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A systematic literature review on accelerators
Over the past 15 years, accelerators emerged as a popular and distinct new form of intermediary organization, playing a key role in supporting entrepreneurial and innovation activities. To date, despite significant growth in accelerators research, there is still little understanding of how different forms of accelerators operate, and what outcomes they produce across different contexts. This paper reviews the existing scholarly research on accelerators using the Context–Intervention–Mechanism–Outcome framework and is based on the analysis of 98 research papers on accelerators published in the last 15 years. The analysis identifies four mechanisms which explain how accelerators operate and the role they play in supporting entrepreneurship and innovation: the validation of ideas and products; the provision of product development and models learning; the provision of support to increase startups’ market access and growth; and the provision of support for innovation. The paper identifies the methodological and theoretical gaps in current research and provides avenues to support future research and industry practice.
Journal Article
Demonstration of cooling by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
The use of accelerated beams of electrons, protons or ions has furthered the development of nearly every scientific discipline. However, high-energy muon beams of equivalent quality have not yet been delivered. Muon beams can be created through the decay of pions produced by the interaction of a proton beam with a target. Such ‘tertiary’ beams have much lower brightness than those created by accelerating electrons, protons or ions. High-brightness muon beams comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators could facilitate the study of lepton–antilepton collisions at extremely high energies and provide well characterized neutrino beams
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. Such muon beams could be realized using ionization cooling, which has been proposed to increase muon-beam brightness
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. Here we report the realization of ionization cooling, which was confirmed by the observation of an increased number of low-amplitude muons after passage of the muon beam through an absorber, as well as an increase in the corresponding phase-space density. The simulated performance of the ionization cooling system is consistent with the measured data, validating designs of the ionization cooling channel in which the cooling process is repeated to produce a substantial cooling effect
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. The results presented here are an important step towards achieving the muon-beam quality required to search for phenomena at energy scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider at a facility of equivalent or reduced footprint
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Ionization cooling, a technique that delivers high-brightness muon beams for the study of phenomena at energy scales beyond those of the Large Hadron Collider, is demonstrated by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment.
Journal Article
Hard X-ray inverse Compton scattering at photon energy of 87.5 keV
Production of hard X-ray via inverse Compton scattering at photon energies below 100 keV range aimed at potential applications in medicine and material research is reported. Experiments have been performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Accelerator Test Facility, employing the counter collision of a 70 MeV, 0.3 nC electron beam with a near infra-red Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength) pulse containing 100 mJ in a single shot basis. The radiation distribution of the scattered photon beam is assessed to be sufficiently quasi monochromatic to produce clear contrast from the Au K- edge at 80.7 keV.
Journal Article
Hands-On Accelerator Physics Using MATLAB
Hands-On Accelerator Physics Using MATLAB®, Second Edition, provides a broad introduction into the physics and the technology of particle accelerators from synchrotron light sources to high-energy colliders. It covers the design of beam optics, magnets, and radio-frequency systems, followed by a discussion of beam instrumentation and correction algorithms. Later chapters deal with the interaction of beams with targets, the emission of synchrotron radiation, and intensity limitations. Chapters discussing running and future accelerators round up the presentation. Theoretical concepts and the design of key components are explained with the help of MATLAB code. Practical topics, such as beam size measurements, magnet construction and measurements, and radio-frequency measurements are explored in student labs that do not require access to an accelerator. This unique approach provides a look at what goes on \"\"under the hood\"\" inside modern accelerators and presents readers with the tools to perform their independent investigations on the computer or in student labs. This book will be of interest to graduate students, post-graduate researchers studying accelerator physics, as well as engineers entering the field. The second edition features a new chapter on future accelerators and several new sections on polarization, neutrino beams, testing of superconducting cavities, and matching in longitudinal phase space, among others. The MATLAB code was updated to be consistent with the recent release of R2024a. All code is available from the book’s GitHub site at https://github.com/volkziem/HandsOnAccelerators2nd. Key features: Provides a broad introduction into physics of particle accelerators from synchrotron light sources to high-energy colliders. Discusses technical subsystems, including magnets, radio-frequency engineering, instrumentation and diagnostics, correction of imperfections, control, vacuum, and cryogenics. Illustrates key concepts with sample code in MATLAB.
eBook
Precision studies for string derived Formula omitted dynamics at the LHC
We consider [Formula omitted]s in heterotic string derived models and study [Formula omitted] resonant production at the TeV scale at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We use various kinematic differential distributions for the Drell-Yan process at NNLO in QCD to explore the parameter space of such models and investigate [Formula omitted] couplings. In particular, we study the impact of Z- [Formula omitted] kinetic-mixing interactions on forward-backward asymmetry ( [Formula omitted]) and other distributions at the LHC.
Journal Article
interview: Weiping Zhang
In an interview, Weiping Zhang from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China talks about the research behind his paper MEMS-based piezoelectric BAW resonator based on out-of-plane degenerate mode for the micro angular detector. Their main research focuses on the following two fields: inertial navigation technology and micro aerial vehicles. The inertial navigation technology that they are researching includes gyroscopes, accelerators and inertial measurement units. The aim of their team is to achieve the miniaturisation of non-silicon devices while keeping good characteristics. Traditional devices meet some problems during miniaturisation, and some devices based on the new methods will be coming through in the next few years.
Journal Article
Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling framework for low-power embedded GPUs
Computational power of embedded graphics processing units (GPUs) in mobile system-on-chips has been increasing steadily to provide high quality user experience related to 2D and 3D graphics. Moreover, the architecture of embedded GPUs is evolving from graphic accelerators into streaming multiprocessors, which enables programmers to use GPUs for general parallel processing. Workload variations in mobile GPU applications are explored to discover the potential of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) on embedded GPUs. A DVFS framework which considers GPUs as computing devices, not graphic accelerators, is proposed. The experimental results show that a conventional processor DVFS policy can achieve power reduction of embedded GPUs with reasonable performance degradation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Laser wakefield accelerators: capabilities and limits of a two-quadrupole transport line
For Laser WakeField Accelerators with dedicated applications, the role of the transport line is essential, as its mission is to drive the accelerated beam from the plasma exit to the application, where all the requirements on beam quality should be met. This article investigates a two-quadrupole transport line with typical beam parameters at its entrance and exit. Consequences on its capacities and limits are discussed, considering the emittance growth that can be significant.
Journal Article
Towards a muon collider
A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.
Journal Article