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The I21 beamline at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to advanced resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) for probing charge, orbital, spin and lattice excitations in materials across condensed matter physics, applied sciences and chemistry. Both the beamline and the RIXS spectrometer employ divergent variable‐line‐spacing gratings covering a broad energy range of 280–3000 eV. A combined energy resolution of ∼35 meV (16 meV) is readily achieved at 930 eV (530 eV) owing to the optimized optics and the mechanics. Considerable efforts have been paid to the design of the entire beamline, particularly the implementation of the collection mirrors, to maximize the X‐ray photon throughput. The continuous rotation of the spectrometer over 150° under ultra high vacuum and a cryogenic manipulator with six degrees of freedom allow accurate mappings of low‐energy excitations from solid state materials in momentum space. Most importantly, the facility features a unique combination of the high energy resolution and the high photon throughput vital for advanced RIXS applications. Together with its stability and user friendliness, I21 has become one of the most sought after RIXS beamlines in the world. The design of the resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source, I21, is presented. X‐ray commissioning results are shown and compared with the optical simulations.

In this contribution, we present a compact differential pumping unit with apertures ≥500 µm. It allows windowless operation for in‐air sample environments as well as to connect low‐quality in‐vacuum sample environments to the beamline UHV (≤10−8 mbar) section. The unit also protects the UHV section of the beamline from accidental venting due to operator errors. To simplify the design, an adjustment‐free series of pinholes is used. The positioning of the apertures relies on tight machining tolerances. The assembly consists of just eight parts: one main aluminium body, four threaded cylinders with apertures and three covers with links to pumping units assembled with Viton seals. The overall footprint is restricted to 368 mm on the beam axis. We present a compact differential pumping unit with apertures ≥500 µm. It allows windowless operation for in‐air sample environments as well as to connect low‐quality in‐vacuum sample environments to the beamline UHV section. The unit also protects the UHV section from accidental venting. The overall footprint is restricted to 368 mm on the beam axis.

The Coherent X‐ray Scattering beamline at the Pohang Light Source‐II was constructed in 2011 for coherent diffraction imaging and has now been upgraded in its focusing optics, diffractometer, detectors and endstation. The enhanced photon flux density and modified endstation have enabled routine Bragg coherent diffraction imaging and microbeam diffraction, while the newly implemented ptychography setup has enhanced nano‐imaging capability in transmission geometry. Because coherent diffraction imaging and microbeam diffraction share the same upstream optics, switching between techniques requires only minor adjustments to slit settings, mirror pitch and the sample‐to‐detector distance, enabling efficient integration of user programs without compromising instrument performance. This paper details the upgrade and the new capabilities of the beamline. Comprehensive upgrades to optics, detectors and the endstation at the CXS beamline have transformed its coherent diffraction imaging performance, enabling routine Bragg coherent diffraction imaging and microbeam diffraction, and adding the capability for transmission geometry nano‐imaging via ptychography.

The design, performance, and capabilities of the High Energy beamline at the Brockhouse Sector of the Canadian Light Source are described. The beamline uses a single bent silicon wafer as a side-bounce Laue monochromator, using the (111), (422), or (533) hkl reflections to access energies ranging from 25 to 90 keV. The cryogenically cooled crystal serves as the only optical element in the beamline providing a simple, convenient, and reliable configuration. The bending provides a vertical focus as small as 20 µm. The flux ranges from 1 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 13 photons s −1 , depending on the energy, with typical pre-monochromator slit settings. A large translation table in the hutch moves to follow the beam as the energy is changed. Data are collected using large area detectors. Common uses include rapid collection of powder diffraction data, penetration of thick samples and devices, high pressure diffraction, and pair distribution function measurements.

The preliminary design and expected performance for the Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) branchline at Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser (S3FEL) is presented. A time‐delay‐compensated monochromator (TDCM) in symmetric layout has been designed for spectral selection and pulse duration preservation. The TDCM is optimized using the six‐dimensional K‐matrix method and a start‐to‐end simulation of the beamline system using Fourier optics was performed. Numerical estimations indicate that the TDCM can achieve a time–bandwidth product approaching the Fourier‐transform limit.

In the framework of the SwissFEL project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), a Hall probe bench is being developed for the high-precision magnetic characterization of the insertion devices for the ATHOS soft X-ray beamline. For this purpose, a novel three-axis teslameter has been developed, which will be placed between the undulator and its outer shell in a very limited volumetric space of 150 × 50 × 45 mm. Together with a SENIS® 3-axis Hall probe at the center of the cross sectional area of the undulator, the setup will traverse along the undulator length on a specifically designed rig with minimal vibrations. This teslameter has all the analog signal conditioning circuitry for the Hall probe and also has on board 24-bit digitization. The instrument also handles an interface to a linear absolute encoder. The old instrumentation used only had analog signal conditioning circuitry whilst digitization was done off board. The new instrument also provides a very accurate magnetic field map in the µT range with simultaneous readings from the position encoder at an accuracy of ±3 µm. In this paper, a series of tests are described, which were performed at PSI in order to establish the measuring precision and repeatability of the instrument.

A new reduced form-factor three axes digital teslameter, based on the spinning current technique, has been developed. This instrument will be used to characterize the SwissFEL insertion devices at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for the ATHOS soft X-ray beamline. A detailed and standardized calibration procedure is critical to optimize the performance of this precision instrument. This paper presents the measurement techniques used for the corrective improvements implemented through non-linearity, temperature offset, temperature sensitivity compensation of the Hall probe and electronics temperature compensation. A detailed quantitative analysis of the reduction in errors on the application of each step of the calibration is presented. The percentage peak error reduction attained through calibration of the instrument for reference fields in the range of ±2 T is registered to drop from 1.94% down to 0.02%.

A novel three-axis teslameter and other similar machines have been designed and developed for SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The developed instrument will be used for high fidelity characterisation and optimisation of the undulators for the ATHOS soft X-ray beamline. The teslameter incorporates analogue signal conditioning for the three-axes interface to a SENIS Hall probe, an interface to a Heidenhain linear absolute encoder and an on-board high-resolution 24-bit analogue-to-digital conversion. This is in contrast to the old instrumentation setup used, which only comprises the analogue circuitry with digitization being done externally to the instrument. The new instrument fits in a volumetric space of 150 mm × 50 mm × 45 mm, being very compact in size and also compatible with the in-vacuum undulators. This paper describes the design and the development of the different components of the teslameter. Performance results are presented that demonstrate offset fluctuation and drift (0.1–10 Hz) with a standard deviation of 0.78 µT and a broadband noise (10–500 Hz) of 2.05 µT with an acquisition frequency of 2 kHz.

ALS‐ENABLE is an integrated NIH P30 resource at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, USA. The resource provides a single portal to the combined mature structural biology technologies of macromolecular crystallography, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and X‐ray footprinting mass spectrometry, and includes beamlines 2.0.1, 3.3.1, 4.2.2, 5.0.1, 5.0.2, 5.0.3, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.3.1 and 12.3.1. This paper describes the organizational structure and the technologies of ALS‐ENABLE. A case study showcasing the main technologies of the resource applied to the characterization of the SpyCatcher–SpyTag protein system is presented. A description of the beamlines within the structural biology ALS‐ENABLE P30 resource at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is given, highlighted through the biophysical characterization of the SpyCatcher–SpyTag protein system.

The ForMAX beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory provides multiscale and multimodal structural characterization of hierarchical materials in the nanometre to millimetre range by combining small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering with full‐field microtomography. The modular design of the beamline is optimized for easy switching between different experimental modalities. The beamline has a special focus on the development of novel fibrous materials from forest resources, but it is also well suited for studies within, for example, food science and biomedical research. ForMAX is a new beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory, providing multiscale and multimodal structural characterization by combining small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering with full‐field tomographic imaging.