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The years between 18 and 29 have become an extended period of development between adolescence and middle adulthood; young adulthood is a time of many new personal, social, and cultural pressures. Risk-taking behaviors, including substance use, typically peak during this time period in part due to neurobiological development, identity exploration, and social interactions, and most major psychiatric disorders develop during young adulthood. This title provides researchers and clinicians with a clear understanding of the developmental, clinical, and socio-cultural features of mental health unique to young adults, and how this developmental period influences critical assessment and treatment. Bringing together leading experts from psychology and psychiatry, the title surveys how major developmental milestones such as marriage and childrearing influence mental health and well-being among young adults, and the ways in which psychiatric disorders may present differently in this age group. It also reviews the conceptual and assessment challenges, phenomenology, and appropriate pharmacological and behavioral treatments of the many psychiatric difficulties faced by young adults. Finally, the title examines current research on mental health issues in young adults and reviews the strengths of the evidence, providing mental health professionals with a thorough grasp of mental health issues that will allow them to talk intelligently with young adults and to make well-informed assessment and treatment decisions based on the unique needs of this age group.

\"There is a young adult mental health crisis in America. So many twentysomethings are struggling-especially with anxiety, depression, and substance use-yet, as a culture, we are not sure what to think or do about it. Perhaps, it is said, young adults are snowflakes who melt when life turns up the heat. Or maybe, some argue, they're triggered for no reason at all. Yet, even as we trivialize twentysomething struggles, we are quick to pathologize them and to hand out diagnoses and medications. Medication is sometimes, but not always, the best medicine. For twenty-five years, Meg Jay has worked as a clinical psychologist who specializes in twentysomethings, and here she argues that most don't have disorders that must be treated: they have problems that can be solved. In these pages, she offers a revolutionary remedy that upends the medicalization of twentysomething life and advocates instead for skills over pills\"-- Provided by publisher.

Background Post-secondary students frequently experience high rates of mental health challenges. However, they present meagre rates of treatment-seeking behaviours. This elevated prevalence of mental health problems, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, can lead to distress, poor academic performance, and lower job prospects following the completion of education. To address the needs of this population, it is important to understand students' perceptions of mental health and the barriers preventing or limiting their access to care. Methods A broad-scoping online survey was publicly distributed to post-secondary students, collecting demographic, sociocultural, economic, and educational information while assessing various components of mental health. Results In total, 448 students across post-secondary institutions in Ontario, Canada, responded to the survey. Over a third ( n  = 170; 38.6%) of respondents reported a formal mental health diagnosis. Depression and generalized anxiety disorder were the most commonly reported diagnoses. Most respondents felt that post-secondary students did not have good mental health ( n  = 253; 60.5%) and had inadequate coping strategies ( n  = 261; 62.4%). The most frequently reported barriers to care were financial ( n  = 214; 50.5%), long wait times ( n  = 202; 47.6%), insufficient resources ( n  = 165; 38.9%), time constraints ( n  = 148; 34.9%), stigma ( n  = 133; 31.4%), cultural barriers ( n  = 108; 25.5%), and past negative experiences with mental health care ( n  = 86; 20.3%). The majority of students felt their post-secondary institution needed to increase awareness ( n  = 231; 56.5%) and mental health resources ( n  = 306; 73.2%). Most viewed in-person therapy and online care with a therapist as more helpful than self-guided online care. However, there was uncertainty about the helpfulness and accessibility of different forms of treatment, including online interventions. The qualitative findings highlighted the need for personal strategies, mental health education and awareness, and institutional support and services. Conclusions Various barriers to care, perceived lack of resources, and low knowledge of available interventions may contribute to compromised mental health in post-secondary students. The survey findings indicate that upstream approaches such as integrating mental health education for students may address the varying needs of this critical population. Therapist-involved online mental health interventions may be a promising solution to address accessibility issues.

How do students with learning disabilities or emotional and behavioral disorders fare in adulthood? Are their rates of employment, graduation from post-secondary schools, living independently similar to their non-disabled peers? What can schools and communities do to teach and support youth and young adults with learning disabilities or emotional and behavioral disorders? This Transition of Youth and Young Adult volume presents eminent scholars discussing critical and timely topics related to the transition of youth and young adults with learning disabilities and emotional and behavioral disorders and provides a comprehensive selection of chapters that address variables, issues, practices, and outcomes related to the broad topic of transition.

Purpose To assess the prevalence of technology-facilitated sexual harassment (TFSH) and its relationships to adverse mental health issues among young adult female students in Bangladesh. Methods We collected data for this cross-sectional study from July to September 2022 from 455 female students at a large university in Bangladesh. The prevalence of TFSH, self-reported distress, stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts was assessed. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the identified relationships. Results This study found that nearly half of the respondents (46.1%) reported having experienced TFSH. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts, moderate to severe distress, stress, anxiety, and depression was 34.9%, 47.7%, 78.2%, 36.9%, and 59.8%, respectively. Results also reported that, compared to the respondents who did not experience TFSH, those who experienced it were more likely to report adverse mental health issues with higher odds. For example, after controlling for sociodemographic variables, the odds of moderate to severe distress (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.36–5.78), stress (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.25–3.49), anxiety (AOR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.40–6.03), depression (AOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 2.12–5.18), and having suicidal thoughts (AOR: 4.86; 95% CI: 2.29–7.89) were higher among female students experiencing TFSH than those who did not experience it. Conclusions TFSH harassment among young adult female students is common and significantly associated with different adverse mental health issues. Attempts at primary intervention for improving mental health status are required to take TFSH into consideration.

Depression is a heterogeneous mental health problem affecting millions worldwide, but the majority of individuals with depression do not experience relief from initial treatments. Therefore, we need to improve our understanding of the biology of depression, and metabolomic approaches, especially untargeted ones, can suggest new hypotheses for further exploring biological mechanisms. Using the FinnTwin12 cohort, a longitudinal Finnish population-based twin cohort with data collected in adolescence and young adulthood including 725 blood plasma samples, we investigated associations between depression and 11 low-molecular-weight metabolites (amino acids and ketone bodies). In linear regression models with the metabolite (measured at age 22) as the dependent variable and depression ratings (measured at age 12, 14, 17, or 22 from multiple raters) as independent variables (adjusted first for age, sex, body mass index, and additional covariates later), we initially identified a significant negative association of valine with depression. Upon further analyses, valine remained significantly negatively associated with depression cross-sectionally and over time (meta-analysis beta = -13.86, 95% CI (-18.48 to -9.25)). Analyses of the other branched chain amino acids showed a significant negative association of leucine with depression (meta-analysis beta = -9.24, 95% CI (-14.53 to -3.95)), while no association was seen between isoleucine and depression (meta-analysis beta = -0.95, 95% CI (-6.00 to 4.11)). These exploratory epidemiologic findings support further investigations into the role of branched chain amino acids in depression.

Little is known about how race and ethnicity influence the association between college enrollment and past-year suicide attempts. In this brief report, the relationship between college enrollment and past-year suicide attempts varied across racial groups in a nationally representative sample of 12,474 full-time college enrolled and unenrolled young adults. Only White students displayed a protective association between enrollment and past-year suicide attempts (aOR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.62). Race and ethnicity significantly moderated the relationship between enrollment and past-year suicide attempts for Black/African American ( P  = 0.003) and multiracial ( P  = 0.03) compared to White young adults.

Chronic illness can negatively impact adolescents’ and young adults’ social support. Social support can buffer the negative impact of living with chronic illness. The purpose of this study was to test the acceptability of a hypothetical message to promote social support after a recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. Young adults (18–24; m  = 21.30; N  = 370), the majority of which were Caucasian, college-students, and female, were asked to read one of four vignettes and to imagine this situation happened while they were in high school. Each vignette contained a hypothetical message from a friend diagnosed with a chronic illness (cancer, traumatic brain injury, depression, or eating disorder). Participants answered forced-choice and free-response questions asking about the likelihood they would contact or visit the friend, and feelings about receiving the message. A general linear model was used to assess quantitative results, and qualitative responses were coded using the Delphi coding method. Participants responded positively, reporting a high likelihood to contact the friend, and feeling glad to receive the message regardless of vignette viewed; however, those who read the eating disorder vignette were significantly more likely to express discomfort. In qualitative responses, participants described positive emotions associated with the message and desire to support the friend. However, participants reported significantly greater discomfort with the eating disorder vignette. The results provide evidence for the potential of a short, standardized disclosure message to promote social support following chronic illness diagnosis with some additional considerations for those recently diagnosed with an eating disorder.