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"authority figures"
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The lily's tongue : figure and authority in Kierkegaard's Lily discourses
\"The Lily's Tongue offers a nuanced, sustained reading of what Maughan-Brown calls the \"Lily Discourses\"--Four discourses that Kierkegaard wrote about the instruction in the Gospel of Matthew to \"consider the lilies.\" Kierkegaard suggests that the lilies are \"authoritative\" rather than merely \"figural\" or \"metaphorical.\" The aim of this book is to explore what exactly Kierkegaard means by asking, How do texts speak with authority? In Maughan-Brown's reading, Kierkegaard argues that the key to a text's authority is in the act of reading itself. No text can have authority unless the reader grants it that authority. That is because, paradoxically, no text can avoid or escape the use of figural language. If the lilies speak authoritatively it is precisely because they are also figural. Texts do not speak directly; their tongue is always the lily's tongue. Drawing on the work of Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Benjamin, and Derrida, The Lily's Tongue situates Kierkegaard's reading of Matthew at the intersection of theological, philosophical, political, and literary investigations of figural language. It uniquely contributes to the ongoing discussion of Kierkegaard's theory and practice of \"indirect communication\" by introducing four pivotal signed discourses into this debate. In so doing, Maughan-Brown reveals a groundbreaking theory of figure--one that ultimately requires a renewed reading of the major pseudonymous works\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Double Exposure
Double Exposure examines the role of film in shaping social psychology’s landmark postwar experiments. We are told that most of us will inflict electric shocks on a fellow citizen when ordered to do so. Act as a brutal prison guard when we put on a uniform. Walk on by when we see a stranger in need. But there is more to the story. Documentaries that investigators claimed as evidence were central to capturing the public imagination. Did they provide an alibi for twentieth century humanity? Examining the dramaturgy, staging and filming of these experiments, including Milgram's Obedience Experiments, the Stanford Prison Experiment and many more, Double Exposure recovers a new set of narratives.
eBook
Value from Regulatory Fit
Where does value come from? I propose a new answer to this classic question. People experience regulatory fit when the manner of their engagement in an activity sustains their goal orientation or interests regarding that activity. When there is fit, people engage more strongly in what they are doing and \"feel right\" about it. Fit influences the strength of value experiences--how good or how bad one feels about something--independently of the pleasure and pain experiences that are associated with outcomes. It uniquely contributes to people's experience of the value of things. Fit is shown to influence judgments and decision making, attitude and behavior change, and task performance.
Journal Article
Wage Cuts and Managers' Empathy: How a Positive Emotion Can Contribute to Positive Organizational Ethics in Difficult Times
Using the lens of positive organizational ethics, we theorized that empathy affects decisions in ethical dilemmas that concern the well-being of not only the organization but also other stakeholders. We hypothesized and found that empathetic managers were less likely to comply with requests by an authority figure to cut the wages of their employees than were non-empathetic managers. However, when an authority figure requested to hold wages constant, empathy did not affect wage cut decisions. These findings imply that empathy can serve as a safeguard for ethical decision making in organizations during trying times without generally undermining organizational effectiveness. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research.
Journal Article
The current Arab work ethic
This article begins with the premise that market-oriented development strategies require more than the free movement of the factors of production from one use to another; they also require a positive work ethic and an energetic and committed workforce. However, the existing Arab work ethic does not seem conducive to development and change. This article assesses some antecedents that might have led to the emergence of the existing work ethic. First, we address the potential role of religion in developing a value system that is not conducive to growth and development. We also tackle family dynamics in the Arab world and the impact of family structures on personal and group development. Then, we move our attention to the educational system in the Arab world trying to uncover any common patterns in the various educational approaches in the Arab world that could have had lasting impressions on power dynamics in Arab societies. We also address power and leadership relationships and focus our attention on how groups actually function in the Arab world. Thereafter, we tackle what has emerged out of these societal institutions and relationships, and offer some implications marking out paths for international managers.
Journal Article
The Effect of Authority on the Persuasiveness of Mathematical Arguments
Three experiments are reported that investigate the extent to which an authority figure influences the level of persuasion undergraduate students and research-active mathematicians invest in mathematical arguments. We demonstrate that, in some situations, both students and researchers rate arguments as being more persuasive when they are associated with an expert mathematician than when the author is anonymous. We develop a model that accounts for these data by suggesting that, for both students and researchers, an authority figure only plays a role when there is already some uncertainty about the argument's mathematical status. Implications for pedagogy, and for future research, are discussed.
Journal Article
Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior
We extend the routine activity perspective's situational analysis of crime to individual offending and to a broad range of deviant behaviors. In this view, unstructured socializing with peers in the absence of authority figures presents opportunities for deviance: In the presence of peers, deviant acts will be easier and more rewarding; the absence of authority figures reduces the potential for social control responses to deviance; and the lack of structure leaves time available for deviant behavior. To determine whether individuals who spend more time in unstructured socializing activities engage in deviant behaviors more frequently, we analyzed within-individual changes in routine activities and deviance across five waves of data for a national sample of more than 1,700 18- to 26-year-olds. Participation in these routine activities was strongly associated with criminal behavior, heavy alcohol use, use of marijuana and other illicit drugs, and dangerous driving. Furthermore, routine activities accounted for a substantial portion of the association between these deviant behaviors and age, sex, and socioeconomic status.
Journal Article
Evidence that Negative Maternal Transference Is at the Root of Americans' Beliefs in 9/11 Conspiracy Theories
Transference occurs when one generalizes perceptions or feelings that originate from one or more persons, the source, onto one or more other persons or entities, the target–those perceived as similar to, or symbolic of, the source (e.g., Berenson & Andersen, 2006; Langer, 1943/1972). The authors propose a mediational model in which (a) negative attitudes towards parents lead to (b) negative attitudes toward authority figures, in general, which lead to (c) beliefs consistent with 9/11 conspiracy theories. The model was tested with a sample of American college students (n = 86). Multiple regression analyses examining the hypothesized indirect effect of (b) above with bootstrapping (e.g., Mallinckrodt et al., 2006) supported the model–but only concerning students' attitudes towards their mother or mother figure growing up. Variables not associated with 9/11 conspiracy beliefs were: attitudes toward dad, attitudes toward mom and dad, political party affiliation, political liberalism/conservatism, and broken vs. intact families. Negative maternal transference appears to be a viable yet under-recognized explanation for beliefs in conspiracy theories.
Journal Article
