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Treatment of Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) poses significant challenges for pediatric dentists due to its varied clinical manifestations and treatment needs. Understanding and evaluating different treatment options can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze available evidence on treatment options for restoring MIH-affected young permanent teeth. This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The search focused on therapies for young permanent teeth with MIH in children, employing predefined keywords and the Population, Concept, and Context framework. A total of 20 studies were included from Turkiye, Brazil, Syria, Germany, Egypt, and India. Thirteen articles examined first molars, five focused on incisors, and two covered both. The population studied ranged from 6 to 18 years old, involving up to 281 children and between 30 to 326 teeth. The study provides insights into various management and treatment approaches for MIH-affected teeth, along with the effectiveness and long-term stability of different methods and materials. Materials such as resin infiltration, SDF, HVGI, full metal crowns, SSC, lithium disilicate, zirconia crowns, and CAD/CAM ceramic restorations offer greater longevity and require less retreatment in managing MIH-affected teeth.

Objective A retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases of replacement resorption after replantation of avulsed young permanent teeth with clinical observation period of more than 2 years, to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 30 cases replacement resorption after replantation of avulsed young permanent teeth with replacement resorption. The clinical and imaging data during posttraumatic follow‐up were recorded and analyzed, including trauma age, gender, traumatic tooth position, root development stage, time of tooth separation, storage media, fixed time, and clinical examination. Results Among the 30 cases, the fastest replacement resorption occurred in the first month after trauma (1 case), and the slowest occurred in the 24th month (1 case). The incidence of replacement resorption was 26.7% at month 3, 70% at month 6, 90% at month 9, and 96.7% at month 12. Fifteen patients showed progressive ankylosis, the degree of ankylosis gradually increased. Analysis and screening of risk factors found that the extraoral time was statistically significant. Conclusion The study shows that the longer the time in vitro, the more likely progressive tooth sinking will occur, resulting in tooth loss. Therefore, it is more important to popularize the emergency treatment of mean avulsion. How to correctly deal with prolapse teeth, how to optimize the emergency trauma channel, reduce the occurrence of delayed replantation, and prolong the life of replantation teeth will be the focus of the future work of pediatric stomatologists.

This study aims to evaluate and analyze the clinical application of pulp revascularization surgery in young permanent anterior teeth with pulp necrosis caused by trauma. This study selected 40 cases of young permanent anterior teeth with pulp necrosis caused by trauma, treated at our hospital between August 2018 and December 2022. All patients met the complete inclusion criteria and were divided into a study group and a control group based on treatment methods. The study group received pulp revascularization surgery, and the control group received apical induction surgery. There were 20 patients in each group. Comparative observation indicators included clinical treatment outcomes, clinical-related indicators, pain levels, and patient family satisfaction. The treatment outcomes in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The crown-to-root ratio in the study group was lower than that in the control group, and the root canal wall thickness was higher in the study group, with all P < 0.05. The pain level grading in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Satisfaction indicators for both patients and their families were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group, with all P < 0.05. Pulp revascularization surgery shows great potential in the clinical application for young permanent anterior teeth with pulp necrosis caused by trauma. It can effectively improve the treatment outcomes, clinical indicators, and alleviate pain, while significantly enhancing patient satisfaction. With continuous research and practice, this advanced treatment method is expected to provide a better oral health experience for patients and promote the development of the dental field.

Objectives To investigate the potential for pulpal regeneration via autologous transplantation of deciduous tooth pulp into immature necrotic permanent teeth using an experimental dog model. Methods Experimental apical periodontitis was induced in 60 teeth of six Beagle dogs. Following canal disinfection and pulpotomy, autologous deciduous pulp tissue was transplanted into the root canals (n = 30); as controls, contralateral teeth were treated in accordance with the recommendations of the American Association of Endodontists. Radiographic examinations were performed immediately before transplant, as well as 3 and 6 months after transplant. At the 6-month examination, root samples were collected and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to examine tissue regeneration. Results Radiographic analysis showed no significant differences in most histopathological parameters examined; however, apical diameter reduction was greater in the experimental group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the canal walls of the experimental group had newly formed dentin-like tissue with dentinal tubules, while the control group had cementum-like deposits along the canal wall and apical foramina. Conclusions Autologous transplantation may be useful for regeneration of dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.

This study compared the efficacy of nanopropolis and nanocurcumin as direct pulp-capping agents to that of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in recently erupted permanent molars, assessing the clinical and radiographic outcomes over six months. Thirty six permanent molars were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 12 each): MTA (control), nanopropolis and nanocurcumin. The study followed a double-blind design. Clinical and radiological evaluations assessed pain, percussion sensitivity and swelling preoperatively and one week, three months and six months afterwards. At one week, the nanocurcumin group showed significantly higher pain levels than the MTA and nanopropolis groups. The pain scores equalised by three months and remained stable until six months in all groups. Percussion sensitivity and swelling occurred in 8.3% of cases in the MTA group, 25% in the nanopropolis group and 16.7% in the nanocurcumin group. Nanopropolis and nanocurcumin provided clinical and radiographic outcomes comparable to MTA in direct pulp capping of recently erupted permanent molars. While MTA showed slightly superior attributes, the natural nanomaterials present viable alternatives. This study supports the potential use of bioactive nanomaterials derived from natural sources in vital pulp therapy, though longer-term investigations are warranted.

Objective: In a tooth with deep dentinal caries; judicious removal of infected dentin and isolating affected dentin from oral fluids with suitable biocompatible material is called indirect pulp therapy (IPT). This randomized clinical trial was done to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Biodentine, Theracal LC and. Dycal as an indirect pulp capping agent in young permanent teeth. Study Design: IPT was performed in 60 young permanent molars with caries approaching pulp in 55 healthy children using Biodentine, Theracal and Dycal. A 2–3mm layer of GIC was placed over the intervening material followed by restoration of cavity with composite. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months,12 months, 18 months and 24 months. The data was compared using chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: By end of 24 months ,54 teeth presented for follow up with overall success rate of 100% in Theracal, 94.44% in Biodentine, and 77.78% in Dycal. Overall success of Theracal was statistically significant in comparison to Biodentine and Dycal at 24 months follow up (p= 0.03) Conclusions: Radiographic and clinical outcomes of Theracal and Biodentine suggest their use as an alternative material for IPT in young permanent molars with higher success.

Immature permanent teeth pose therapeutic challenges due to immature root development; primary approaches include apexification, vital pulpotomy and revascularization, with few systematic imaging studies on their efficacy. This study systematically compares the radiographic outcomes of apexification, vital pulpotomy, and pulp revascularization in managing immature permanent teeth, assessing root development and periapical healing to inform clinical decision-making. This retrospective cohort analysis employed propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate treatments for immature permanent teeth. Patients treated between January 2022 and December 2024 were categorized into three groups: apexification (n = 51), vital pulpotomy (n = 50), and revascularization (n = 51) after 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching. Primary outcomes were resolution of clinical signs and symptoms and periapical lesion healing; secondary outcomes were root development (increase in root length and canal wall thickness) and apical closure. Outcomes were assessed radiographically using pre- and postoperative periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. After PSM, baseline characteristics were balanced ( > 0.05). At the 12-month follow-up, the revascularization group demonstrated significantly greater increases in both root length (1.8 ± 0.4 mm) and canal wall thickness (0.35 ± 0.05 mm) compared to the other interventions ( < 0.05). While apical closure rates were comparable between revascularization (88.2%) and vital pulpotomy (82.0%), both significantly outperformed apexification (56.9%, < 0.01). Similarly, treatment success rates were higher in revascularization (88.5%) and vital pulpotomy (92.0%) than in apexification (76.5%, < 0.05). Revascularization achieved superior periapical lesion healing (95.0%) versus both apexification (76.9%) and vital pulpotomy (72.0%) ( < 0.05). Complication rates showed no significant intergroup differences ( > 0.05). Revascularization demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting root maturation, followed by vital pulpotomy and apexification. It is recommended to choose a personalized treatment plan according to the condition of the affected teeth.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the duration of treatment and the number of dental radiographs taken during endodontic treatment (endo-t) of young permanent teeth (YPT). Materials and Methods: Age, gender, affected tooth number, apex status, duration of treatment and dental radiographs taken during this period were retrospectively evaluated in pediatric patients aged 6–15 years who presented to the pedodontic department for endo-t of anterior YPT. Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis H, Dunn and Pearson chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant in all analyses. Results: Anterior endo-t was initiated in 471 of 9,200 pedodontic patients between the ages of 6 and 15 years who applied to our university. The reason for seeking treatment was caries (8.1%) and trauma (91.9%). It was observed that 59% of the teeth had an open apex and 45.7% had a closed apex. A total of 1893 periapical radiographs (Per-R) and 245 panoramic radiographs (Pan-R) were taken from 471 pediatric patients during the treatment period. Total number of dental radiographs was 2138 with 4.5 per patient. Number of Per-R was lower in patients whose treatment was completed in a single session (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of Pan-R with respect to duration of treatment (p = 0.560). Conclusions: In children, the number of Per-R significantly increased with prolonged duration of treatment encompassing multiple sessions for endo-t procedures of anterior YPT, decided based on the apex and lesion status of the affected tooth. Especially in long-term traditional apexification treatments, treatment should be carried out in children with the ALADAIP (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific) principle in mind.

Objective A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6–14 years‐old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Material and methods Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi‐squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney test. Results The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p = .01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p = .01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p = .07). Conclusions When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth. The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH. In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly.

Nonvital immature permanent tooth presents several challenges to a clinician in performing conventional endodontic therapy due to the lack of apical constriction and thin root walls. Apexification has been serving as the gold standard therapeutic modality for managing nonvital teeth with wide-open apex. The present case report demonstrates the successful rehabilitation of fractured immature nonvital permanent tooth of a healthy 8.5-year-old male patient by apexification procedure using the premixed mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform with vehicle of silicone oil (Metapex). The dental procedure resulted in favorable treatment outcomes with Frank's Type-1 apical closure of root and optimum periapical healing within comparatively shorter duration. Subsequently, fractured crown was successfully restored for function and esthetics using fiber-reinforced post and core and composite restoration. In follow-up visits, the patient was found asymptomatic and satisfactory with the treatment results.