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"World Views"
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The humble cosmopolitan : rights, diversity, and trans-state democracy
\"Cosmopolitanism is said by many critics to be arrogant. In emphasizing universal principles and granting no fundamental moral significance to national or other group belonging, it wrongly treats those making non-universalist claims as not authorized to speak, while treating those in non-Western societies as not qualified. This book works to address such objections. It does so in part by engaging the work of B.R. Ambedkar, architect of India's 1950 Constitution and revered champion of the country's Dalits (formerly \"untouchables\"). Ambedkar cited universal principles of equality and rights in confronting domestic exclusions and the \"arrogance\" of caste. He sought to advance forms of political humility, or the affirmation of equal standing within political institutions and openness to input and challenge within them. This book examines how an \"institutional global citizenship\" approach to cosmopolitanism could similarly advance political humility, in supporting the development of input and challenge mechanisms beyond the state. It employs a grounded normative theory method, taking insights for the model from field research among Dalit activists pressing for domestic reforms through the UN human rights regime, and from their critics in the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. Insights also are taken from Turkish protesters challenging a rising domestic authoritarianism, and from UK Independence Party members demanding \"Brexit\" from the European Union-in part because of possibilities that predominantly Muslim Turkey will join. Overall, it is shown, an appropriately configured institutional cosmopolitanism should orient fundamentally to political humility rather than arrogance, while holding significant potential for advancing global rights protections and more equitable rights specifications\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Generative AI’s environmental costs are soaring — and mostly secret
First-of-its-kind US bill would address the environmental costs of the technology, but there’s a long way to go.
First-of-its-kind US bill would address the environmental costs of the technology, but there’s a long way to go.
Journal Article
From Huntington to Trump : thirty years of the clash of civilizations
\"From Huntington to Trump argues that the \"clash of civilizations,\" an idea first raised three decades ago by Bernard Lewis and endorsed by the late American political scientist Samuel Huntington, has created a template for understanding the world which has been adopted by both the United Nations and right-wing populist politicians in Europe and the United States of America. Haynes traces the development of the \"clash of civilizations\" from the colonial period through the end of the Cold War and 9/11 and analyzes its effects on society\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Disinformation’s spread: bots, trolls and all of us
Misconceptions about disinformation leave us vulnerable to manipulation online, says Kate Starbird.
Misconceptions about disinformation leave us vulnerable to manipulation online, says Kate Starbird.
Journal Article
Reform retractions to make them more transparent
The scientific community should agree on the essential information to be provided when pulling a paper from the scientific literature.
The scientific community should agree on the essential information to be provided when pulling a paper from the scientific literature.
\"Retractions are not intrinsically bad: they are a practical way to correct for human fallibility.\"
Journal Article
Duty to dissent : Henri Bourassa and the First World War
\"During the First World War, Henri Bourassa - fierce Canadian nationalist, politician, and journalist from Quebec - took centre stage in in the national debates on Canada's participation in the war, its imperial ties to Britain, and Canada's place in the world. In Duty to Dissent, Geoff Keelan draws upon Bourassa's voluminous editorials in Le Devoir, the newspaper Bourassa founded in 1910, to trace his evolving perspective on the war's meaning and consequences. What emerges is not a simplistic sketch of a local journalist engaged in national debates, as most English Canadians know him, but a fully rendered portrait of a Canadian looking out at the world. Bourassa used Le Devoir to express his opposition to Prime Minister Robert Borden's handling of the war, yet he also warned of alarming transformations in all of the nations at war, such as the growth of militarism, the failure of democracy, and the dangers of total war at home and abroad. By situating Bourassa within a larger panorama that connects him to prominent war resisters from around the world, Keelan offers fresh insight into one of Canada's most influential historical figures, reshaping our understanding of why Quebec's position on the Great War differed so radically from the rest of Canada.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Multi-Perspective Reflection on How Indigenous Knowledge and Related Ideas Can Improve Science Education for Sustainability
Indigenous knowledge provides specific views of the world held by various indigenous peoples. It offers different views on nature and science that generally differ from traditional Western science. Futhermore, it introduces different perspectives on nature and the human in nature. Coming basically from a Western perspective on nature and science, the paper analyzes the literature in science education focusing on research and practices of integrating indigenous knowledge with science education. The paper suggests Didaktik models and frameworks for how to elaborate on and design science education for sustainability that takes indigenous knowledge and related non-Western and alternative Western ideas into consideration. To do so, indigenous knowledge is contextualized with regards to related terms (e.g., ethnoscience), and with Eastern perspectives (e.g., Buddhism), and alternative Western thinking (e.g., post-human Bildung). This critical review provides justification for a stronger reflection about how to include views, aspects, and practices from indigenous communities into science teaching and learning. It also suggests that indigenous knowledge offers rich and authentic contexts for science learning. At the same time, it provides chances to reflect views on nature and science in contemporary (Western) science education for contributing to the development of more balanced and holistic worldviews, intercultural understanding, and sustainability.
Journal Article
AI in medicine must be explainable
AI algorithms used for diagnosis and prognosis must be explainable and must not rely on a black box.
Journal Article