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Working lives : essays in Canadian working-class history
\"Craig Heron is one of Canada's leading labour historians. Drawing together fifteen of Heron's new and previously published essays on working-class life in Canada, Working Lives covers a wide range of issues within working-class life, including politics, culture, gender, wage-earning and union organization. A timely contribution to the evolving field of labour in Canada, this cohesive collection of essays analyzes the daily experiences of people working across Canada over more than two hundred years. Honest in its depictions of the historical complexities of daily life, Working Lives raises issues in the writing of Canadian working-class history, especially 'working-class realism,' and how it is eventually inscribed into Canada's public history. Thoughtfully reflecting on the ways in which workers interact with the past, Heron discusses the important role historians and museums play in remembering the adversity and milestones experienced by Canada's working class.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
How effective are organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment, health, and retention of workers? A systematic overview of systematic reviews
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment and workers’ health and retention. METHODS: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews on organizational-level interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We systematically searched academic databases, screened reference lists, and contacted experts, yielding 27 736 records. Of the 76 eligible reviews, 24 of weak quality were excluded, yielding 52 reviews of moderate (N=32) or strong (N=20) quality, covering 957 primary studies. We assessed quality of evidence based on quality of review, consistency of results, and proportion of controlled studies. RESULTS: Of the 52 reviews, 30 studied a specific intervention approach and 22 specific outcomes. Regarding intervention approaches, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions focusing on “changes in working time arrangements” and moderate quality of evidence for “influence on work tasks or work organization”, “health care approach changes”, and “improvements of the psychosocial work environment”. Regarding outcomes, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions about “burnout” and moderate quality evidence for “various health and wellbeing outcomes”. For all other types of interventions, quality of evidence was either low or inconclusive, including interventions on retention. CONCLUSIONS: This overview of reviews identified strong or moderate quality of evidence for the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions for four specific intervention approaches and two health outcomes. This suggests that the work environment and the health of employees can be improved by certain organizational-level interventions. We need more research, especially about implementation and context, to improve the evidence.
Journal Article
Precarious employment in occupational health – an OMEGA-NET working group position paper
Objectives The aims of this position paper are to (i) summarize research on precarious employment (PE) in the context of occupational health; (ii) develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes PE from related concepts and delineates important contextual factors; and (iii) identify key methodological challenges and directions for future research on PE and health. Methods This position paper is the result of a working group consisting of researchers from the EU, Turkey and the USA, who have discussed the issue over the course of six months (October 2018-April 2019), meeting both online and face-to-face on several occasions. Results The lack of a common theoretical framework of PE hinders it from becoming an established part of occupational and public health research. There are also issues regarding operationalization in surveys and registers. Further, previous research on PE and health suffers from methodological limitations including inadequate study designs and biased assessments of exposure and outcomes. PE is highly dependent on contextual factors and cross-country comparison has proven very difficult. We also point to the uneven social distribution of PE, ie, higher prevalence among women, immigrants, young and low educated. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding precarious employment as a multidimensional construct. Conclusions A generally accepted multidimensional definition of PE should be the highest priority. Future studies would benefit from improved exposure assessment, temporal resolution, and accounting for confounders, as well as testing possible mechanisms, eg, by adopting multi-level and intersectional analytical approaches in order to understand the complexity of PE and its relation to health.
Journal Article
Tool remaining useful life prediction method based on LSTM under variable working conditions
Tool remaining useful life prediction is important to guarantee processing quality and efficient continuous production. Tool wear is directly related to the working conditions, showing a complex correlation and timing correlation, which makes it difficult to predict the tool remaining useful life under variable conditions. In this paper, we seek to overcome this challenge. First, we establish the unified representation of the working condition, then extract the wear characteristics from the processing signal. The extracted wear features and corresponding working conditions are combined into an input matrix for predicting tool wear. Based on this, the complex spatio-temporal relationship under variable working conditions is captured. Finally, using the unique advantages of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to solve complex correlation and memory accumulation effects, the tool remaining useful life prediction model under variable working conditions is established. An experiment illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Journal Article
Underdogs : the truth about Britain's white working class
Who are the white working class and why are they so misunderstood? Economist journalist Joel Budd has spent five years investigating their stories. This is what they have to say.
BOOK
New Model for Measuring Job Quality
This article deals with the development of a new model for measuring job quality based on the intrinsic components of work, an European Intrinsic Job Quality Index. The objective is measure job quality on the basis of the characteristics inherent to the labour activity itself, and not from its financial rewards. First, we review the existing literature on current measurement models and justify the need for an index of this nature. Secondly, we explain the fundamental methodological decisions adopted for the construction of the index, and present the descriptive model, the indicators that make up each dimension, and the empirical model. Finally, we present the index scores by European Union countries within the framework of institutional theories. In this work, we have used a quantitative methodology, based on social indicator systems, and it has been carried out mainly with data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). The fundamental contribution of this article is the construction of a new model for measuring the quality of work, robust, valid and reliable, which will allow us to monitor the intrinsic job quality of the member countries, and thus provide relevant information that contributes to the framework of public policies.
Journal Article
Working on earth : class and environmental justice
\"Working on Earth: Class and Environmental Justice is a collection of scholarly essays that examine the relationship between the exploitation of the working-class and environment injustices in the US and Canada. These scholars, from the fields of environmental humanities and environmental social sciences, seek to assess the current unprecedented rates of environmental degradation, expanding economic inequality, and wide-spread social injustice. Without dividing worker from wilderness, or labor from landscape, they present solutions to the global climate crisis. Ultimately, this book advances the idea of a working-class ecology that must be an integral part of achieving just and sustainable human development\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A new model for bearing fault diagnosis based on optimized variational mode decomposition correlation coefficient weight threshold denoising and entropy feature fusion
For the bearing fault diagnosis in small sample cases, a new model for signal denoising and entropy feature fusion (EFF) based on the wild horse optimizer (WHO) optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) and correlation coefficient weight threshold (CCWT) is proposed (WHO–VMD–CCWT–EFF). For signal denoising, we first take the power spectrum entropy as the fitness function, and the WHO is used to optimize VMD parameters. Secondly, IMFs with correlation coefficient values less than 0.2 are removed and the correlation coefficient values as weights are applied to the corresponding IMF components, and then reconstruct them. Then, the refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (RCMDE), refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (RCMFDE), refined composite multivariate generalized multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCmvMFE), refined composite multivariate generalized multiscale sample entropy (RCmvMSE), and multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) of the signal are calculated and fused. Finally, the Fisher discriminant classifier is used as the model for fault diagnosis. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of over 99% in 12 single working conditions and 30 multiple working conditions experiments using the case western reserve university (CWRU) dataset and the Paderborn dataset. Compared with existing feature fusion methods, the WHO–VMD–CCWT–EFF model only integrates five selected features, and can achieve accurate diagnosis of bearing faults in small sample experiments with 42 different artificial and real damages. This indicates that the model has good generalization ability between different datasets and working conditions.
Journal Article