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بيتر زنجر : مؤسس حرية الطباعة في العالم الجديد
جاء في الكتاب : استلقى زينجر على القش في سجنه بعد أن قضى خمس ساعات واقفا على قدميه، وهو لا يدري أي قرار سيتخذه المحلفون في قضيته، فالقاضي يطلب منهم أن يجرموه، وإذا ما قالوا إنه \"غير مذنب\" فيسيئون بذلك إلى القاضي، وربما ينتهي بهم الأمر إلى السجن.. ولم تنقض عشر دقائق حتى دخل السجان غرفة زينجر، وأيقظه من نومه العميق، فقال وهو لا يزال يغط في نومه : أجاء موعد الغداء؟ .. فأجابه الحارس : كلا إنك مدعو إلى المحكمة، فهب زينجر واقفا وقال : هل حانت لحظة لفظ القرار؟ .. وسار في حراسة جنديين إلى قاعة المحكمة، فوجدها تغص بالجماهير، ووقف رئيس هيئة المحلفين، لإعطاء القرار، فدعا الحضور إلى التزام الصمت، وصاح بأعلى صوته : أيها المحلفون هل اتخذتم قراركم ؟ .. فأجابه صوت عال أيضا : نعم لقد اتخذناه، إنه غير مذنب ! وقبل أن يعي زينجر حقيقة هذا القرار بلغته زفرات زوجته، ورأى دموعها تمتزج بابتسامتها.
Book
Curious Connections in Our Democracy History
When we study the beginning of our democracy, we have to begin in Philadelphia. Two pieces provide significant and noteworthy details about events that led to the creation and development of a fledgling democracy and are related directly to our current political times. These two Philadelphia stories have more in common with each other ... and today's current events ... than you might think. The first, \"It Happened Here in 1797,\" contrasts dramatically with the sad events of Jan. 6, 2021, when a mob stormed the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., to try to overcome an election. Instead of a change of government by blood, knives, or bullets, we had a change mandated by ballots in Philadelphia on March 4, 1797.
Journal Article
John Wilkes and the Constitutional Right to a Free Press in the United States
John Wilkes was a radical British politician who was extremely popular with many American revolutionaries and provided a powerful example of why liberty of the press was so critical. Wilkes was arrested, thrown out of Parliament, put into prison, and accused of treason and seditious libel. His legal travails, his publications, and his every movement were covered with great interest by the colonial newspapers. While a blasphemous and pornographic publication eventually tarnished his reputation, he was nonetheless an important force behind many American constitutional protections. This article explores a connection not previously developed-how John Wilkes was a key inspiration for the first-ever constitutional protection for a free press. The conclusion here is that Wilkes should be remembered for his crucial influence upon the American ideal of press freedom; his battle against seditious libel charges was a notable precedent for attitudes against control of the media on this side of the Atlantic.
Journal Article
Introduction
In the present special issue, we offer a concentration of studies that begin with a consideration of the responsibility law owes to ethics and range from examinations of law in such literature as Anthony Trollope's Phineas Redux, Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes mysteries, and the political writings of Samuel Coleridge to constructions of legal decisions invoking race and law in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Brown v. Board of Education (1954), and Parents Involved v. Seattle (2007), addressing jury issues in the trials of John Peter Zenger (1735) and Eleazer Oswald (1783), raising issues of sexual conduct in the trials of Oscar Wilde (1895), and considering serial murder in the trial of Dr. Thomas Cream (1892). The jury treated as a central figure of eighteenth-century law provides a means to examine the relationship of judges and lawyers and shifts in their authority over the jury.The juror's role as neighbor implies a common man approach that confronts an elite perspective on the law, humanizes the law (examined through the novel Modern Chivalry and the legal handbook Law's Miscellanies, both by Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Hugh Henry Brackenridge), even as it contributes to legal protections for the accused and to the development of rules of evidence and rules for witness testimony.
Journal Article