking prices
How do dealers price contemporary art in a world where objective criteria seem absent?Talking Pricesis the first book to examine this question from a sociological perspective. On the basis of a wide range of qualitative and quantitative data, including interviews with art dealers in New York and Amsterdam, Olav Velthuis shows how contemporary art galleries juggle the contradictory logics of art and economics. In doing so, they rely on a highly ritualized business repertoire. For instance, a sharp distinction between a gallery's museumlike front space and its businesslike back space safeguards the separation of art from commerce.
Velthuis shows that prices, far from being abstract numbers, convey rich meanings to trading partners that extend well beyond the works of art. A high price may indicate not only the quality of a work but also the identity of collectors who bought it before the artist's reputation was established. Such meanings are far from unequivocal. For some, a high price may be a symbol of status; for others, it is a symbol of fraud.
Whereas sociological thought has long viewed prices as reducing qualities to quantities, this pathbreaking and engagingly written book reveals the rich world behind these numerical values. Art dealers distinguish different types of prices and attach moral significance to them. Thus the price mechanism constitutes a symbolic system akin to language.
eBook
Influencing factors on the psychosomatic health of medical staff since the normalized stage of COVID-19 in mainland China
Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there were under-recognized and unaddressed psychosomatic health problems among medical staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate their psychosomatic status.
Methods
An online questionnaire was performed to the medical staff of major hospitals in Jinan in January 2023. In total, 1244 valid questionnaires were collected, and their psychosomatic status was assessed by the Psychosomatic Symptom Scale (PSSS) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Finally, we analyzed the influencing factors for their psychosomatic status.
Results
The psychological health of the medical staff was poor, and the level of stress perception was intense, accompanied by obvious psychosomatic symptoms. Regression analysis indicated that age, gender, frontline involvement, work experience, marriage, presence of disease history and COVID-19 infection history were risk factors for psychosomatic symptoms, while education, frontline involvement and presence of disease history were risk factors for stress feeling.
Conclusion
Medical staff often showed obvious psychosomatic symptoms and intense stress. Psychological health education and intervention should be given in order to improve their working quality.
Journal Article
What Work Means
What Work Means goes beyond
the stereotypes and captures the diverse ways Americans view work
as a part of a good life. Dispelling the notion of
Americans as mere workaholics, Claudia Strauss presents a more
nuanced perspective. While some live to work, others prefer a
diligent 9-to-5 work ethic that is conscientious but preserves time
for other interests. Her participants often enjoyed their jobs
without making work the focus of their life. These findings
challenge laborist views of waged work as central to a good life as
well as post-work theories that treat work solely as exploitative
and soul-crushing.
Drawing upon the evocative stories of unemployed Americans from
a wide range of occupations, from day laborers to corporate
managers, both immigrant and native-born, Strauss explores how
diverse Americans think about the place of work in a good life,
gendered meanings of breadwinning, accepting financial support from
family, friends, and the state, and what the ever-elusive American
dream means to them. By considering how post-Fordist unemployment
experiences diverge from joblessness earlier, What Work
Means paves the way for a historically and culturally informed
discussion of work meanings in a future of teleworking, greater
automation, and increasing nonstandard employment.
eBook
The Culture of the New Capitalism
The distinguished sociologist Richard Sennett surveys major differences between earlier forms of industrial capitalism and the more global, more febrile, ever more mutable version of capitalism that is taking its place. He shows how these changes affect everyday life-how the work ethic is changing; how new beliefs about merit and talent displace old values of craftsmanship and achievement; how what Sennett calls \"the specter of uselessness\" haunts professionals as well as manual workers; how the boundary between consumption and politics is dissolving.
In recent years, reformers of both private and public institutions have preached that flexible, global corporations provide a model of freedom for individuals, unlike the experience of fixed and static bureaucracies Max Weber once called an \"iron cage.\" Sennett argues that, in banishing old ills, the new-economy model has created new social and emotional traumas. Only a certain kind of human being can prosper in unstable, fragmentary institutions: the culture of the new capitalism demands an ideal self oriented to the short term, focused on potential ability rather than accomplishment, willing to discount or abandon past experience. In a concluding section, Sennett examines a more durable form of self hood, and what practical initiatives could counter the pernicious effects of \"reform.\"
eBook