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Advances in 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) have to cater to the diverse and varying needs of different stakeholders, devices, sensors, applications, networks, and access technologies that come together for a dedicated IoT network for a synergistic purpose. Therefore, there is a need for a solution that can assimilate the various requirements and policies to dynamically and intelligently orchestrate them in the dedicated IoT network. Thus we identify and describe a representative industry-relevant use case for such a smart and adaptive environment through interviews with experts from a leading telecommunication vendor. We further propose and evaluate candidate architectures to achieve dynamic and intelligent orchestration in such a smart environment using a systematic approach for architecture design and by engaging six senior domain and IoT experts. The candidate architecture with an adaptive and intelligent element (“Smart AAA agent”) was found superior for modifiability, scalability, and performance in the assessments. This architecture also explores the enhanced role of authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) and makes the base for complete orchestration. The results indicate that the proposed architecture can meet the requirements for a dedicated IoT network, which may be used in further research or as a reference for industry solutions.

This research presents a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)-based framework for the comprehensive assessment of architectural design projects within undergraduate education, underpinned by an extensive review of historical architectural trends, current standards, and 21 B. Arch curricula and pedagogical practices. Developed through a two-phase approach that began with a foundational review and culminated in a survey of 264 architectural experts, this research has led to the creation of a performance-based architecture assessment tool (PAAT) that encompasses seven key criteria: spatial construct, functional and environmental efficiency, appropriate technology, socio-cultural integration, legal framework, and economic feasibility. These criteria are meticulously defined by 43 specific sub-criteria, offering a rigorous framework for the evaluation of student projects, particularly in the final year of B. Arch programs. provide a uniform framework for evaluating architectural projects, particularly in the final year of B. Arch programs. While it offers comprehensive insights for advanced projects, its adaptability for use in earlier stages of academic training is somewhat limited due to assessment of legal and economic aspects. This tool not only helps students improve their architectural designs, but also assists educators in assessing the cognitive aspects of design thinking. As a result, it greatly contributes to the development of architectural education, aligning with both historical perspectives and current societal needs.

Enterprise architecture existing approaches are expected to support the organization's evolution from a current state to a future one. Although some researches address the identification of the alignment between projects and strategic objectives, the measurement and quantification of this architectural alignment, considering the information system architecture quality attributes, is not usually considered when defining or implementing projects. This paper contributes to fulfil this gap by extending Archimate enterprise architecture framework and proposing a 4-step approach for assessing the alignment between enterprise projects and goals, namely 1) identify the alignment between the projects and the strategic objectives, 2) identify the quality attributes derived from the strategic objectives, 3) identify the applicable metrics to the projects' architecture, 4) quantify the alignment level between the projects and the strategic objectives. The results show that it is possible to use enterprise architecture for selecting projects that have higher impact on the company's strategy.

The first PhD program in architecture in Iran was initiated in the early nineties. The rapid expansion of such programs in recent years has resulted in a critical situation in the country, where several public and private universities and academic institutions take PhD candidates, and have already graduated a large number of PhD holders. Unfortunately, though, the products of PhD courses, either the graduates or the dissertations, have not lead to the expected developments, while the unbalanced expansion of such programs is turning out to become a big problem. The present report is to draw the attention of architectural education planners, managers, professors and thinkers to the most important aspects of PhD courses in architecture as well as their advantages and drawbacks. By doing so, it intends to find proper approaches towards the improvement of such courses to meet the real needs of the discipline as well as the profession of architecture, so crucial to the enhancement of the built environment. This text is organized in five chapters on the following issues: current problems in architectural PhD courses, the nature, the product, the types and context of PhD research, and the research moda operandi.

The risk assessment system has been applied to the information security, energy, medical and other industries. Through the risk assessment system, it is possible to quantify the possibility of the impact or loss caused by an event before or after an event, thereby avoiding the risk or reducing the loss. However, the existing risk assessment system architecture is mostly a centralized architecture, which could lead to problems such as data leakage, tampering, and central cheating. Combined with the technology of block chain, which has the characteristics of decentralization, security and credibility, collective maintenance, and untamperability. This paper proposes a new block chainbased risk assessment system architecture and a consensus mechanism algorithm based on DPOS improvement. This architecture uses an improved consensus mechanism to achieve a safe and efficient risk assessment solving the problem of data tampering in the risk assessment process, avoiding data leakage caused by improper data storage. A convenient, safe and fast risk assessment is achieved in conjunction with the improved consensus mechanism. In addition, by comparing existing risk assessment architecture, the advantages and impacts of the new block chain-based risk assessment system architecture are analyzed.

Enterprise architecture management has become a widely discussed approach in both industry and academia due to the inefficiency of current IT architectures to cope with rapid changes in business environments. On the other hand Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is widely accepted as a state of the art approach to the design and implementation of enterprise software. However, software design and development according to SOA paradigm is a complex task, often integrating various platforms, technologies, products and design patterns. Hence, it arises a problem of early evaluation of a software architecture to detect design flaws that might compromise expected system qualities. Decisions related to software architecture have a great impact on the business value of a software product under development and influence the software company competitiveness. In this article SOA Related Ontology of Architectural Decisions is described, which was developed to support the evaluation of architectures of information systems based on SOA approach. The main goal of the ontology is to provide constructs for documenting architecture.

Component-based software engineering uses components to construct systems, being a means to increase productivity by promoting software reuse. This work deals with the component selection problem. A multiobjective optimization approach is used to formulate the problem. The contribution of the current paper is threefold: the multilevel decomposition approach, the use of both functional and non-functional requirements (cost of a component, thus cost of the solution as sum of the costs of the constituent components) as objectives, and the use of metrics values to evaluate the architecture of the obtained solutions. As advantages over the existing literature we mention: the automatic computation of component interactions and of the constituent components for each module, multiple solutions obtained in a single run, and the new architecture evaluation step based on metrics values that is not present in other approaches. The decomposition offers valuable insights about internal structure of the system which led us to identify metrics to assess coupling and cohesion of the architecture design. The internal structure influences the external quality; thus, a highly cohesive module exhibits high reusability and loosely coupled systems enable easy maintenance. In this context, when selecting the best solution out of a set of available ones, we aim to maximize the cohesion of modules and to minimize the coupling between them, obtaining thus the “best” reusable and maintenable solution. To evaluate our approach, we discuss a case study for building a reservation system. In order to obtain the best parameters to run the evolutionary approach, three different studies were applied. The tests performed show the potential of evolutionary algorithms for this particular problem and for other similar ones.

Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) can reveal valuable information pertaining to materials, water, and energy that will be consumed throughout a building’s entire predicted life span; however, it is often underutilized in practice. Individuals in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) community are in positions to influence the use of LCA. Thus, this article seeks to clarify the state of knowledge of LCA among this population and understand the perceived benefits of and barriers to its application. Methods Building upon the researchers’ results using focus groups, a national survey of AEC professionals, owners/clients, and related groups was developed to educe knowledge and perceptions within the AEC community. Existing literature suggests time and data demands, complexity, and cost to benefit ratio uncertainty among current LCA framework shortcomings. The survey was structured to further investigate these findings. Furthermore, the survey recorded both a self-assessed and measured level of each respondent’s LCA understanding, which served as a validation for other responses. The information collected spanned a broad range, including LCA knowledge, LCA experience, perceived benefits and barriers to LCA adoption, software tool utilization, and LCA in conjunction with sustainability, in general, and with the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program. Results and discussion Respondents represented over a dozen AEC professions, approximately half being architects and engineers. Ninety percent reported having at least moderate familiarity with sustainability, and 62 % considered sustainability important in their projects for at least 4 years. Only 33 % of those individuals, however, used LCA in half of their projects or more, predominantly for energy analysis. A substantial percentage of respondents exhibited competency in defining LCA, but the disconnect between awareness and the use of LCA can be largely attributed to a perceived lack of demand. However, 86 % of respondents who currently use LCA reported being at least moderately likely to increase their usage of LCA in the future. Conclusions The ability of an LCA to advance sustainability by informing decision-making and provide environmental impact information using a long-term, holistic perspective is valuable to most potential users. Additional benefits and barriers specific to the building sector were revealed in this study, and the factors that may contribute to these perceptions were explored, the knowledge of which can be beneficial in efforts to optimize LCA adoption. Finally, since Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) version 4.0 explicitly includes LCA, we anticipate a greater integration and use of LCA in the AEC community.