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The \Birth\ of Italy : The Institutionalization of Italy as a Region, 3rd-1st Century BCE
\"This book deals with the widely debated question about the existence of an 'Italian identity' in the time of the Roman Republic. Moving from theories and models developed in the field of social geography, the volume investigates the forms in which Italy was transformed into a region, with a clear territorial and symbolic shape, and approaches therefore from a new and original direction the question of the development of a 'regional identity'.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Changes in ecosystem carbon sequestration and their driving mechanisms in ethnic autonomous and non-autonomous areas of Western China
Understanding ecosystem carbon sequestration change and its environmental drivers is fundamental for revealing regional carbon sink patterns and ecosystem response processes, yet differences in carbon sequestration dynamics between ethnic autonomous and non-autonomous areas in western China remain insufficiently explored. Here, these two regional types were regarded as socio-ecological units with distinct environmental backgrounds, ecosystem compositions, land-use structures, and governance contexts. Using total carbon sink (TCS), net primary productivity (NPP), and multi-source data from 2001 to 2025, we combined trend analysis, ridge regression, and interpretable machine learning to investigate differences in carbon sequestration change, climate sensitivity, and driving mechanisms between the two regional types. The results showed that ecosystem carbon sequestration in western China increased significantly during 2001–2025, with TCS rising from 1.40 to 1.60 PgC·yr -1 and NPP increasing from 440 to 500 gC·m -2 ·yr -1 . Ethnic autonomous areas constituted the dominant component of the regional carbon sink, with TCS increasing from 1.14 to 1.27 PgC·yr -1 and NPP increasing from 420 to 480 gC·m -2 ·yr -1 , contributing 78.55% of the total NPP and 106.29% to interannual variability. In contrast, non-autonomous areas had lower total carbon sink values but higher mean NPP and steeper growth rates, with TCS increasing from 0.25 to 0.33 PgC·yr -1 and NPP increasing from 550 to 650 gC·m -2 ·yr -1 . NPP in ethnic autonomous areas was more sensitive to precipitation and soil moisture, indicating stronger water limitation, whereas non-autonomous areas showed a more pronounced increase in temperature sensitivity and greater weakening in sensitivity to VPD and radiation. Analysis of driving mechanisms further revealed a climate-dominated pattern in ethnic autonomous areas and a more pronounced pattern of joint soil–climate control in non-autonomous areas. These differences reflect combined effects of administrative characteristics, environmental gradients, ecosystem composition, and land-use intensity, rather than administrative status alone.
Journal Article
Los nuevos retos y tendencias del derecho administrativo en Alemania
Hoy el derecho administrativo en Alemania tiene que aportar esencialmente a superar retos nacionales, europeos y globales. La seguridad de las personas, la protección del ambiente, la creación de una infraestructura industrial y económica moderna, pero también la información, la protección jurídica y la protección de datos son algunas de las materias en las que se hace especialmente visible una necesidad de continuo desarrollo del derecho administrativo. Bajo la notable influencia del derecho europeo y del derecho internacional público, Alemania reacciona a estos retos también con ayuda de su derecho administrativo de manera diferenciada. La prevención estatal de peligros es fortalecida, para otras tareas públicas se facilita en gran medida una privatización y el Estado se limita a garantizar que los privados cumplan satisfactoriamente las tareas públicas. Una mayor transparencia de la actuación administrativa y nuevos derechos informativos deben fortalecer la protección ambiental y la aceptación de la planeación estatal de infraestructura. Se deben alcanzar todos los objetivos sin descuidar la protección de datos y la protección jurídica de los ciudadanos.Esto se logra con la ayuda del legislativo, del ejecutivo, del judicial y de la ciencia jurídica, pues el derecho administrativo alemán cuenta con un fundamento fijo del Estado de derecho y una sistemática y dogmática acreditadas e idóneas para el futuro
Journal Article
Do Voters Dislike Working-Class Candidates? Voter Biases and the Descriptive Underrepresentation of the Working Class
In most democracies, lawmakers tend to be vastly better off than the citizens who elect them. Is that because voters prefer more affluent politicians over leaders from working-class backgrounds? In this article, we report the results of candidate choice experiments embedded in surveys in Britain, the United States, and Argentina. Using conjoint designs, we asked voters in these different contexts to choose between two hypothetical candidates, randomly varying several of the candidates’ personal characteristics, including whether they had worked in blue-collar or white-collar jobs. Contrary to the idea that voters prefer affluent politicians, the voters in our experiments viewed hypothetical candidates from the working class as equally qualified, more relatable, and just as likely to get their votes. Voters do not seem to be behind the shortage of working-class politicians. To the contrary, British, American, and Argentine voters seem perfectly willing to cast their ballots for working-class candidates.
Journal Article
Validation of the Combined Comorbidity Index of Charlson and Elixhauser to Predict 30-Day Mortality Across ICD-9 and ICD-10
OBJECTIVES:To validate and compare performance of an International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) version of a combined comorbidity index merging conditions of Charlson and Elixhauser measures against individual measures in the prediction of 30-day mortality. To select a weight derivation method providing optimal performance across ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding systems.
RESEARCH DESIGN:Using 2 adult population-based cohorts of patients with hospital admissions in ICD-9 (2005, n=337,367) and ICD-10 (2011, n=348,820), we validated a combined comorbidity index by predicting 30-day mortality with logistic regression. To appreciate performance of the Combined index and both individual measures, factors impacting indices performance such as population characteristics and weight derivation methods were accounted for. We applied 3 scoring methods (Van Walraven, Schneeweiss, and Charlson) and determined which provides best predictive values.
RESULTS:Combined index [c-statistics0.853 (95% confidence intervalCI, 0.848–0.856)] performed better than original Charlson [0.841 (95% CI, 0.835–0.844)] or Elixhauser [0.841 (95% CI, 0.837–0.844)] measures on ICD-10 cohort. All weight derivation methods provided close high discrimination results for the Combined index (Van Walraven0.852, Schneeweiss0.851, Charlson0.849). Results were consistent across both coding systems.
CONCLUSIONS:The Combined index remains valid with both ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding systems and the 3 weight derivation methods evaluated provided consistent high performance across those coding systems.
Journal Article
Institutional Complexity and Policy Implementation: How Underlying Logics Drive Teacher Interpretations of Reform
One critical factor in policy implementation is how teachers interpret policy. Previous research largely overlooks how the broader culture shapes teachers' interpretations. In the current research, we explore how teachers' interpretations of instructional reforms are associated with the logics of broad societal institutions. Our longitudinal mixed-methods study of 117 teachers at three urban public schools demonstrates that teachers' interpretations are rooted in market accountability logics, professional bureaucracy logics, and communal sentiment logics. Teachers' logics partially depend on their school and community contexts. The most substantive differences in teachers 'logics result from individual attributes, namely, race/ethnicity. One implication is that effective policy implementation depends on formulation and framing that address the multiple and potentially competing logics that motivate teachers' responses to reform.
Journal Article
A Job Demands-Resources Approach to Public Service Motivation
This article uses job demands–resources theory to build a model of public service motivation (PSM). Public service motivation determines how employees in the public sector deal with their daily job demands and resources. Highly motivated public servants are able to deal with their job demands and prevent exhaustion. Additionally, because of their sense of calling, they are motivated to mobilize their job resources to stay engaged and perform well. However, if job demands are consistently high and job resources are consistently low, highly motivated public servants will lose their psychological resources, resulting in lower PSM. Reduced PSM, as a consequence, may strengthen the loss cycle of job demands and exhaustion and weaken the gain cycle of job resources and engagement. Public service managers and employees may use this model to optimize their work environment on a day-to-day basis.
Journal Article
Are personal innovativeness and social influence critical to continue with mobile commerce?
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report a study investigating the impact of personal innovativeness in information technology (PIIT) and social influence on user continuance intention toward mobile commerce (m-commerce) in the USA.
Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate mobile users in a regional university. Structural equation modeling procedures were deployed to analyse 323 valid data points.
Findings
– The study found that among well-educated m-commerce users, user personal innovativeness as measured by PIIT and perceived usefulness, the determinants of initial adoption, remain as strong determinants of user continuance intention. PIIT also remains as the antecedent of perceived ease of use. Social influence has changed the pattern of influence on continuance intention.
Research limitations/implications
– This study is unable to investigate m-commerce user expectations and satisfaction levels. The small and convenient sample does not offer guarantee of the findings.
Practical implications
– M-commerce providers should pay adequate attention to personal innovativeness, since it affects mobile user willingness and capability to welcome and adapt to new services and features. They should always utilize social channels to gather feedback, to distribute new changes or features, and to exert positive influence.
Originality/value
– This study is one of the few examining the effect of PIIT in a post-adoption context and confirms its long-term psychological influence on continuance intention toward m-commerce. This study is also one of the initial to use discursive power perspective to study social influence on continuance intention in the mobile context.
Journal Article
The Impact of Environmental Education on Environmental and Renewable Energy Technology Awareness: Empirical Evidence from Colombia
This paper empirically investigates to what extent environmental education (EE) at school can explain variation in environmental literacy of 15-year-olds in Colombia, while controlling for several other student- and school-level confounding factors. We use a two-level nested model, where the individual observations are nested within schools. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation method, we estimate a linear mixed model which contains both fixed effects and random effects. Our empirical results only provide weak evidence that environmental education can promote a higher level of environmental awareness. The relationship between environmental education and awareness of renewable energy technologies (RETs) is even weaker. Our findings therefore suggest that environmental education should not be considered a magic bullet in promoting environmental literacy among students. Additionally, we find more reliable predictors for environmental awareness than for awareness of RETs. Overall, the socio-economic status, stronger student science abilities, parent characteristics, and a few school-level characteristics such as quality of education resources and school ownership (public versus private) seem to be decisive factors for varying levels of environmental literacy among students in Colombia.
Journal Article