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"YOUNG WORKERS"
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The daring ladies of Lowell
Moving to the mill city of Lowell in 1832 to escape farm life, young Alice is disillusioned by the local factory's harsh working conditions and struggles to advocate on their behalf while recklessly falling in love with the mill owner's son, a situation that is complicated by a murder and sensational trial.
Book
Is the Young Precariat a Problem of Modern Democracy? A Case Study of Poland
This article addresses the issue of the role and importance of the young precariat for the functioning of the democratic system. Based on scenario planning, it presents three possible directions for the development of democracy in the context of meeting the needs of the young precariat. The first scenario assumes a continuation of the measures applied so far by democratic governments towards young precarious people related to social policy and the low representation of the young generation in politics. The second involves a move away from democracy towards non-democratic systems, where the needs of precarious people are irrelevant. The third assumes a new approach among democratic governments to the needs of young precarious workers and the shaping of new social policies, as well as the creation of incentives for young precarious workers to be more widely involved in these policies. The empirical context for these considerations is an attempt to determine the possibility of the occurrence of each of these scenarios in Polish conditions, based on the results of qualitative studies conducted via asynchronous interviews with representatives of the young Polish precariat. The research relates to Poland and takes into account the characteristics of the Polish precariat. The article uses a mixed research methodology, combining different methods for solving research problems, including collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting quantitative and qualitative data.
Journal Article
Young people's aspirations for education, work, family and leisure
\"Young people are arguably facing more 'complex and contested' transitions to adulthood and an increasing array of 'non-linear' paths. Education and training have been extended, identity is increasingly shaped through leisure and consumerism and youth must navigate their life trajectories in highly individualised ways. The study utilises 819 short essays compiled by students aged 14-16 years from 19 schools in Australia. It examines how young people understand their own unique positions and the possibilities open to them through their aspirations and future orientations to employment and family life. These young people do not anticipate postponing work identities, but rather embrace post-school options such as gaining qualifications, work experience and achieving financial security. Boys expected a distant involvement in family life secondary to participation in paid work. In contrast, around half the girls simultaneously expected a future involving primary care-giving and an autonomous, independent career, suggesting attempts to remake gendered inequalities.\" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku). Forschungsmethode: empirisch-qualitativ; empirisch. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2008 bis 2008.
Journal Article
Metrics to assess injury prevention programs for young workers in high-risk occupations: a scoping review of the literature
Despite legal protections for young workers in Canada, youth aged 15-24 are at high risk of traumatic occupational injury. While many injury prevention initiatives targeting young workers exist, the challenge faced by youth advocates and employers is deciding what aspect(s) of prevention will be the most effective focus for their efforts. A review of the academic and grey literatures was undertaken to compile the metrics-both the indicators being evaluated and the methods of measurement-commonly used to assess injury prevention programs for young workers. Metrics are standards of measurement through which efficiency, performance, progress, or quality of a plan, process, or product can be assessed.
A PICO framework was used to develop search terms. Medline, PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, CCOHS, PsychINFO, CINAHL, NIOSHTIC, Google Scholar and the grey literature were searched for articles in English, published between 1975-2015. Two independent reviewers screened the resulting list and categorized the metrics in three domains of injury prevention: Education, Environment and Enforcement.
Of 174 acquired articles meeting the inclusion criteria, 21 both described and assessed an intervention. Half were educational in nature (N=11). Commonly assessed metrics included: knowledge, perceptions, self-reported behaviours or intentions, hazardous exposures, injury claims, and injury counts. One study outlined a method for developing metrics to predict injury rates.
Metrics specific to the evaluation of young worker injury prevention programs are needed, as current metrics are insufficient to predict reduced injuries following program implementation. One study, which the review brought to light, could be an appropriate model for future research to develop valid leading metrics specific to young workers, and then apply these metrics to injury prevention programs for youth.
Journal Article
A qualitative study of young workers’ experience of the psychosocial work environment and how this affects their mental health
Background
The evidence base for the relationship between psychosocial work factors and mental health focuses primarily on the general working population but little is known about young workers. The aim of this qualitative study is to identify psychosocial work factors that affect the mental health of young workers, with a focus on (1)
novel factors
of the psychosocial work environment that are relevant for young workers but have not been described in the literature and (2) experiences of psychosocial work factors associated with mental health that are specific to and typical for young workers.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were held with 36 workers aged up to 30. Participants were asked to describe work situations that affected their mental health. Factors were identified using a combination of inductive and deductive coding and open-coded factors were mapped onto the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), which is widely used as a framework for psychosocial work factors.
Results
Most of the psychosocial factors mentioned by the young workers could be mapped onto the COPSOQ framework and were therefore similar to the general working population. Novel factors identified by this study were “
Procedural support
” and “
Responsibility for others
”. We also identified young-worker-specific experiences of psychosocial work factors associated with mental health (i.e.
Quantitative Demands
,
Influence at Work
,
Commitment to the Workplace
,
Job Insecurity
,
Quality of work
,
Job satisfaction
, and
Vertical Trust
). Lastly, young workers did not report the COPSOQ factor
Insecurity over working conditions
and
Work-life conflict
was reported as an indicator of mental health status rather than being perceived as a factor of the psychosocial work environment.
Conclusions
Psychosocial work factors and their influence on mental health reported by young workers in this qualitative study are comparable to what is reported for the general working population. There are however some young-worker-specific experiences of psychosocial work factors and two novel factors. The novel factors, “
Procedural support”
and “
Responsibility for others”
are not found in common psychosocial work factor frameworks and might be studied specifically in relation to young workers. Our results provide organisations with levers that can be used to create a psychosocial work environment that benefits the mental health of young workers.
Journal Article
Occupational injuries in Canadian youth: an analysis of 22 years of surveillance data collected from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program
Inexperience, inadequate training and differential hazard exposure may contribute to a higher risk of injury in young workers. This study describes features of work-related injuries in young Canadians to identify areas for potential occupational injury prevention strategies.
We analyzed records for youth aged 10-17 presenting to Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) emergency departments (EDs) from 1991-2012. We classified work-related injuries into job groups corresponding to National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 codes and conducted descriptive analyses to assess injury profiles by job group. Age- and sex-adjusted proportionate injury ratios (PIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare the nature of injuries between occupational and non-occupational events overall and by job group.
Of the 6046 injuries (0.72% of events in this age group) that occurred during work, 63.9% were among males. Youth in food and beverage occupations (54.6% males) made up 35.4% of work-related ED visits and 10.2% of work-related hospital admissions, while primary industry workers (76.4% males) made up 4.8% of work-related ED visits and 24.6% of work-related hospital admissions. PIRs were significantly elevated for burns (9.77, 95% CI: 8.94-10.67), crushing/amputations (6.72, 95% CI: 5.79-7.80), electrical injuries (6.04, 95% CI: 3.64-10.00), bites (5.09, 95% CI: 4.47-5.79), open wounds (2.68, 95% CI: 2.59-2.78) and eye injuries (2.50, 95% CI: 2.20-2.83) in occupational versus non-occupational events. These were largely driven by high proportional incidence of injury types unique to job groups.
Our findings provide occupation group-specific information on common injury types that can be used to support targeted approaches to reduce incidence of youth injury in the workplace.
Journal Article
Young People’s Attitudes to Attractive Work, During and After Upper Secondary School
Attractive work has been defined as a job position which an individual wants, where the employee experiences job stability and where employee identification and dedication are fostered. The present study is aimed at increasing knowledge about attitude changes to work during young people’s transition from school to work-life. A closed cohort, consisting of 225 pupils from graduating classes in 10 upper secondary schools in Sweden, was studied. The most significant result was found in the pupils’ expectations regarding work attractiveness while they were still attending school and in the subsequent year, after they had finished school. During school attendance, there were no differences between the groups, while those who did not find employment after school greatly reduced their demands regarding attractive work.Those who managed to get a job maintained the same level of expectation as during their school years, in terms of requirements for an attractive job.
Journal Article