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We investigate the political bias of a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, which has become popular for retrieving factual information and generating content. Although ChatGPT assures that it is impartial, the literature suggests that LLMs exhibit bias involving race, gender, religion, and political orientation. Political bias in LLMs can have adverse political and electoral consequences similar to bias from traditional and social media. Moreover, political bias can be harder to detect and eradicate than gender or racial bias. We propose a novel empirical design to infer whether ChatGPT has political biases by requesting it to impersonate someone from a given side of the political spectrum and comparing these answers with its default. We also propose dose-response, placebo, and profession-politics alignment robustness tests. To reduce concerns about the randomness of the generated text, we collect answers to the same questions 100 times, with question order randomized on each round. We find robust evidence that ChatGPT presents a significant and systematic political bias toward the Democrats in the US, Lula in Brazil, and the Labour Party in the UK. These results translate into real concerns that ChatGPT, and LLMs in general, can extend or even amplify the existing challenges involving political processes posed by the Internet and social media. Our findings have important implications for policymakers, media, politics, and academia stakeholders.

NOABSTRACTThis short paper deals with Sanatan Economics and explains its importance and why Sanatan Economics should be studied.The work is based on the principles of Sanatan Dharma. The content is based on the Sanatan Scriptures, available literature, and the authors’ understanding of Sanatan Economics.Sanatan economics (in a narrow sense, it may be called Hindu Economics) deals with ethical principles, self-sufficiency, balanced economic growth, and responsible use of resources while considering the broader societal and moral context of economic activities. It should be used for the betterment of human life and positive societal change in terms of economic order, because sustainability, balanced economic growth, value-based economic decisions, vocals for local, self-sufficiency, and moral and ethical decisions are the needs of the present economic order.The study of Sanatan Economics enlightens the path for the betterment of societal economic change.

The authors investigate whether the home advantage in soccer differs by various dimensions of distance between the (regions of the) home and away teams: geographical distance, climatic differences, cultural distance, and disparities in economic prosperity. To this end, the authors analyse 2,012 recent matches played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League by means of several regression models. They find that when the home team plays at a higher altitude, they benefit substantially more from their home advantage. Every 100 meters of altitude difference is associated with an increase in expected probability to win the match, as the home team, by 1.1 percentage points. The other dimensions of distance are not significantly associated with a higher or lower home advantage. By contrast, the authors find that the home advantage in soccer is more outspoken when the number of spectators is higher and when the home team is substantially stronger than the away team.

The purpose of this study is to develop organisational ethics and encourage an ethical culture in the South African public sector. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of corruption indicates the need to observe the principles of organizational ethics to provide and preserve the circumstances necessary to support the integrity of democratic institutions and processes. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to adhere to ethical principles stipulated in Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, stipulating that democratic principles shall guide South Africa’s governmental administration. These goals may be achieved by implementing a strong organizational ethics management system. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: an overview of corruption in the South African public sector is explored, followed by an explanation regarding the significance of organizational ethics management in reducing corruption. The methodological tools of the research methods include a desktop study of the existing literature and official legislation and regulatory documents required for the research. Organizational ethics management was theoretically and contextually analyzed utilizing qualitative research methodologies and trend analysis. The results show that although the South African government has implemented remedial procedures to address unethical behavior in the public sector, the study found that financial mismanagement and corruption continue to predominate investigations, commissions of inquiry, and the media. These occurrences also include non-compliance with laws and regulations. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures are implemented improperly, and supervision mechanisms are not properly used or enforced. Based on the research results, proposals for policy changes and a list of priority corrective measures specific to the South African situation are made. The provided practical recommendations to support an ethical environment in the South African public sector may be helpful for representatives of the public administration and other public institutions. Although the subject of corruption is not new, it still needs ongoing dialogue and participation between academics, legislators, and policymakers to come up with solutions tailored to each nation.

The authors investigate whether the home advantage in soccer differs by various dimensions of distance between the (regions of the) home and away teams: geographical distance, climatic differences, cultural distance, and disparities in economic prosperity. To this end, the authors analyse 2,012 recent matches played in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League by means of several regression models. They find that when the home team plays at a higher altitude, they benefit substantially more from their home advantage. Every 100 meters of altitude difference is associated with an increase in expected probability to win the match, as the home team, by 1.1 percentage points. The other dimensions of distance are not significantly associated with a higher or lower home advantage. By contrast, the authors find that the home advantage in soccer is more outspoken when the number of spectators is higher and when the home team is substantially stronger than the away team.

We asked economic educators from around the country to identify five films that they found most useful in teaching economics. Our sample of 105 educators reflects wide-ranging opinions about the greatest films for teaching economics. We provide summaries of each of the Top 10 films in our list and short descriptions of the next 10. The films surveyed are an eclectic mix that spans different eras and genres. It is our hope that this list will spur conversations about economics among interested readers and economic educators.

Mediante un modelamiento de insumo-producto para medir sensibilidades y cambios estructurales de la producción, este estudio analiza cómo han evolucionado éstos en la economía chilena, y, en especial, la importancia que tiene el sector de la minería del cobre en este proceso. La información utilizada proviene de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y abarca un horizonte de 11 años (de 2005 a 2015). El estudio revela la importancia que el cobre tiene para el desarrollo de la economía chilena, lo cual se manifiesta en los cambios ocurridos en los tipos de relaciones formados en la oferta y la demanda de insumos que tiene esta actividad. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran un debilitamiento en las sensibilidades vinculadas con las relaciones de la industria manufacturera, efecto conocido en la literatura de insumo-producto como hollowing-out; esto es, en el debilitamiento de la complejidad de los encadenamientos productivos de la industria, que implica una reducción en la sensibilidad de los vínculos directos; indirectos locales y globales, y totales con el resto del sistema productivo.

We examine what factors affect the degree of price discrimination for an academic journal by analyzing data on 190 of the 208 economics journals indexed in the 2008 edition of Journal Citation Reports. We find that (i) the library-to-individual price ratio of a for-profit journal is 37% higher than that of a comparable nonprofit journal because the price premium of a forprofit journal in the library market is disproportionately larger than that in the individual market, (ii) journals with higher citations per page or impact factor are more price discriminatory, and (iii) Elsevier and Wiley-Blackwell practice the highest degree of price discrimination of all publishers.