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Playing to Win: Raising Children in a Competitive Culture follows the path of elementary school-age children involved in competitive dance, youth travel soccer, and scholastic chess. Why do American children participate in so many adult-run activities outside of the home, especially when family time is so scarce? By analyzing the roots of these competitive afterschool activities and their contemporary effects, Playing to Win contextualizes elementary school-age children's activities, and suggests they have become proving grounds for success in the tournament of life—especially when it comes to coveted admission to elite universities, and beyond. In offering a behind-the-scenes look at how \"Tiger Moms\" evolve, Playing to Win introduces concepts like competitive kid capital, the carving up of honor, and pink warrior girls. Perfect for those interested in childhood and family, education, gender, and inequality, Playing to Win details the structures shaping American children's lives as they learn how to play to win.

Teens in America's inner cities grow up and construct identities amidst a landscape of relationships and violence, support and discrimination, games and gangs. In such contexts, local environments such as after-school programs may help youth to mediate between social stereotypes and daily experience, or provide space for them to consider themselves as contributing members of a community. Based on four years of field work with both the adolescent members and staff of an inner-city youth organization in a large Midwestern city, Pride in the Projects examines the construction of identity as it occurs within this local context, emphasizing the relationships within which identities are formed. Drawing on research in psychology, sociology, education, and race and gender studies, the volume highlights the inadequacies in current identity development theories, expanding our understanding of the lives of urban teens and the ways in which interpersonal connections serve as powerful contexts for self-construction. The adolescents' stories illuminate how they find ways to discover who they are, and who they would like to be - in positive and healthy ways - in the face of very real obstacles. The book closes with implications for practice, alerting scholars, educators, practitioners, and concerned citizens of the positive developmental possibilities inherent in youth settings when we pay attention to the voices of youth.

\"This book narrates two teachers' experiences creating and leading an elementary after-school science program at a public housing authority. The narrative employs a reflexive ethnographic approach to examine the reflections of each teacher during one academic year. The book explores the teachers' understandings of socially just teaching, their pedagogical transformations, and a vision of how science as a discipline was important in terms of enacting a culturally sustaining pedagogy. The reflexive ethnographic perspective enables consideration of the implications of teachers' positionality in teaching science to marginalized and/or underrepresented students in informal learning contexts. Through these examinations, the book explains how collaboration was vital in the teachers' efforts to become insiders in the setting and engage in culturally sustaining pedagogy. The book also narrates the teachers' development leading to articulation of a framework identified as the zone of pedagogical potential. Finally, the book uses the teachers' reflections to consider the affordances of learning science. The book concludes with a discussion of the implications from this research for promoting equitable practices in informal settings, as well as the potential for those practices being useful in formal settings. Thus, the book should be of interest to researchers, teachers, educators, and students of education and in particular science education\"-- Provided by publisher.

RESUMO No contexto da reforma da propriedade mista na China, a participação do capital estatal em empresas privadas afeta a decisão de inovar novamente após a empresa já ter falhado em implementar inovação tecnológica no passado. Este artigo toma as empresas listadas de fabricação farmacêutica de ações A na China como amostras de pesquisa para testar o impacto dos acionistas estatais e suas taxas de participação na decisão de uma nova inovação de empresas privadas após o fracasso da inovação tecnológica. A pesquisa descobriu que os acionistas estatais são mais propensos a reduzir a inovação adicional e adotar a nova inovação após o fracasso. Esse fenômeno será mais evidente com o aumento da proporção de acionistas estatais. Além disso, a intervenção governamental pode efetivamente suprimir o impacto positivo dos acionistas estatais sobre a nova inovação após o fracasso das empresas privadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer base teórica e referência de tomada de decisão para que as empresas privadas melhorem sua estrutura de governança por meio da introdução de ações de capital estatais, e departamentos governamentais relevantes para estimular e otimizar sua decisão de inovar novamente após falha de inovação tecnológica por meio de intervenção adequada na inovação tecnológica das empresas privadas. ABSTRACT In a mixed ownership reform context, the participation of state-owned capital in private enterprises affects re-innovation decisions after the failure of technological innovation. This article takes a sample of A-share pharmaceutical manufacturing listed companies in China to test the impact of state-owned shareholders and their shareholding ratios on the re-innovation decisions after these enterprises have experienced technological innovation failure. The research found that state-owned shareholders in these enterprises are more likely to reduce additional innovation and adopt new innovations after the experience of failing to implement technological innovation. This phenomenon is more obvious with the increased proportion of state-owned shareholders. In addition, government intervention can effectively suppress the positive impact of state-owned shareholders on new innovation in enterprises that have experienced technological innovation failure. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for private enterprises to improve their governance structure by introducing state-owned capital shares and relevant government departments to stimulate and optimize their re-innovation decision after technological innovation failure through appropriate intervention in private enterprises’ technological innovation. RESUMEN En el contexto de la reforma de la propiedad mixta, la participación del capital estatal en las empresas privadas afectará sus decisiones de reinnovación después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica. Este artículo toma como muestra de investigación a las empresas de fabricación farmacéutica de acciones A que cotizan en bolsa, en China para evaluar el impacto de los accionistas estatales y su proporción de acciones en las decisiones de reinnovación después de que estas empresas hayan experimentado el fracaso de la innovación tecnológica. El estudio encontró que después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica en las empresas privadas, es más probable que los accionistas estatales reduzcan la innovación adicional y adopten nuevas formas de innovación. A medida que aumente la proporción de accionistas estatales, este fenómeno será más evidente. Además, la intervención gubernamental puede frenar efectivamente el impacto positivo de los accionistas estatales en la nueva innovación después del fracaso de las empresas privadas. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una base teórica y una referencia para la toma de decisiones para que las empresas privadas introduzcan acciones de capital estatal para mejorar la estructura de gobernanza a través de una intervención adecuada en la innovación tecnológica de las empresas privadas, así como para que los departamentos gubernamentales pertinentes incentiven y optimicen sus decisiones de reinnovación después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica.