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Marine fungi can metabolize structurally diverse active components, and have become an important source of drug lead molecules. In the present study, the chemical investigation on the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus Trametes sp. ZYX-Z-16 led to the isolation of eight meroterpenoids (1–8), including two undescribed ones, together with ten ergostane steroid analogues (9–18). The structures of two new spiromeroterpenoids, asnovolin H (1) and asnovolin I (2), were determined based on 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectroscopic data along with ECD spectra calculations. All compounds were tested for antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 12 showed definite antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC 32 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC 16 μg/mL). In addition, compounds 9 and 10 showed superior inhibitory activity, with IC[sub.50] values of 104.1 and 111.3 μM, respectively, to the positive control acarbose (304.6 μM).

Aiming to investigate the unclear lower limit of microscopic pore mobilization during CO[sub.2] pre-fracturing in the shale oil reservoirs of the Ma51X well block, this study integrates high-temperature and high-pressure (110 °C 70 MPa) CO[sub.2] huff-n-puff with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The results demonstrate the following: (1) under high-temperature (110 °C) and ultra-high-pressure (70 MPa) conditions, the lower limit of mobilizable pores for CO[sub.2] to displace reservoir crude oil reaches 1.7 2.2 nm; (2) the dominant mobilized pore range for CO[sub.2] is 5.1 38.5 nm, and macropore abundance directly dictates the macroscopic sweep coverage of CO[sub.2]; (3) the modification effect of CO[sub.2] on pore structure is primarily concentrated within the mesopore-to-macropore systems, and with an increase in huff-n-puff cycles, crude oil in mesopores progressively migrates toward macropores; and (4) multi-cycle CO[sub.2] huff-n-puff exhibits a cyclic performance pattern characterized by dominance in the initial cycle and subsequent attenuation. This study precisely delineates the lower limit of mobilizable pores for crude oil in the shale oil reservoirs of the Ma51X well block, providing a robust theoretical foundation for the efficient development of this formation and analogous ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

Biomass materials with representative morphologies and compositions were employed to study the activation effect of KHCO[sub.3]. As the activation time increased from 1 to 3 h, the products derived from puffed rice and pleurotus eryngii achieved a hierarchical porous structure, while the products derived from cotton still presented a microporous structure. In the electrochemical test of a three-electrode system, the specific capacitance of these products was 352, 319, and 216 F g[sup.−1], respectively. In the two-electrode system, the PR-2-based symmetric supercapacitor presented with a specific capacitance of 280.7 F g[sup.−1] at 0.5 A g[sup.−1], and the energy density of 14.03 Wh kg[sup.−1] at 150.04 W kg[sup.−1] and an energy density retention of 73.7% was at an even higher power density of 8380.4 W kg[sup.−1]. After 10,000 cycles of charging and discharging at 5 A g[sup.−1], the specific capacitance retention of the supercapacitor reached 108.8%. Based on the experimental analysis, a likely mechanism for the formation of pores was proposed. The results indicate that biomass materials with soft layered or a network structure are the best candidates to obtain a hierarchical porous structure by KHCO[sub.3] activation.

The CO[sub.2] capture process in coal-fired power plant flue gas still faces the difficulties of low material performance and high energy and cost consumption. It is necessary to develop new capture solvents and materials, and also new capture process configurations, to achieve breakthroughs in capture performance and process technology. In various process configurations for CO[sub.2] absorption, lean solution vaporization and compression (LVC) is a commonly used and effective one for reducing the energy and cost consumption. This work propose a partial lean solution vaporization and compression (PLVC) configuration to decrease energy and cost consumption for CO[sub.2] capture, considering the price difference in heat and electricity with the high prices of compressors. The three heat exchange methods of no heat exchange, separate heat exchange, and merged heat exchange for lean solution after flash evaporation are also proposed with PLVC, which could be used in the range of low (0–25%), middle (25–75%), and high split ratios (75–100%) of lean solution for the lowest total heat consumption of the aqueous AMP + PZ solvent. Therefore, the comprehensive cost of the capture process can be minimized by considering different prices of steam heat, electricity, and compression facility.

Incredibly thin transistors could deliver even more powerful computers if three research challenges can be solved, argue Ming-Yang Li and colleagues. Incredibly thin transistors could deliver even more powerful computers if three research challenges can be solved, argue Ming-Yang Li and colleagues. A working electronic device made by stacking atom-thick layers of 2D materials

Exosomes derived from cancer cells have been recognized as a promising biomarker for minimally invasive liquid biopsy. Herein, a novel sandwich-type biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Amino-functionalized Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4] nanoparticles were synthesized as a sensing interface with a large surface area and rapid enrichment capacity, while two-dimensional MXene nanosheets were used as signal amplifiers with excellent electrical properties. Specifically, CD63 aptamer attached Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4] nanoprobes capture the target exosomes. MXene nanosheets modified with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer were tethered on the electrode surface to enhance the quantification of exosomes captured with the detection of remaining protein sites. With such a design, the proposed biosensor showed a wide linear range from 10[sup.2] particles μL[sup.−1] to 10[sup.7] particles μL[sup.−1] for sensing 4T1 exosomes, with a low detection limit of 43 particles μL[sup.−1]. In addition, this sensing platform can determine four different tumor cell types (4T1, Hela, HepG2, and A549) using surface proteins corresponding to aptamers 1 and 2 (CD63 and EpCAM) and showcases good specificity in serum samples. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive electrochemical sensor for detecting exosome concentrations and species. Moreover, they provide a significant reference for exosome applications in clinical settings, such as liquid biopsy and early cancer diagnosis.

Graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C[sub.3]N[sub.4], abbreviated as CN) can be used as a photocatalyst to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, there is still potential for improvement in the small band gap and carrier migration properties of intrinsic materials. K-B co-doped CN (KBCN) was investigated as a promising photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction via the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. The electronic and optical properties of CN and KBCN indicate that doping K and B can improve the catalytic performance of CN by promoting charge migration and separation. In terms of the Gibbs free energy change, the CO[sub.2] reduction reaction catalysed by KBCN results in CH[sub.3]OH, and its optimal pathway is CO[sub.2] → *CO[sub.2] → *COOH → CO → *OCH → HCHO → *OCH[sub.3] → CH[sub.3]OH. Compared with CN, the doping elements K and B shift the rate-determining step from CO[sub.2] → *CO[sub.2] to *CO[sub.2] → *COOH. The K and B elements co-doping tuned the charge distribution between the catalyst and the adsorbate and reduced the Gibbs free energy of the rate-determining step from 1.571 to 0.861 eV, suggesting that the CO[sub.2] reduction activity of KBCN is superior to that of CN. Our work provides useful insights for the design of metallic–nonmetallic co-doped CN for photocatalytic CO[sub.2] reduction (CO[sub.2]PR) reactions.

The contributions gathered here introduce their readers to the diversity of the resources mobilized by a younger generation of scholars working on religious phenomena, and particularly on interactions among faiths, spiritualities, and communities, in East Asia [...]