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This study is concerned with the problem of dynamical distributed consensus for multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics. Following the nearest neighbour rule, an adaptive consensus protocol is designed for such systems without using any global information, where the coupling weight of an agent from its neighbours adaptively updates according to the differences from the mean activity of the agent and its neighbours. The analysis shows that, under some mild assumptions, the adaptive law can achieve local and global consensus for any network with connected communication graph. Numerical simulations, illustrated by a common second-order consensus example, are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented results.

This study addresses the robust consensus tracking problem of multi-agent systems with uncertain Lur’e-type non-linear dynamics under a fixed topology. To achieve consensus tracking, a class of discontinuous control protocols are first proposed, which rely on the relative information among the neighbouring agents. Theoretical analysis indicates that the robust consensus tracking of uncertain Lur’e network can be achieved if the coupling strength and the control gain are both larger than the thresholds depending on some global information of the network. Then, an adaptive consensus tracking protocol is further designed to solve the robust consensus tracking problem as a modification of a fully distributed version without the need of any global information of the multi-agent systems. Furthermore, as an expansion of the discontinuous protocols, a new class of continuous control laws are developed based on the boundary layer concept. Finally, a couple of examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

This paper studies the consensus problem for a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems via a network with random packet dropouts. Based on the dynamic linearization technique, novel model-free adaptive consensus protocols with the data compensation mechanism are designed for both leaderless and leader-following cases. The advantage of this approach is that only neighborhood input and output data of the agents are required in the protocol design. For the stability analysis, a new Squeeze Theorem based method is developed to derive the theoretic results instead of the traditional contraction mapping principle used in model-free adaptive control. It is shown that the consensus can be achieved for both leaderless and leader-following cases if the communication topology is strongly connected. Finally, numerical simulations verifying the correctness of the theoretical results are given.

This study presents a consensus region approach to designing distributed consensus protocols for multi-agent systems with general continuous-time linear node dynamics. The consensus region approach has a favourable decoupling feature, which decouples the design of the feedback gain matrices of the consensus protocols from the communication graph. Multi-step algorithms are presented to construct the fixed-gain consensus protocols, which requires the smallest non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix. To remove this limitation, distributed adaptive protocols with time-varying coupling weights are designed for the cases with undirected and directed graphs, which can be implemented in a fully distributed fashion. The robustness issue of the adaptive protocols in the presence of external disturbances is also discussed. For the case where there exists a leader of bounded unknown control input, distributed discontinuous and continuous controllers are designed to solve the distributed tracking problem.

In this study, the authors investigate the cluster synchronisation of coupled harmonic oscillators with multiple leaders in an undirected fixed network. Unlike many existing algorithms for cluster synchronisation of complex dynamical networks or group consensus of multi-agent systems, which require global information of the underlying network such as eigenvalues of the coupling matrix or centralised control protocols, we propose a novel decentralised adaptive cluster synchronisation protocol for coupled harmonic oscillators. By using the decentralised adaptive cluster synchronisation protocol and without using any global information of the underlying network, all oscillators in the same group asymptotically synchronise with the corresponding leader even when only one oscillator in each group has access to the information of the corresponding leader. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.

Conventional droop control (a decentralized method to regulate power sharing by adjusting voltage–current slopes) in DC microgrids faces challenges in balancing precise current distribution, bus voltage regulation, and communication pressure, especially in distributed energy management scenarios. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an adaptive control strategy combining three layers: (1) Primary control achieves power sharing and voltage stabilization via U-I droop characteristics for distributed energy resources (DERs); (2) Secondary control corrects voltage deviations and droop coefficient imbalances through multi-agent consensus algorithms, ensuring global equilibrium; (3) Event-triggered consensus control minimizes communication pressure via a novel protocol with time-varying coupling weights and a hybrid trigger function combining state variables and time-decaying terms rigorously proven to exclude Zeno behavior (i.e., infinite triggering in finite time) using Lyapunov stability theory.

This paper aims to solve the consensus problem of three different types of multi-agent systems under fixed communication delay. For these three different types of multi-agent systems, three new control protocols are constructed to solve the consensus issue of multi-agent systems with coupling weights, which is rarely considered in other related articles. For fixed coupled multi-agent systems, a new control strategy is designed by Lyapunov theory, matrix theory, and the inequality method to ensure the consensus of multi-agent systems. An adaptive coupling weight updating scheme is proposed for adaptive coupling multi-agent systems to achieve the consensus state of the multi-agent systems. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed three different algorithms.

This paper investigates the distributed consensus for a class of second-order nonlinear multiagent systems, where agents communicate with each other on switching networks. By the adaptive control and the backstepping design techniques, a novel protocol is proposed under the restriction that global information, including the number of agents and the topology information, is unavailable. Using the Lyapunov functional method, it is proven that the underlying multiagent systems can reach complete consensus via the developed protocol without the topology dwell time constraint. Then, the proposed results are extended to the consensus problem of multiagent systems with external disturbances. By skillfully integrating the adaptive control and non-smooth control strategies, the external disturbance is well suppressed and the asymptotical consensus can be reached. Finally, we provide numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the given protocols.

This paper investigates the adaptive fuzzy leader-following consensus problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown nonlinear dynamics via state-constraint impulsive control. The fuzzy logic systems(FLSs) are established to estimate the unknown nonlinear dynamics. Meanwhile, the purpose of designing one adaptive parameter is to reduce the impact on uncertain factors of FLSs, where this parameter is constantly adjusted by exchanging required information between follower agents and its neighbors. The impulsive control theory is applied to reduce the cost of continuous communication due to the achievement of discontinuous control, where follower agents only communicate with leader agent at fixed impulsive instants. To consider the physical or environmental constraints in real control systems, the state-constraint based on saturation function is introduced to MASs. Then, both adaptive fuzzy control and state-constraint impulsive control are employed to guarantee that total agents can converge to consensus. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results.

This paper mainly focuses on the fixed-time consensus (FXC) control problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs). For the cases of leader-following and leaderless, two adaptive discontinuous protocols are designed, respectively, to realize our control goals. Common adaptive control protocols always significantly increase the dimension of the considered system model, while the protocols presented here only require two adaptive update laws and are therefore simpler to apply in the engineering control. Moreover, no additional conditions are required to ensure that the system can achieve FXC successfully, except for some necessary assumptions. Simulation examples also illustrate that these two protocols are effective.