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Preventing childhood obesity
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early
childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we
begin the 21st-century with a shocking development-an epidemic of obesity
in children and youth. The increased number of obese children
throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank
it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century.
Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the
nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth,
including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible
for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented
action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and
longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and
responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to
reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the
underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to
initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can
reverse the trend among our children and youth.
eBook
Correction to: Next generation Europe: a recovery plan for children, adolescents and their families
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01801-x
Journal Article
Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents
Violent video games are increasingly popular, raising concerns by parents, researchers, policy makers, and informed citizens about potential harmful effects. Chapter 1 describes the history of violent games and their explosive growth. Chapter 2 discusses research methodologies, how one establishes causality in science, and prior research on violent television, film, and video games. Chapter 3 presents the General Aggression Model, focusing on how media violence increases aggression and violence in both short and long-term contexts. Important scientific questions are answered by three new studies. Chapter 4 reports findings from a laboratory experiment: even children's games with cartoonish violence increased aggression in children and college students. Chapter 5 reports findings from a survey study of high school students: frequent violent game play leads to an angry and hostile personality and to frequent aggression and violence. Chapter 6 reports findings from the first longitudinal study video game effects: elementary school children who frequently played violent games early in the school year became more verbally and physically aggressive, and less helpful. Chapters 7 and 8 compare a host of risk factors for development of aggression, and find video game effects to be quite important. Chapter 9 describes the role of scientific findings in public policy, industry responses to scientific findings, and public policy options. Chapter 10 recommends that public policy debates acknowledge the harmful effects of violent video games on youth, and urges a more productive debate about whether and how modern societies should act.
eBook
Adolescence and the next generation
Adolescent growth and social development shape the early development of offspring from preconception through to the post-partum period through distinct processes in males and females. At a time of great change in the forces shaping adolescence, including the timing of parenthood, investments in today’s adolescents, the largest cohort in human history, will yield great dividends for future generations.
Investing in adolescents as the parents of the next generation is important for the wellbeing of current and future generations.
The afterlife of adolescence
Adolescence is increasingly recognized as a developmental period that has a potential for influencing life-course trajectories that is second only to early life, but that could also shape the growth and development of the following generation. George Patton and colleagues review the evidence around how an individual's health, growth and nutrition during adolescence may affect the early growth of their offspring, and consider potential mechanisms for transmission. The current generation of adolescents—now considered to be all those aged between 10 and 24—will be the largest in human history to become parents. The greatest dividends from investments in today's adolescents may be seen in the health and human capabilities of the next generation.
Journal Article
Handbook of adolescent behavioral problems : evidence-based approaches to prevention and treatment
The Second Edition of the Handbook of Adolescent Behavioral Problems clarifies the current state of treatment and prevention through comprehensive examinations of mental disorders and dysfunctional behaviors as well as the varied forces affecting their development. New or revised chapters offer a basic framework for approaching mental health concerns in youth and provide the latest information on how conditions (e.g., bipolar disorder, suicidality, and OCD) and behaviors (e.g., sex offenses, gang activities, dating violence, and self-harm) manifest in adolescents. Each chapter offers diagnostic guidance, up-to-date findings on prevalence, biological/genetic aspects, risk and resilience factors, and a practical review of prevention and treatment methods. Best-practice recommendations clearly differentiate among what works, what might work, what doesn't work, and what needs further research across modalities, including pharmacotherapy. Key topics addressed include: Families and adolescent development. Adolescent mental health and the DSM-5. Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Autism spectrum disorder. Media and technology addiction. School failure versus school success. Bullying and cyberbullying. The Second Edition of the Handbook of Adolescent Behavior Problems is a must-have reference for researchers, clinicians, allied practitioners and professionals, and graduate students in school and clinical child psychology, education, pediatrics, psychiatry, social work, school counseling, and public health.
Book
Cognition, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Psychosocial Functioning After GH/GnRHa Treatment in Young Adults Born SGA
Children born small for gestational age (SGA) with a poor adult height (AH) expectation benefit from treatment with GH and additional gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa). Because both SGA birth and GnRHa treatment might negatively influence cognition, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychosocial functioning, we assessed these outcomes at AH.
A randomized, dose-response GH study until AH involving 99 adolescents born SGA, of whom 61 children received 2 additional years of GnRHa treatment. At AH, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and TNO-AZL Adults Quality of Life questionnaire were administered to the study group. Additionally, the study group and 67 adolescents born SGA (19 GnRHa) from a second study group completed the Self-Perception Profile of Adolescents and Child/Adolescent Behavior Checklist at AH. Scores in GH-treated young adults with GnRHa treatment (GH/GnRHa group) were compared with GH-treated adolescents without GnRHa treatment (GH group) and a reference population.
Mean age (SD) at AH was 17.5 (1.2) and 17.4 (1.4) years in the GH/GnRHa and GH group, respectively. Intelligence quotient scores were similar in GH/GnRHa and GH groups (96.33 vs 92.47). HRQoL was similar between both groups and also when compared with the reference population, but the GH/GnRHa group had a significantly lower perception of cognitive functioning. Self-perception and problem behavior were similar in the GH/GnRHa and GH groups. AH did not correlate with HRQoL, self-perception, or problem behavior.
Combined GH/GnRHa treatment has no long-term negative effects on cognition, HRQoL, self-perception, and behavior in early adulthood, compared with GH treatment only.
Journal Article