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On the organic law of change : a facsimile edition and annotated transcription of Alfred Russel Wallace's Species notebook of 1855-1859 /
Notes from Wallace's Malay expedition.
Book
Political geography II
This second of two progress reports on the subdiscipline of political geography explores islands and archipelagos as material sites and political concepts with which to understand spatial ontologies of power. The piece reviews thematic interests in the interdisciplinary field of island studies as well as those taken up by political geographers. Areas for future research are also identified.
Journal Article
First record of Saddle Barb, Barbodes sellifer Kottelat amp; Lim 2021 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), on Belitung, Indonesia, with an update of its geographic distribution
Saddle Barb, Barbodes sellifer, is a freshwater fish endemic to Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian archipelago and is here recorded for the first time from Belitung Island, Indonesia. This is a range extension of about 300 km to the southeast from the closest previously known locality on Bangka Island, and, in addition to reporting its occurrence on another island of the Indonesian archipelago, this is the southernmost known locality for the species. We also provide an updated map showing the species’ distribution.
Journal Article
On the organic law of change : a facsimile edition and annotated transcription of Alfred Russel Wallace's Species notebook of 1855-1859
A giant of the discipline of biogeography and co-discoverer of natural selection, Alfred Russel Wallace was the most famous naturalist in the world when he died in 1913. To mark the centennial of Wallace's death, James Costa offers an elegant edition of the \"Species Notebook\" of 1855-1859, which Wallace kept during his legendary expedition in peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia, and western New Guinea. Presented in facsimile with text transcription and annotations, this never-before-published document provides a new window into the travels, personal trials, and scientific genius of the co-discoverer of natural selection. In one section, headed \"Note for Organic Law of Change\"--an extended critique of geologist Charles Lyell's anti-evolutionary arguments--Wallace sketches a book he would never write, owing to the unexpected events of 1858. In that year he sent to Charles Darwin an essay announcing his discovery of the mechanism for species change: natural selection. Darwin's friends Lyell and the botanist Joseph Hooker proposed a \"delicate arrangement\": a joint reading at the Linnean Society of his essay with Darwin's earlier private writings on the subject. Darwin would publish On the Origin of Species in 1859, to much acclaim; pre-empted, Wallace's first book on evolution waited two decades, but by then he had abandoned his original concept. On the Organic Law of Change realizes in spirit the project Wallace left unfinished, and asserts his stature as not only a founder of biogeography and the preeminent tropical biologist of his day but as Darwin's equal among the pioneers of evolution.
eBook
The historical biogeography of coral reef fishes: global patterns of origination and dispersal
Aim: To use recently published phylogenies of three major reef fish families to explore global patterns of species origin and dispersal over the past 65 million years. The key questions are: when and where did reef fishes arise, and how has this shaped current biodiversity patterns? Location: Biogeographic reconstructions were performed on globally distributed reef fish lineages. Patterns of lineage origination and dispersal were explored in five major biogeographic regions: the East Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Australian Archipelago hotspot, and the Central Pacific. Methods: A dispersal, extinction and cladogenesis (DEC) model implemented in Lagrange was used to infer the most likely biogeographic scenarios at nodes on chronograms of three diverse reef fish families (Labridae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodontidae). For the terminal branches ANOVA was used to compare patterns of origination on a regional and global scale. Patterns of origination and dispersal were examined within discrete time periods for the five biogeographic regions. Results: Temporal examination of hypothetical ancestral lineages reveal a pattern of increasing isolation of the East Pacific and Atlantic regions from the Eocene, and the changing role of the Indo-Australian Archipelago from a location of accumulating ranges in the Palaeo/Eocene, a centre of origination in the Miocene, to extensive expansion of lineages into adjacent regions from the Pliocene to Recent. Main conclusions: While the East Pacific and Atlantic have a history of isolation, the Indo-Australian Archipelago has a history of connectivity. It has sequentially and then simultaneously acted as a centre of accumulation (Palaeocene/Eocene onwards), survival (Eocene/Oligocene onwards), origin (Miocene onwards), and export (Pliocene/Recent) for reef fishes. The model suggests that it was the proliferation and expansion of lineages in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (the Coral Triangle) during the Miocene that underpinned the current biodiversity in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Journal Article
En‐échelon Rifting and Origin of the Volcanism in the Comoros
Two volcanic provinces have been recently discovered during the SISMAORE oceanographic cruise in the Comoros archipelago in the North Mozambique Channel between Madagascar and East Africa: N’Droundé, along the North‐eastern insular slopes of Grande Comores Island and Mwezi, in the abyssal plain, north‐east of Mayotte and Anjouan islands. By combining bathymetry and backscatter data, high‐resolution seismic reflection and sub‐bottom profiles, we have identified and mapped various tectonic (faults, forced folds) and volcanic structures (lava flows, edifices, sills, dykes) at several spatial scales on the seabed and in cross‐section within the sedimentary cover. We have characterized the volcano‐tectonic structures (geometry, segmentation, and kinematics) to better understand the link (geometry, chronology) between tectonic and volcanic processes. We show that volcanic and tectonic features are controlled by tectonic processes and vice‐versa. Ridges, volcanic cones and lava flows are set up along fissures and dikes during main rifting events to accommodate a N40°E regional extension within an E‐W right lateral shear transfer zone. The volcano tectonic features are Plio‐Pleistocene. This transfer zone lies between the offshore branch of the East African rift system and Malagasy grabens and may have formed when the East African rifts propagated offshore. We evidence a major rifting episode in the last Ma. The estimated volume and flux of extruded lavas show that the volcanism of the Comoros could be related to shallow tectonic processes. Key Points Characterization of NW‐SE‐striking active volcanic and tectonic structures in the Comoros archipelago from high resolution marine data Evidence for late Quaternary rifting episodes in the Mwezi and N’Droundé submarine volcanic provinces within a N40°E regional extension En‐échelon rifts compatible with right lateral shear in a transfer zone between the offshore East African rift system and Malagasy rift
Journal Article