Explore the vast range of titles available.

The aim of this review is to provide a review of the immune system in fish, including the ontogeny, mechanisms of unspecific and acquired immunity and the action of some immunomodulators. Fish rely on their innate immune system for an extended period of time, beginning at the early stages of embryogenesis. The components of the innate immune response are divided into physical, cellular and humoral factors and include humoral and cellular receptor molecules that are soluble in plasma and other body fluids. The lymphoid organs found in fish include the thymus, spleen and kidney. Immunoglobulins are the principal components of the immune response against pathogenic organisms. Immunomodulatory products, including nucleotides, glucans and probiotics, are increasingly used in aquaculture production. The use of these products reduces the need for therapeutic treatments, enhances the effects of vaccines and, in turn, improves the indicators of production.

Most books on film adaptation—the relation between films and their literary sources—focus on a series of close one-to-one comparisons between specific films and canonical novels. This volume identifies and investigates a far wider array of problems posed by the process of adaptation. Beginning with an examination of why adaptation study has so often supported the institution of literature rather than fostering the practice of literacy, Thomas Leitch considers how the creators of short silent films attempted to give them the weight of literature, what sorts of fidelity are possible in an adaptation of sacred scripture, what it means for an adaptation to pose as an introduction to, rather than a transcription of, a literary classic, and why and how some films have sought impossibly close fidelity to their sources. After examining the surprisingly divergent fidelity claims made by three different kinds of canonical adaptations, Leitch's analysis moves beyond literary sources to consider why a small number of adapters have risen to the status of auteurs and how illustrated books, comic strips, video games, and true stories have been adapted to the screen. The range of films studied, from silent Shakespeare to Sherlock Holmes to The Lord of the Rings, is as broad as the problems that come under review.

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely applied in educational research, resulting in multiple adaptations and methodological variations. This systematic review examines how recent scientific literature has employed TAM to investigate educational technology. A total of 55 JCR-indexed articles published between 2017 and 2021 were selected through a PRISMA-guided process following the PICOC framework and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal increasing scholarly interest, with a predominance of quantitative, cross-sectional designs and studies conducted mainly in higher education contexts. The reviewed works primarily analysed TAM in relation to digital learning environments, specific tools and platforms, pedagogical applications, and the determinants of technology acceptance. Overall, the literature confirms that TAM remains a robust and consistent framework for interpreting technology acceptance in educational settings. El model d'Acceptació de Tecnologia (TAM) ha estat aplicat a diferents contextos, usos i finalitats. En aquest sentit, ha patit mutacions, adaptacions i ampliacions en funció del seu ús. En aquesta investigació es duu a terme una revisió sistemàtica per analitzar com la literatura científica ha tractat, la tecnologia educativa des de la perspectiva del TAM. Per a això, es van seleccionar, mitjançant el protocol PRISMA, 55 treballs inclosos en la base Journal Citation Report. Els resultats van mostrar una producció a l'alça, essent Taiwan el país més prolífic. En els treballs revisats es va analitzar, principalment, la relació del TAM amb l'E-Learning/M-Learning, les eines i aplicacions utilitzades, les plataformes emprades, els plans educatius, les xarxes socials i l'ús de MOOC. A tall de conclusió, el TAM s'ha mostrat com una eina eficaç per vehicular les anàlisis dels investigadors. El modelo de la Aceptación de Tecnología (TAM) ha sido aplicado a diferentes contextos, usos y finalidades. En este sentido, ha sufrido mutaciones, adaptaciones y ampliaciones en función de su uso. En esta investigación se realiza una revisión sistemática para analizar cómo la literatura científica ha tratado la tecnología educativa desde la perspectiva del TAM. Para ello se seleccionaron, a través del protocolo PRISMA, 55 trabajos incluidos en la base Journal Citation Report. Los resultados mostraron una producción al alza, siendo Taiwán el país más prolífico. En los trabajos revisados se analizó, principalmente, la relación de TAM con el E-Learning/M-Learning, las herramientas y aplicaciones usadas, las plataformas utilizadas, los planes educativos, las redes sociales y el uso de MOOC. A modo de conclusión, el TAM se ha mostrado como un instrumento eficaz para vehicular los análisis de los investigadores.

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely applied in educational research, resulting in multiple adaptations and methodological variations. This systematic review examines how recent scientific literature has employed TAM to investigate educational technology. A total of 55 JCR-indexed articles published between 2017 and 2021 were selected through a PRISMA-guided process following the PICOC framework and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal increasing scholarly interest, with a predominance of quantitative, cross-sectional designs and studies conducted mainly in higher education contexts. The reviewed works primarily analysed TAM in relation to digital learning environments, specific tools and platforms, pedagogical applications, and the determinants of technology acceptance. Overall, the literature confirms that TAM remains a robust and consistent framework for interpreting technology acceptance in educational settings El modelo de la Aceptación de Tecnología (TAM) ha sido aplicado a diferentes contextos, usos y finalidades. En este sentido, ha sufrido mutaciones, adaptaciones y ampliaciones en función de su uso. En esta investigación se realiza una revisión sistemática para analizar cómo la literatura científica ha tratado la tecnología educativa desde la perspectiva del TAM. Para ello se seleccionaron, a través del protocolo PRISMA, 55 trabajos incluidos en la base Journal Citation Report. Los resultados mostraron una producción al alza, siendo Taiwán el país más prolífico. En los trabajos revisados se analizó, principalmente, la relación de TAM con el E-Learning/M-Learning, las herramientas y aplicaciones usadas, las plataformas utilizadas, los planes educativos, las redes sociales y el uso de MOOC. A modo de conclusión, el TAM se ha mostrado como un instrumento eficaz para vehicular los análisis de los investigadores El model d'Acceptació de Tecnologia (TAM) ha estat aplicat a diferents contextos, usos i finalitats. En aquest sentit, ha patit mutacions, adaptacions i ampliacions en funció del seu ús. En aquesta investigació es duu a terme una revisió sistemàtica per analitzar com la literatura científica ha tractat, la tecnologia educativa des de la perspectiva del TAM. Per a això, es van seleccionar, mitjançant el protocol PRISMA, 55 treballs inclosos en la base Journal Citation Report. Els resultats van mostrar una producció a l'alça, essent Taiwan el país més prolífic. En els treballs revisats es va analitzar, principalment, la relació del TAM amb l'E-Learning/M-Learning, les eines i aplicacions utilitzades, les plataformes emprades, els plans educatius, les xarxes socials i l'ús de MOOC. A tall de conclusió, el TAM s'ha mostrat com una eina eficaç per vehicular les anàlisis dels investigadors

Near‐shore marine environments are increasingly subjected to reduced water quality, and their ability to withstand it is critical to their persistence. The potential role marine reserves may play in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality has received little attention. We investigated the spatial and temporal variability in live coral and macro‐algal cover and water quality during moderate and major flooding events of the Fitzroy River within the Keppel Bay region of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from 2007 to 2013. We used 7 years of remote sensing data on water quality and data from long‐term monitoring of coral reefs to quantify exposure of coral reefs to flood plumes. We used a distance linear model to partition the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors, including zoning, as drivers of the observed changes in coral and macro‐algae cover. Moderate flood plumes from 2007 to 2009 did not affect coral cover on reefs in the Keppel Islands, suggesting the reef has intrinsic resistance against short‐term exposure to reduced water quality. However, from 2009 to 2013, live coral cover declined by ∼50% following several weeks of exposure to turbid, low salinity water from major flood plume events in 2011 and subsequent moderate events in 2012 and 2013. Although the flooding events in 2012 and 2013 were smaller than the flooding events between 2007 to 2009, the ability of the reefs to withstand these moderate floods was lost, as evidenced by a ∼20% decline in coral cover between 2011 to 2013. Although zoning (no‐take reserve or fished) was identified a significant driver of coral cover, we recorded consistently lower coral cover on reserve reefs than on fished reefs throughout the study period and significantly lower cover in 2011. Our findings suggest that even reefs with an inherent resistance to reduced water quality are not able to withstand repeated disturbance events. The limitations of reserves in mitigating the effects of reduced water quality on near‐shore coral reefs underscores the importance of integrated management approaches that combine effective land‐based management with networks of no‐take reserves.

We examine issues to consider when reframing conservation science and practice in the context of global change. New framings of the links between ecosystems and society are emerging that are changing peoples' values and expectations of nature, resulting in plural perspectives on conservation. Reframing conservation for global change can thus be regarded as a stage in the evolving relationship between people and nature rather than some recent trend. New models of how conservation links with transformative adaptation include how decision contexts for conservation can be reframed and integrated with an adaptation pathways approach to create new options for global-change-ready conservation. New relationships for conservation science and governance include coproduction of knowledge that supports social learning. New processes for implementing adaptation for conservation outcomes include deliberate practices used to develop new strategies, shift world views, work with conflict, address power and intergenerational equity in decisions, and build consciousness and creativity that empower agents to act. We argue that reframing conservation for global change requires scientists and practitioners to implement approaches unconstrained by discipline and sectoral boundaries, geopolitical polarities, or technical problematization. We consider a stronger focus on inclusive creation of knowledge and the interaction of this knowledge with societal values and rules is likely to result in conservation science and practice that meets the challenges of a postnormal world. Examinamos cuestiones para considerar cuándo se deben modificar los marcos de trabajo de la ciencia y la práctica de la conservación en el contexto del cambio global. Nuevos marcos de trabajo sobre las conexiones entre los ecosistemas y la sociedad están emergiendo y están cambiando los valores de las personas y las expectativas de la naturaleza, lo que resulta en perspectivas plurales sobre la conservación. La modificación de los marcos de trabajo de la conservación para el cambio global puede por lo tanto ser considerado como una fase de la relación en evolución entre la gente y la naturaleza, en lugar de una tendencia reciente. Los nuevos modelos sobre sobre la relación de la conservación con la adaptación transformativa incluyen la forma en que los contextos de las decisiones pueden ser re-enmarcados e integrados dentro de una estrategia de vías de adaptación para crear nuevas opciones para la conservación lista para el cambio global. Las nuevas relaciones para la ciencia de la conservación y la gobemanza incluyen la co-producción de conocimiento que apoye el aprendizaje social. Los nuevos procesos para la implementación de la adaptación para resultados de conservación incluyen prácticas deliberadas usadas para desarrollar estrategias nuevas, cambiar las visiones globales, trabajar con el conflicto, dirigirse al poder y a la equidad intergeneracional en las decisiones, y construir conciencia y creatividad que empodere a los agentes para actuar. Argumentamos que la modificación de los marcos de trabajo de la conservación para el cambio global requiere que los científicos y los practicantes implementen estrategias que no estén restringidas por disciplina ni fronteras sectoriales, polaridades geopolíticas, o problemas técnicos. Consideramos que un mayor enfoque en la creación inclusiva del conocimiento y la interacción de este conocimiento con los valores y las reglas sociales probablemente resulten en una ciencia y práctica de la conservación que cumpla con los retos de un mundo pos-normal.

Shakespeare and the Force of Modern Performance asks a central theoretical question in the study of drama: what is the relationship between the dramatic text and the meanings of performance? Developing the notion of 'performativity' explored by J. L. Austin, Judith Butler, and others, Worthen argues that the text cannot govern the force of its performance. Instead the text becomes significant only as embodied in the changing conventions of its performance. Worthen explores this understanding of dramatic performativity by interrogating several contemporary sites of Shakespeare production. He analyses how Shakespeare is recreated in historical performance, exemplified by the Globe Theatre on Bankside; by international and intercultural performance; by film; and by the appearance of Shakespeare on the Internet. The book includes detailed discussions of recent film and stage productions, and sets Shakespeare performance alongside other works of contemporary drama and theatre.

The working alliance is one of the most widely studied constructs in psychotherapy process research. The purpose of our study was to adapt the patient and therapist forms of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-P and WAI-T) into Spanish. Both measurement instruments were translated into Spanish through a systematic translation process. The psychometric properties of the instruments were evaluated in both a pilot study and a clinical study involving Spanish outpatients with depressive disorders and their therapists. In the clinical study, patients completed the Spanish-language Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) prior to initiating therapy and after the third and tenth psychotherapy sessions. High average scores were obtained with the Spanish-language WAI-P and WAI-T. A large number of individual items correlated satisfactorily with the overall score for the corresponding subscale. Both measures demonstrated excellent reliability (internal consistency) and convergent validity. There were some limitations in the discriminant validity of the measures vs. measures of empathy. Regarding predictive validity, the overall WAI-P and the Task subscale of the WAI-T separately explained a moderate percentage of the variance in patient change in the BDI after the tenth psychotherapy session. These results were satisfactory and consistent with those obtained in studies using the English-language WAI.

This review examines potential impacts of transgenic cultivars on insect population dynamics and evolution. Experience with classically bred, insecticidal cultivars has demonstrated that a solid understanding of both the target insect's ecology and the cultivar's performance under varied field conditions will be essential for predicting area-wide effects of transgenic cultivars on pest and natural enemy dynamics. This experience has also demonstrated the evolutionary capacity of pests for adaptive response to insecticidal traits in crops. Biochemical and genetic studies of insect adaptation to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins expressed by currently marketed transgenic cultivars indicate a high risk for rapid adaptation if these cultivars are misused. Theoretical and practical issues involved in implementing strategies to delay pest adaptation to insecticidal cultivars are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on examining the \"high dose\"/refuge strategy that has become the goal of industry and regulatory authorities.

En este trabajo realizamos una exploración inicial sobre medidas de adaptación implementadas en nuestra región frente a Eventos Hidrometeorológicos Extremos (EHE) en zonas rurales, identificando tanto experiencias positivas como negativas.  Estas medidas son extraídas de estudios de casos realizados en sitios seleccionados en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Ecuador; describiendo las experiencias de diferentes actores y organizaciones sociales. Se utilizaron tanto fuentes primarias (expertos, involucrados/afectados) como secundarias (bases de datos, artículos científicos, publicaciones oficiales, notas de prensa, etc.). El primer desafío encontrado fue la definición de EHE;  en primer lugar, puesto que la misma cambia si se la enfoca desde el punto de vista meteorológico o hidrológico; en segundo lugar no existe acuerdo en la definición de valores límites para caracterizar estos eventos dentro de la región, dadas sus características socio-ambientales; y en tercer lugar en muchos de los sitios donde se realizó este estudio no existen registros lo suficientemente largos y confiables para poder cuantificar los EHE. En vista de lo anterior decidimos utilizar una definición “empírica” de EHE, dejando que sean los actores sociales que vivieron la experiencia los que determinen cuando ocurrió un evento de esa naturaleza. A pesar de las diferencias en la vulnerabilidad y los impactos sobre los paisajes rurales que se encuentran en cada estudio de caso, esta investigación sugiere que la gestión integrada de los paisajes a nivel comunitario  permite  a los productores agrícolas adoptar medidas de adaptación a su debido tiempo y preparar a las comunidades rurales para enfrentarse y responder ante la ocurrencia de EHE.   Esto ilustra la importancia de mantener paisajes multifuncionales, donde los agroecosistemas se combinan con ecosistemas para amortiguar el impacto negativo de los EHE, principalmente a través de procesos de regulación hídrica. Finalmente entre las lecciones aprendidas más importantes se identificaron las siguientes: La demanda de una adecuada transferencia de la información; la necesidad de promoción del capital social; la importancia de tener un Estado desempeñando un rol proactivo; la relevancia de tener una prensa que oriente y no escandalice; y la necesidad de contar con mecanismos óptimos para estimación de costos.