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A few years after the Nazis came to power in Germany, an alliance of states and nationalistic movements formed, revolving around the German axis. That alliance, the states involved, and the interplay between their territorial aims and those of Germany during the interwar period and World War II are at the core of this volume. This \"territorial revisionism\" came to include all manner of politics and military measures that attempted to change existing borders. Taking into account not just interethnic relations but also the motivations of states and nationalizing ethnocratic ruling elites, this volume reconceptualizes the history of East Central Europe during World War II. In so doing, it presents a clearer understanding of some of the central topics in the history of the War itself and offers an alternative to standard German accounts of the period 1933-1945 and East European nation-states' histories.

Europe on Trial explores the history of collaboration, retribution, and resistance during World War II. These three themes are examined through the experiences of people and countries under German occupation, as well as Soviet, Italian, and other military rule. Those under foreign rule faced innumerable moral and ethical dilemmas, including the question of whether to cooperate with their occupiers, try to survive the war without any political involvement, or risk their lives by becoming resisters. Many chose all three, depending on wartime conditions. Following the brutal war, the author discusses the purges of real or alleged war criminals and collaborators, through various acts of violence, deportations, and judicial proceedings at the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal as well as in thousands of local courts. Europe on Trial helps us to understand the many moral consequences both during and immediately following World War II. Introduction 1 From Brutality to International Conventions to Renewed Brutality: Foreign Occupations in European History 2 Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland: The First German Conquests A Perfect Union Without Firing a Shot To the Last Bullet 3 Defeat and Submission: Europe's Honeymoon with Hitler, 1939-1941 Toward a \"Great Germanic\" Brotherhood? The Belgians and the French under German Rule Cozy Islanders The Pitfalls of Collaboration in the Balkans 4 The Invasion of the Soviet Union and East European Collaboration Caught Between Two Giants The Worst Place to Be: Ukraine during the War Toward a Turning Point in the Conflict 5 Germany's Many Allies: A Blessing or a Curse? The Allies of Germany and the \"Final Solution\" Mutual Jealousies and Suspicions Ethnic Cleansing Hitler's \"Strong-Man\" Allies 6 The Beginnings of German Decline: The Growth and Many Dilemmas of the Resistance Movements Life and Death in the Resistance The Resistance Press and Radio The Special Operations Executive (SOE) Resistance in the Countries Expecting British and American Liberation Helping Jews 7 Resistance and Civil War in Eastern, Southern, and Southeastern Europe The East European Tragedy Poland: An Extraordinary Case Polish and Jewish Resistance: A Difficult Relationship Resistance in the German-Occupied Parts of the Soviet Union Resistance and Chaos in the Balkans The Gorgopotamos Saga Slovakia and Transylvania 8 Freedom Fighters or Terrorists: Case Studies of Resistance and Reprisal The Via Rasella and the Ardeatine Cave The Oradour Tragedy Revenge and Ethnic Cleansing at Novi Sad 9 The End of the War, the Apparent Triumph of the Resistance Movements, and the First Retributions The End in Germany The Legacy of the German Resistance The End in the East 10 Purging Hitler's Europe The Road to Nuremberg and to the National Court Trials Justice and Injustice at Nuremberg Justice and Injustice in the National Courts of Justice 11 The Long Aftermath of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution The Cold War and the Suspension of Retributions Renewed Attempts at Reprisals Epilogue Suggestions for Further Study

This biography tells the story of André and Magda Trocmé, two individuals who made nonviolence a way of life. During World War II, the southern French town of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon and its surrounding villages became a center where Jews and others in flight from Nazi roundups could be hidden or led abroad, and where children with parents in concentration camps could be nurtured and educated. The Trocmés' courage during World War II has been well documented in books and film, yet the full arc of their lives—the impulse that led them to devote themselves to nonviolence and their extensive work in the decades following the war—has never been compiled into a full-length biography. Based on the Trocmés' unpublished memoirs, interviews, and the author's research, the book details the couple's role in the history of pacifism before, during, and after the war. Unsworth traces their mission of building peace by nonviolence throughout Europe to Morocco, Algeria, Japan, Vietnam, and the United States. Analyzing the political and religious complexities of the pacifist movement, the author underscores the Trocmés' deeply personal commitment. Regardless of which nation was condoning violence, shaping international relations, or pressing for peace, and regardless of whose theology dominated the pulpits, both André and Magda remained driven by conscience to make nonviolence the hallmark of their life's work.

This is the first book to treat bombing during WWII as a European phenomenon and not just the 'Blitz' on Britain and Germany. With Western Europe now at the heart of a united continent, it is even more difficult to explain how only 70 years ago European states destroyed much of the urban landscape from the air. There were many blitzes between 1940 and 1945 with an estimated 700,000 people killed. The purpose of this book is to provide the basis for a comparison of the experience of western states under the impact of bombing. In particular, it considers the political, cultural and social responses to bombing rather than the military, strategic and social dimensions which have formed the core of the discussion hitherto. This book will correct the popular perception of the British Blitz as the key bombing experience by exposing the reality of life under the bombs for communities as far apart as Brest, Palermo, and Rostock. An international panel of historians consider the issues raised amidst the bombing of human rights and protection of civilians in this seminal event in C20th history.

In this remarkable, historically significant book, Mordecai Paldiel recounts in vivid detail the many ways in which, at great risk to their own lives, Jews rescued other Jews during the Holocaust. In so doing he puts to rest the widely held belief that all Jews in Nazi-dominated Europe wore blinders and allowed themselves to be led like \"lambs to the slaughter.\" Paldiel documents how brave Jewish men and women saved thousands of their fellow Jews through efforts unprecedented in Jewish history.Encyclopedic in scope and organized by country,Saving One's Owntells the stories of hundreds of Jewish activists who created rescue networks, escape routes, safe havens, and partisan fighting groups to save beleaguered Jewish men, women, and children from the Nazis. The rescuers' dramatic stories are often shared in their own words, and Paldiel provides extensive historical background and documentation.The untold story of these Jewish heroes, who displayed inventiveness and courage in outwitting the enemy-and in saving literally thousands of Jews-is finally revealed.

This volume discusses the participation of Jews as soldiers, journalists, and propagandists in combating the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War—as the period between June 22, 1941, and May 9, 1945, was known in the Soviet Union. The essays included here examine both newly discovered and previously-neglected oral testimony, poetry, cinema, diaries, memoirs, newspapers, and archives. This is among the first books to combine the study of Russian and Yiddish materials, reflecting the nature of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, which for the first time during the Soviet period included under the same institutional umbrella both Yiddish-language and Russian-language writers. This volume will be of use to scholars, teachers, students, and researchers working in Russian and Jewish history.

This is a brief but absorbing study by one of the world's great experts on the Holocaust, who has drawn on a huge body of material to depict one of the unforgettable events in recent history from an arresting and unfamiliar point of view.

The most complete history to date of the Nazi partisan resistance movement known as the Werwolf at the end of WWII. A fascinating history of great interest to general readers as well as to military historians.