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"Wrestlers."
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Kofi Kingston : champ of smackdown
A brief biography on Kofi Kingston, the wrestler from Ghana, West Africa.
Book
Examination of oxygen saturation and heart rate levels of female freestyle wrestlers according to the physiological load created by the competition
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate (HR) levels of female freestyle wrestlers according to the physiological load created by the competition.
Methods
A total of 26 volunteer participants (mean age 11.54 ± 0.50 years, mean height 157.23 ± 8.91 cm, mean body weight 49.99 ± 12.51 kg, mean BMI 19.96 ± 3.22 kg/m
2
) were included. SpO₂ and HR were measured by digital pulse oximetry before and after the wrestling competition. The data were analysed via the IBM SPSS 21 package program. The normality of distributions and homogeneity of variances were determined via the Shapiro‒Wilks test. Descriptive statistics and dependent sample t tests were performed to compare the data of the participants. The significance level was determined as p < 0.05.
Results
According to the statistical analyses, no significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest SpO₂ values (p > 0.05). However, a highly significant difference was observed between the pretest and posttest HR values (p < 0.01). The mean SpO₂ was 96.96 ± 3.60%, the mean HR was 120.58 ± 16.06 bpm, the mean SpO₂ was 99.50% ± 3.20%, and the mean HR was 150.46 ± 24.89 bpm. There was a significant increase in HR after the wrestling competition, but SpO₂ levels did not significantly change.
Conclusion
This study revealed that wrestling competition significantly increased the HR but did not significantly affect the SpO₂ levels. The results emphasize the effects of intense sporting activities, such as wrestling, on HR, whereas no significant change in the SpO₂ level was detected.
Journal Article
The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on Iraqi wrestlers
The lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted normal life. At the beginning of March 2020, few cases of infected individuals were recorded, but then the number increased with time, and millions of Iraqi people were forced to stay home, losing many of their daily habits. Banning sports teams from gatherings was a global and local problem facing sports, affecting weight, dietary habits, and other life aspects. This observational retrospective study aimed to determine the changes in athletes' lifestyles like training hours, sleeping hours, weight, and other daily habits. The data were recorded 8 months before the lockdown by their coaches and the medical staff of wrestling teams and after the lockdown by surveys and questionnaires directly from the athletes for this study. The results confirmed that Iraqi wrestlers were still committed to not smoking nor drinking alcohol as before the lockdown, but training hours were down to one hour compared to 3 hours daily before the lockdown. All parts of society were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and athletes were on top of the social pyramid to manage the problems that resulted from the quarantine and social distancing. Athletes, coaches, medical sports staff, nutritionists, and captains should carry the responsibility to return life to its main road as they should double their efforts to win this battle.
Journal Article
No is a four-letter word : how I failed spelling but succeeded in life
The author and wrestling star presents an inspirational book organized around twenty-two principles on what it takes to make it to the top of one's field, featuring stories from legends and influencers along the way.
BOOK
Comparison of the Static and Dynamic Balance Between Normal-Hearing and HearingImpaired Wrestlers
Balance is fundamental in sport, especially when there is an opponent. Although balance can be improved with practice, it is highly aff ected by nervous system disorders, particularly by vestibular disorders and visual impairment. Th e purpose of this study was to compare static and dynamic balance between normal and hearing-impaired wrestlers. Th e participants were 52 young male hearing-impaired wrestlers (n=29, age=18.76±3.54) and normal-hearing athletes (n=23, age=19.09±2.76) competing at the national level. Th e static and dynamic balance were measured using the stork test on one foot and the Y-balance test (in anterior, posteromedial & posterolateral directions). MANOVA indicated signifi cant diff erences between groups (Wilks’ L=.284, F12,39=8.21, p<.05, η2 =.72). Diff erences were detected in how long the participant had been active in the sport F(year) (F1,50=145.95, p<.025, η2 =.75) and right leg static balance (F1,50=73.63, p<.025, η2 =.60). As for the Y balance test, there was also a signifi cant diff erence in the anterior direction for the right leg (F1,50=4880.66, p<.025, η2 =.99) and left leg (F1,50=3563.87, p<.025, η2 =.99). Hearing-impaired wrestlers performed better balance abilities in the dynamic balance test of right and left legs in the anterior direction. In contrast, the amount of time active in the sport and the static balance of the right leg were found better in normal-hearing wrestlers. Being better than normal wrestlers only in the anterior direction of the dynamic balance might be due to the diff erences related to the directions of the test. Future studies are recommended for investigating the reasons for this diff erence.
Journal Article
Serum Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Changes in Freestyle Wrestlers During Different Training Stages
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze metabolites changes in elite freestyle wrestlers during three specific training phases—pre-training, peak training, and recovery adjustment—through serum metabolomics analyses and biochemical indicator testing, providing preliminary insights for selecting effective functional assessment metrics. Methods: Five male wrestlers (20.40 ± 2.07 years) and five female wrestlers (19.60 ± 0.55 years) were enrolled. Morning fasting venous blood samples were collected before training, at peak training intensity, and after training adjustment and recovery. Serum metabolomic analyses using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and assessment of biochemical indicators were performed. Results: The metabolomic analysis identified six significantly altered serum biomarkers in male wrestlers and three in females across different training phases. These differential metabolites are primarily implicated in the regulation of energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, significant alterations in conventional biochemical indices were observed. Conclusions: Metabolomic markers provide a more accurate and comprehensive reflection of metabolic characteristics in freestyle wrestlers, offering a promising complementary approach to traditional biochemical assessments for monitoring physiological states.
Journal Article
Rey Mysterio : giant killer
A biography of the California-born Mexican-American wrestler who has helped popularize \"lucha libre\", the masked Mexican style of free wrestling.
Book
Identification of success factors in elite wrestlers—An exploratory study
Identification of success factors in wrestling as well as establishing their hierarchy are crucial from a cognitive and practical standpoint. It may provide a lot of practical recommendations related to wrestling-specific training. The aim of this study was to identify and establish the hierarchy of success factors in wrestling regardless of a fighting style and weight class. This study included 168 elite male freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. They were divided into two groups: athletes who won medals (successful wrestlers) in high-rank competitions (Polish Championships or higher) and those who did not win any medals (less successful wrestlers) in those competitions. The following elements were assessed: anthropological measurements, body composition, dynamic strength, strength endurance, agility, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness, response time, technical wrestling skills and anaerobic capacity. For initial data analysis, one-way ANOVA (α = 0.005) was used. Random Forests classifier was employed to identify success factors and to determine the importance of each of these factors in terms of sports performance. Seven key success factors were identified: anaerobic power, strength endurance, response time, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness and technical wrestling skills performed in a horizontal position. Random Forests turned out to be an effective method of modelling success in wrestling (compared to SVM and KNN, which were also used in the study). These findings suggest that wrestling-specific training can be effectively monitored by controlling several vital indicators of athletes’ preparedness: anaerobic power, strength endurance, response time, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness and technical wrestling skills (the performance of reverse waistlock from a standing position and trunk grip gut wrench assessed by experts).
Journal Article