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Development and Validation of a Quantitative Measure of Intensive Parenting Attitudes
Intensive mothering (IM) attitudes have been considered the dominant discourse of motherhood, but have only been assessed qualitatively The goal of this study was to develop a quantitative scale to assess these ideologies, their construct validity, and their relationship to relevant constructs (i.e., work status and division of household labor). An on-line questionnaire was given to 595 mothers asking 56 questions assessing different aspects of IM attitudes as well as several validation measures. An Exploratory Factor Analysis on 315 randomly selected mothers yielded a 5 factor solution. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the remaining 280 mothers demonstrated good fit. The five factors expressed the ideas that (1) women are inherently better at parenting than men (Essentialism), (2) parenting should be fulfilling (Fulfillment), (3) children should be cognitively stimulated by parents (Stimulation), (4) mothering is difficult (Challenging), and (5) parents should prioritize the needs of the child (Child-Centered). Scales had adequate reliability and construct validity compared to the Parental Investment in the Child questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, and Beliefs about Maternal Employment. The Essentialism, Fulfillment, and Challenging scales were positively related to having more responsibility for child care and household chores. Stay-at-home mothers had higher scores on Essentialism and lower scores on Stimulation than both part-time and full-time working mothers supporting the notion that both working and non-working mothers have intensive parenting ideologies that are manifested in different ways.
Journal Article
Predictors of Functional Improvement and Future Work Status After the Disability Benefit Claim: A Prospective Cohort Study
Objective
In most industrialized countries, disability benefit rates have increased substantially in the past decade. Few beneficiaries return into employment once disability benefit is awarded. The present study aims to investigate which factors predict functional improvement and future work status among persons claiming disability benefit after having been on long-term sickness leave.
Methods
Prospective cohort study with 1 year follow-up among disability claimants (n = 375; response rate: 24.3 %) conducted in the Netherlands (October 2008–April 2011). Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between predictors [demographics; outcomes of the 12-item
General Health Questionnaire
(GHQ-12); 10-item
Kessler Psychological Distress scale
;
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
;
Trimbos/iMTA questionnaire for Costs associated with Psychiatric Illness
;
Utrecht Coping List
;
Social Support Questionnaire for Transactions and Satisfaction
; certified International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) diagnosis; loss of earning capacity (LEC)] and outcomes [functional improvement on the
World Health Organization Disability Schedule 2.0
(WHODAS 2.0) exceeding the standard error of measurement; work status at follow-up].
Results
Functional improvement on total WHODAS was reported by 84 (31.9 % of 263 claimants included in analysis). Of those not having work at baseline (n = 338), 34 (9.1 %) respondents had paid work 1 year later. Predictors of functional improvement: GHQ-12 sum score >20 [odds ratios (OR) 2.9; 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 1.54–5.34]; of future work status: work status at baseline (OR 16.8; 95 % CI 6.55–43.14), LEC < 80 % (OR 4.6; 95 % CI 1.87–11.42), contact with a medical specialist (OR 0.4; 95 % CI 0.19–0.87).
Conclusions
Only a limited number of factors were found to significantly predict functional improvement and return to paid work after the disability benefit claim, having paid work at baseline being by far the most important factor.
Journal Article
Becoming an informal care-giver: the role of work status incongruence
The ageing of the workforce suggests that many older adults will be combining work and care. While there is extensive evidence for the impact of informal care-giving on paid employment, there is less research on how work status may influence the provision of informal care. It has also yet to be established whether work preferences may influence the uptake of care-giving responsibilities, particularly for older workers. We investigated the impact of work status congruence on taking up informal care at two-year follow-up. A sample of 1,211 employed participants aged 55–70 years was surveyed over two consecutive waves. Involuntary part-time workers were more likely to provide care at Time 1 than involuntary full-timers, voluntary part-timers and voluntary full-timers. Participants were more likely to take up care if the opportunity costs of doing so were low, however, only for those whose preferences for more work were not met. There were no moderating effects of gender and economic living standards on the relationship between work status incongruence and provision of care-giving. Understanding the decision-making processes older workers undertake when taking up informal care are complex and must consider the influence of personal work preferences. These findings have implications for care and work-based policy given the importance of informal care in sustaining ageing-in-place policies.
Journal Article
Social work on trial : the Colwell inquiry and the state of welfare
The public inquiry that followed the death of Maria Colwell had profound implications for the developing profession and practice of social work in the UK. This book describes both the local and national politics, professional concerns and public interest that surrounded the inquiry and its aftermath.
Book
The prevalence and determinants of return to work in head and neck cancer survivors
PurposeTo determine the prevalence of and factors associated with the reduction or complete cessation of employment following treatment in head and neck cancer survivors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among head and neck cancer survivors visiting outpatient clinics at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre over a period of 18 months. Participants at any point along their survivorship course completed a survey that included demographic information, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Work Status Questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck (FACT-HN), the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory–Head and Neck (MDASI-HN), the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs Measure (CaSUN), and the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L utility scale.ResultsAmong 130 participants, 64 were employed at diagnosis. At the time of study, 31 (48%) had reduced their work, among whom, 21 (32.8%) had not returned to work at all following treatment. Pre-treatment employment status, cancer-related symptoms, quality of life, and health utility were associated with employment outcomes.ConclusionA high proportion of head and neck cancer survivors reduced their work capacity and many did not return following cancer treatment. Further research is needed to understand the barriers to work return in these survivors and to explore strategies to encourage resumption of employment and employment satisfaction.
Journal Article
Traumatic divorce and separation : the impact of domestic violence and substance abuse in custody and divorce
\" ... integrates the conflicting mental health perspectives concerning trauma theory and the study of divorce, in what the author has termed \"traumatic divorce\" -- that is, divorce complicated by the high-risk factors of domestic violence, mental illness, and/or substance abuse ... examines issues of financial disparities for women following divorce, traumatic symptoms in children and adults, and the legal controversies about the admissibility of psychological theories related to abuse. The author also addresses domestic violence as a gendered crime against women; the need for a trauma-informed judicial response\" -- Page four of cover.
Book
Validity of self-reported night shift work among women with and without breast cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the validity of self-reported information on ever-night shift work among women with and without breast cancer and illustrate the consequences for breast cancer risk estimates. METHODS: During 2015–2016, 225 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 1800 matched controls without breast cancer employed within the Danish hospital regions during 2007–2016 participated in a questionnaire-based survey. Their reported night shift work status was linked with objective payroll register day-by-day working hour data from the Danish Working Hour Database and the Danish Cancer Registry. For the breast cancer patients and their matched controls, we estimated sensitivity and specificity for ever-working night shifts using the payroll data as the gold standard. We also used quantitative bias analysis to estimate the impact on relative risk estimates for a hypothetical population. RESULTS: For breast cancer patients, we observed a sensitivity of ever-night shifts of 86.2% and a specificity of never-night shifts of 82.6%. For controls, the sensitivity was 80.6% and the specificity 83.7%. Odds ratio for breast cancer in a hypothetical population decreased from 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.21] to 1.05 (95% CI 0.95–1.16) when corrected by the sensitivity and specificity estimates. CONCLUSION: This study shows that female breast cancer patients had slightly better recall of previous night shift work than controls. Additionally, both breast cancer patients and controls recalled previous never-night shift work with low specificity. The net effect of this misclassification is a small over-estimation of the relative breast cancer risk due to night shift work.
Journal Article