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Coolies of Capitalism
Coolie labour was often proclaimed as a deliberate compromise straddling the regimes of the past (slave labour) and the future (free labour). In the late 1850s, the locals were replaced by labourers imported from outside the province who were designated coolies. Qualifying this framework of transition and introduction, this study makes a case for the production of coolie labour in the history of the colonial-capitalist plantations in Assam.
eBook
Isolation and characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype I from pig provides evidence for the presence of the virus in nasal secretion and co-circulation of JEV genotypes in Assam, India
BackgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis, among children, in many Asian countries despite the availability of effective vaccines. There are five JE virus genotypes (GI through GV), with GIII being the most prevalent. However, in the past three decades GI has emerged as the dominant genotype across several Asian countries, while the reappearance of GV is a concern due to the reduced cross-neutralization offered by existing GIII-based vaccines. Although both GI and GIII have been reported to co-circulate in India, all previous JEV isolations from pigs have been of the GIII.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to elucidate the JEV genotype diversity among pigs in Assam through molecular and virological investigation.MethodsWe collected blood, serum and nasal swab samples from apparently healthy pigs as a part of routine disease surveillance in pigs of Kamrup (Rural) district, Assam, India. The samples were processed using standard molecular biology (qRT-PCR, Gene Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis) and virological techniques (Virus isolation, immunofluorescence, plaque assay) for JE virus detection, isolation and characterization.ResultsIn this study, we report the first isolation and characterization of a JEV GI from a nasal swab of a naturally infected pig from Assam, India and the isolate was designated as JEV/Pig/Assam/NIVEDI-1/2025 (GI). The identity of the JEV isolate was confirmed by RT-qPCR, phylogeny based on 5′UTR–prM region, full-length envelope protein gene, and immunofluorescence assay. The isolate reached a peak titer of 106.5 TCID50/mL at 72 h post-infection in Porcine stable kidney cells and produced smaller plaques (1.88 ± 0.56 mm) than the reference GIII strain (2.68 ± 0.48 mm) (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe findings underscore that JEV GI is circulating in Assam and there is need for strengthened JEV surveillance in swine to monitor genotype shifts, understand viral evolution, and generate field isolates critical for vaccine evaluation and preparedness against emerging JEV genotypes. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of using nasal swabs for virus detection and isolation thereby providing evidence for the presence of JEV in nasal secretion of naturally infected pigs.
Journal Article
Krishna in the garden of Assam : the history and context of a much-travelled textile
The Vrindavani Vastra; is the most important surviving example of an Assamese devotional textile. This beautiful and rare textile, now in the British Museum, was produced in the late seventeenth century in the wake of the remarkable outflow of Krishna veneration resulting from the ministry of the great eastern Indian saint, Sankaradava (died 1568). Nine metres in length, it is made up of twelve strips, all now sown together, and woven with captioned scenes from the life of Krishna as recorded in the tenth-century text, the Bhagavata Purana, and elaborated in the dramas of Sankaradeva. The author looks at the art, technique and iconography of the textile and also places it within its wider religious, cultural and geographical contexts. He traces, too, its fascinating history and its journey from Assam to London.
BOOK
A Century of Protests
Addressing an important gap in the historiography of modern Assam, this book traces the relatively unexplored but profound transformations in the agrarian landscape of late- and post-colonial Assam that were instrumental in the making of modern Assamese peasantry and rural politics. It discusses the changing relations between various sections of peasantry, state, landed gentry, and politics of different ideological hues - nationalist, communist and socialist - and shows how a primarily agrarian question concerning peasantry came to occupy the centre stage in the nationalist politics of the state. It will especially interest scholars of history, agrarian and peasant studies, sociology, and contemporary politics, as also those concerned with Northeast India.
eBook