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The place and role of (moral) anger in organizational behavior studies
The aim of this article is to conceptually delineate moral anger from other related constructs. Drawing upon social functional accounts of anger, we contend that distilling the finer nuances of morally motivated anger and its expression can increase the precision with which we examine prosocial forms of anger (e.g., redressing injustice), in general, and moral anger, in particular. Without this differentiation, we assert that (i) moral anger remains theoretically elusive, (ii) that this thwarts our ability to methodologically capture the unique variance moral anger can explain in important work outcomes, and that (iii) this can promote ill-informed organizational policies and practice. We offer a four-factor definition of moral anger and demonstrate the utility of this characterization as a distinct construct with application for workplace phenomena such as, but not limited to, whistle-blowing. Next, we outline a future research agenda, including how to operationalize the construct and address issues of construct, discriminant, and convergent validity. Finally, we argue for greater appreciation of anger’s prosocial functions and concomitant understanding that many anger displays can be justified and lack harmful intent. If allowed and addressed with interest and concern, these emotional displays can lead to improved organizational practice.
Journal Article
The effects of intermittent escitalopram treatment on impulsivity and inattention in women with premenstrual irritability and anger
Women diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) report significant symptom relief when treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but few studies have addressed the possibility of capturing this effect in behavioral, laboratory-based tests. This study examined the effects of intermittent treatment with escitalopram (vs. placebo) on a behavioral measure of impulsivity and inattentiveness in women reporting high levels of premenstrual irritability and anger.
Participants (
= 27) rated cardinal PMDD mood symptoms over three menstrual cycles using Visual Analogue Scales. In Cycles 2 and 3, participants displaying cyclicity with respect to the irritability/anger item received escitalopram (20 mg) or placebo in a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. The participants completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT 3) in the luteal phase of the intervention cycles. Additionally, they filled out the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, once in the luteal phase and once in the follicular phase of the placebo cycle.
In line with previous reports, escitalopram caused a significant reduction in self-rated irritability and anger in the luteal phase. When on escitalopram, the participants demonstrated a lower frequency of anticipatory responses and greater consistency in response speed in the CPT 3. With respect to self-reported impulsivity, participants reported higher levels of urgency and lower levels of sensation seeking in the luteal placebo phase versus the follicular phase.
The finding that escitalopram impacted the outcome of the CPT 3 test in women with premenstrual irritability highlights the possible role of impulsivity in this condition.
Journal Article
Feminine Voices of Vengeance in Senecan Tragedy and Its Reception
This thesis argues that it is primarily through the revenge of female characters, and that of Medea in particular, that Seneca interrogates the boundary between proportionate and excessive revenge, and explores the problems inherent in like-for-like violence. It further argues that analysing Seneca's tragedies from the angle of women's revenge, and then examining some of the reverberations of this theme across the extraordinarily rich reception of Seneca in European drama, and particularly in France, can shed important light on a question that has long proved problematic for students of the tragedies, that is the nature of the relationship between Seneca's plays and his philosophica. The work contains fourteen chapters structured in three parts. Part I is an analytical survey of all the instances of female revenge across the corpus of eight genuine plays. Part II looks to Seneca's treatise On Anger (De Ira) for insight into the parameters of revenge in the dramas. The Stoics considered anger, and passion in general, as a product of reason that is not functioning properly. As such, a revenge tragedy depicting an avenger applying rational principles in order to prepare, and then to enact, his or her revenge plan can be analysed in light of the Stoic belief that anger stems from reason. This part of the thesis focuses mainly on Medea and on the Furies, who occupied a prominent role in Stoic philosophical debates relating to the passions. Part III looks to the reception of Seneca in order to illuminate our understanding of the 'Senecan question'. After giving an account of the reception of Seneca's tragedies in European drama, I narrow my focus to two French tragedies in particular, the Médée of Jean de La Péruse (1553) and the Médée of Pierre Corneille (1634-5). By citing Médée's revenge as an illustration of his own controversial stance on the end of tragedy, Corneille gives us an idea of what a Senecan statement in defence of his tragic poetics might have resembled.
Dissertation
Öfkeyi Yordamak: Bağlanma ve Öfke Boyutları Arasında Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemaların Aracı Rolü
Bu araştırmada öfke düzeyi ve ifadesini açıklamaya yönelik yeni yaklaşımlardan faydalanarak, cinsiyetler arası farklılıkları da ortaya koyabilecek, aracı bir model oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Buna göre; erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların bağlanma ile öfke düzeyi ve ifadesi arasındaki aracı rolüne yönelik bir model şekillendirilmiş ve bu modelde cinsiyet ve bağlanma figürü farklılıklarına da yer verilmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmaya 17-28 yaş arasında 444 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Demografik Bilgi Formu, Ebeveyne ve Arkadaşlara Bağlanma Envanteri, Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3 ve Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği verilmiştir. Hem kadın hem de erkek katılımcılar için bağlanma (anne ve baba) ile öfke (sürekli öfke, öfke içe, öfke dışa ve öfke kontrol) arasındaki ilişkide erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların aracı rolü olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Cinsiyet farklılıklarına ek olarak araştırma modelinde bağlanma figürleri açısından ortaya çıkan farklılıklar dikkat çekmiştir. Buna göre kadınlar ve erkeklerde öfkenin ifade edilmesinde ve düzeyinde farklı şemalar etkili olurken bu şemaların anne ve baba bağlanma düzeylerinden farklı olarak etkilendikleri bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar hem öfkenin bağlanma ve şemalar aracılığıyla açıklanabilmesi açısından hem de uygulamaya katkıları açısından tartışılmıştır.
Journal Article
I feel mad
Young readers discover the healthy and unhealthy ways we deal with feeling mad in this book.
Book
Do anger perception and the experience of anger share common neural mechanisms? Coordinate-based meta-analytic evidence of similar and different mechanisms from functional neuroimaging studies
•This meta-analysis explores the neural bases of anger perception and experience.•Anger perception relies on the amygdala, the FFG, the STG and the right IFG.•Anger experience relies on the bilateral insula and ventrolateral PFC.•A common activation of the right IFG may involve emotional conceptualization.
The neural bases of anger are still a matter of debate. In particular we do not know whether anger perception and anger experience rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. To study this topic, we performed activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analyses of human neuroimaging studies on 61 previous studies on anger perception and experience. Anger perception analysis resulted in significant activation in the amygdala, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus and the right IFG, thus revealing the role of perceptual temporal areas for perceiving angry stimuli. Anger experience analysis resulted in the bilateral activations of the insula and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, thus revealing a role for these areas in the subjective experience of anger and, possibly, in a subsequent evaluation of the situation. Conjunction analyses revealed a common area localized in the right inferior frontal gyrus, probably involved in the conceptualization of anger for both perception and experience.
Altogether these results provide new insights on the functional architecture underlying the neural processing of anger that involves separate and joint mechanisms. According to our tentative model, angry stimuli are processed by temporal areas, such as the superior temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala; on the other hand, the subjective experience of anger mainly relies on the anterior insula; finally, this pattern of activations converges in the right IFG. This region seems to play a key role in the elaboration of a general meaning of this emotion, when anger is perceived or experienced.
Journal Article