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Fire Hawk Optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm
This study proposes the Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO) as a novel metaheuristic algorithm based on the foraging behavior of whistling kites, black kites and brown falcons. These birds are termed Fire Hawks considering the specific actions they perform to catch prey in nature, specifically by means of setting fire. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, a numerical investigation was conducted on 233 mathematical test functions with dimensions of 2–100, and 150,000 function evaluations were performed for optimization purposes. For comparison, a total of ten different classical and new metaheuristic algorithms were utilized as alternative approaches. The statistical measurements include the best, mean, median, and standard deviation of 100 independent optimization runs, while well-known statistical analyses, such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Post-Hoc analysis, were also conducted. The obtained results prove that the FHO algorithm exhibits better performance than the compared algorithms from literature. In addition, two of the latest Competitions on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), such as CEC 2020 on bound constraint problems and CEC 2020 on real-world optimization problems including the well-known mechanical engineering design problems, were considered for performance evaluation of the FHO algorithm, which further demonstrated the superior capability of the optimizer over other metaheuristic algorithms in literature. The capability of the FHO is also evaluated in dealing with two of the real-size structural frames with 15 and 24 stories in which the new method outperforms the previously developed metaheuristics.
Journal Article
Come November
Senior year at high school is going to be hard enough for Rooney Harris, desperate to get into a good college and away from her small town, but things get tougher when she ends up as the sole support for herself and her younger brother because of their mother's obsession with the Next World Society, a cult that believes they will be whisked away to a new world paradise on November 17.
Book
Does constructing multiple solutions for real-world problems affect self-efficacy
The development of multiple solutions for a given problem is important for learning mathematics. In the present intervention study, we analyzed whether prompting students to construct multiple solutions (more precisely: prompting them to apply multiple mathematical procedures to real-world problems) and prior self-efficacy influenced students' self-efficacy directly as well as indirectly via perceived competence. Students' self-efficacy (N = 304) was measured before and after a 4-lesson teaching unit, and students' perceived competence was measured during the unit. Results of the path model showed that although prompting multiple solutions did not positively affect self-efficacy, indirect effects of teaching method on self-efficacy were found. Students who were asked to develop multiple solutions perceived higher competence and reported higher self-efficacy than students who were required to provide one solution. These indirect effects were significant for students with low prior self-efficacy and nonsignificant for students with high prior self-efficacy, indicating the moderating effect of prior self-efficacy. This finding indicates that students with unfavorable learning prerequisites such as low self-efficacy might benefit from teaching methods that require them to construct multiple solutions. Further, students with low prior self-efficacy reported lower competence during the lessons regardless of whether they were asked to develop one or multiple solutions; they also reported lower self-efficacy at posttest prior self-efficacy was controlled for. Our findings therefore indicate that disadvantages for students with low prior self-efficacy for the further development of self-efficacy during learning might be balanced by teaching students to construct multiple solutions. (DIPF/Orig.).
Journal Article
Love to everyone
In 1902 England, Clarry and Peter struggle with the challenges of living with an indifferent father, but the summers they spend in Cornwall with their grandparents and cousin Rupert provide much needed comfort, and in the years that follow Clarry looks back on those leisurely days to help her cope with the trying times of World War I and its aftermath.
Book
Mathematical modeling of tech-related real-world problems for secondary school-level mathematics
The use of authentic real-world problems that reflect the applied nature of mathematics is not prevalent in formal secondary school settings. In this study, we explore the interface between workplace mathematics, particularly tech-related real-world (TRW) problems, and school mathematics, through the explication of mathematical modeling. The research questions are (1) in which tech domains can real-world problems be identified that can be addressed using mathematical modeling for the secondary school level? (2) Which methods do engineers use to simplify tech-related problems for non-experts in their field? (3) In which areas in the secondary mathematics curriculum can TRW problems be mapped? We present a three-phase model which yielded the creation of a pool of 169 TRW problems. The first two phases of the model included extracting authentic problems from the work of tech engineers and simplifying them to be meaningful or perceivable to students. These were explored by conducting task-oriented interviews with senior tech engineers and scientists from leading companies and universities. The third phase was accomplished by interviewing mathematics education experts, and included verifying the compatibility of the problems with the formal, secondary-level mathematics curriculum. The study has methodological, theoretical, and practical contributions. These include methodology that enables identifying TRW problems that are compliant with the secondary mathematics curriculum; adding to the literature about mathematical modeling by demonstrating the interface between workplace mathematics and school mathematics; and creating a large pool of TRW problems that can be used in secondary school math lessons.
Journal Article
At the end of the world
\"When the world is ending, what matters most to you? Seventeen-year-old Aisha hasn't seen her sister June for two years. She has no idea where she is, but that hasn't stopped her from thinking about her every day and hoping she's okay. But now that a calamity is about to end the world in nine months' time, she and her mother decide that it's time to track her down and mend the hurts of the past. They don't have any time to spare - if they don't resolve their issues now, they never will. Along with Aisha's boyfriend Walter and his parents (and a stray cat named Fleabag), the group embarks on a roadtrip through Malaysia in a wildly decorated campervan to put the past to rest, to come to terms with the present, and to hope for the future, even with the world about to end\" -- Publisher's description.
Book
A review of nature-inspired algorithms on single-objective optimization problems from 2019 to 2023
The field of nature inspired algorithm (NIA) is a vital area of research that consistently aids in solving optimization problems. One of the metaheuristic algorithm classifications that has drawn attention from researchers in recent decades is NIA. It makes a significant contribution by addressing numerous large-scale problems and achieving the best results. This research aims to identify the optimal NIA for solving single-objective optimization problems. The NIA discovered between 2019 and 2023 is presented in this study with a brief description. About 83 distinct NIAs have been studied in this study in order to address the optimization issues. In order to accomplish this goal, we have taken into consideration eight real-world single-objective optimization problems: the 3-bar truss design problem, the rolling element bearing, the pressure vessel, the cantilever beam, the I beam, the design of a welded beam, and the design of a spring. Based on a comparative study and bibliographic analysis, we have determined that two algorithms—the flow direction algorithm, and prairie dog optimization—give us the best results and optimal solutions for all eight of the engineering problems listed. Lastly, some perspectives on the limitations, difficulties, and future course are provided. In addition to providing future research guidelines, this will assist the novice and emerging researcher in providing a more comprehensive perspective on advanced NIA.
Journal Article
The orphan band of Springdale
\"It's 1941, and tensions are rising in the United States as the Second World War rages in Europe. Eleven-year-old Gusta's life, like the world around her, is about to change. Her father, a foreign-born labor organizer, has had to flee the country, and Gusta has been sent to live in an orphanage run by her grandmother. Nearsighted, snaggletoothed Gusta arrives in Springdale, Maine, lugging her one precious possession: a beloved old French horn, her sole memento of her father. But in a family that's long on troubles and short on money, how can a girl hang on to something so valuable and yet so useless when Gusta's mill-worker uncle needs surgery to fix his mangled hand, with no union to help him pay? Inspired by her mother's fanciful stories, Gusta secretly hopes to find the coin-like \"Wish\" that her sea-captain grandfather supposedly left hidden somewhere. Meanwhile, even as Gusta gets to know the rambunctious orphans at the home, she feels like an outsider at her new school -- and finds herself facing patriotism turned to prejudice, alien registration drives, and a family secret likely to turn the small town upside down.\" -- Amazon.com
Book
Towards meta-competences in higher education for tackling complex real-world problems - A cross disciplinary review
Purpose: Climate change, poverty and pandemics are some of the complex real-world problems that are increasingly challenging higher education institutions (HEIs) to equip future graduates with meta-competences that have hitherto not been demanded. These graduates need to be able to capture and operate within complex systems and relationships. By focusing on complex real-world problems, this study aims to systematically review competences and frame meta-competences supporting curricula development in HEIs. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies a systematic literature review according to the review protocol of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The review process resulted in the selection of 39 articles, which were subjected to qualitative synthesis to identify competences for tackling complex real-world problems. These competences were grouped into meta-competences and aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Findings: Scientific disciplines commonly describe four competences for tackling complex real-world problems including domain-specific competence, inter-relation competence, intrapersonal competence and normative competence. Originality: This study found that inter-relation competence is in line with all the SDGs, which is considered important for tackling complex real-world problems across disciplines. Research limitations/implications: A study in a survey design across disciplines and a weighting of these competences in respect to complex real-world problems aligned with the SDGs could contribute to a more consolidated and common understanding of the meta-competences identified. (ZPID).
Journal Article