Explore the vast range of titles available.

is widely sought-after in China as a substitute for the more expensive ginseng. Continuous cropping of supports a vibrant health-supplement industry but requires significant inputs of fertilizers which increase production costs and degrade the environment. Here, three environmentally-friendly natural fertilizers, including biochar, bacterial fertilizer, and vermicompost, were used at different concentrations (undiluted, diluted 10 times, diluted 50 times) to determine their efficacy in seed germination and growth physiology of in continuous cropping. The results showed that biochar, bacterial fertilizer, and vermicompost with different concentrations of leachate could all increase the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of seeds treated with inter-root soil leachate of continuous ; increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) in seedlings under the stress of inter-root soil leachate of continuous , reduce the over-accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and increase the resistance of seedlings. After transplanting, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by an average of 16.1%. Peroxidase (POD) levels showed an average increase of 16.4%. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the MDA content, with an average decrease of 50%, and the content of osmotic-regulating substances (free proline content and soluble protein content) exhibited a significant increase. In conclusion, biochar, bacterial manure, and vermicompost have the potential to overcome the challenges of extensive fertilizer use in continuous cropping of .

The adoption of eco-friendly fertilizers is increasingly perceived as a sustainable avenue for improving the quantity and quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. Here, we investigated how intercropping and bio-fertilizer application impacted the productivity and essential oil quality of mung bean and marjoram. Treatments were conducted using mung bean monocropping (MBm) and marjoram monocropping (Om), as well as additive intercropping ratios (100% marjoram + 15% mung bean (O/15MB), 100% marjoram + 30% mung bean (O/30MB), 100% marjoram + 45% mung bean (O/45MB), 100% marjoram + 60% mung bean (O/60MB)), each with/without application of biofertilizers (mycorrhiza fungi and bacteria fertilizer). We found that N, P and K content in marjoram and mung bean was highest in the intercropped O/30MB and O/45MB. The maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) index (1.6) was recorded for the O/15MB treatment following biofertilizer application, indicating that 59% more area in the monocropping treatment would be required to achieve the same yield as for the intercropping treatments. The maximum content of carvacrol, p-cymene and carvacrol methyl ether was obtained for the O/45MB treatment under biofertilizer. These results indicate that intercropping of marjoram/mung bean (especially O/45MB) along with biofertilizer application may pave the way towards more sustainable agronomy for improving essential oil quantity and quality.

The application of organisms as part of soil remediation can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the carbon cycle. To explore the synergistic effects of earthworms and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on C accumulation in artificially improved soils of manure and in slurry-amended soil, a dry slope of land was established on the hillside of a large pig farm. Experiments involving six treatments were performed, including control (CK), pig manure (Pm), and pig manure + slurry (Pm + S) treatments, as well as manure + slurry + earthworms (Te), manure + slurry + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Tb), and manure + slurry + earthworms + bacteria (T(e + b)). Compared with the CK, both the Pm + S and T(e + b) treatments significantly increased the SOC content. In particular, the T(e + b) treatment increased the SOC by 196%. The synergistic effect of T(e + b) on the increase in organic carbon was consistent with the results of soil-carbon sequestration. After comprehensive fertilization, soil-carbon sequestration reached 2.87 Mg C hm−2, while stable organic carbon increased to 1.88 Mg C hm−2. It was also consistent with the result of PCA analysis in which applying earthworms promoted an increase in insoluble organic carbon. Therefore, in the future, earthworms and organic fertilizers can be applied to promote organic carbon sequestration on dry sloping land.

Wheat stands as a prominent cereal crop, holding significant importance in both food and production realms. In the cultivation of winter wheat within soil environments tainted with fluorine compounds, the application of mineral and biological fertilizers becomes imperative. This amalgamation of beneficial bacteria, coupled with growth-stimulating properties, plays a pivotal role in averting the uptake of toxic substances by plants. The article delves into experimental findings that shed light on the efficacy of TERIA-S bacterial fertilizer in diminishing the fluorine content across various components of wheat plants. These components encompass roots, leaves, stems, and grains. The research focuses on wheat cultivated in soil regions afflicted by fluoride contamination within the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. Through systematic experimentation, the study highlights the capacity of TERIA-S bacterial fertilizer to mitigate the presence of fluorine in wheat plants grown within fluoride-laden soil conditions. This outcome bears significant implications for improving the quality and safety of wheat crops in regions plagued by fluorine contamination. By elucidating the potential of microbial interventions in addressing this ecological challenge, the research contributes to the arsenal of strategies aimed at safeguarding agricultural productivity and human health.

Radix pseudostellariae is one of the well-known genuine medicinal herbs in Fujian province, China. However, the continuous cropping obstacles with respect to R. pseudostellariae have seriously affected the sustainable utilization of medicinal resources and the development of related industrial systems. The occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles is a comprehensive effect of multiple deteriorating biological and abiotic factors in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, intensive ecological methods have been the key to abating such obstacles. In this study, four treatments were set up, i.e., fallow (RP-F), fallow + bacterial fertilizer (RP-F-BF), rice-paddy-upland rotation (RP-R), and rice-paddy-upland rotation + bacterial fertilizer (RP-R-BF), during the interval between two plantings of R. pseudostellariae, with a newly planted (NP) treatment as the control. The results show that the yield of R. pseudostellariae under the RP-F treatment decreased by 46.25% compared to the NP treatment. Compared with the RP-F treatment, the yields of the RP-F-BF, RP-R, and RP-R-BF treatments significantly increased by 14.11%, 27.79%, and 62.51%, respectively. The medicinal quality of R. pseudostellariae treated with RP-R-BF was superior to that achieved with the other treatments, with the total saponin and polysaccharide contents increasing by 8.54% and 27.23%, respectively, compared to the RP-F treatment. The ecological intensive treatment of RP-R-BF significantly increased the soil pH, content of organic matter, abundance of beneficial microbial populations, and soil enzyme activity, thus remediating the deteriorating environment of continuous cropping soil. On this basis, the ecological intensive treatment RP-R-BF significantly increased the activity of protective enzymes and the expression levels of genes related to disease and stress resistance in leaves and root tubers. Redundancy and Pearson correlation analyses indicated that rice-paddy-upland rotation improved the soil structure, promoted the growth of eutrophic r-strategy bacterial communities, enhanced compound oxidation and reduction, broke the relationship between the deteriorating environment and harmful biological factors, and eventually weakened the intensity of harmful factors. The subsequent application of bacterial fertilizer improved the beneficial biological and abiotic factors, activated various ecological functions of the soil, enhanced the ecological relationship between various biological and abiotic factors, and reduced the stress intensity of R. pseudostellariae, thereby improving its disease and stress resistance, and ultimately reflecting the recovery of yield and quality. The results indirectly prove that the intensive ecological amelioration of the soil environment was the main factor for the yield recovery of R. pseudostellariae under continuous cropping.

The bacteria-based biofertilizers were widely applied in the tobacco planting. In the present study, the changes of rhizosphere/endophytic bacteria and the chemical components of tobacco k326 was investigated after Bacillus velezensis - based biofertilizer (BOF) application treated on three levels, i.e., 30 kg/mu (B30), 60 kg/mu (B60), 90 kg/mu (B90). The BOF treatments affected the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere, root and leaves of tobacco ( p  < 0.05). Noticeably, BOF treatments significantly increased soil available nutrients (AN, AP, AK), and also improved the content of the tested chemicals of k326 to standard levels. The BOF-induced increasing bacterial genera might explain the changes of soil nutrients and chemical constitutions of tobacco leaves, which were Marmoricola , Sphingomonas , Bacillus , and Pseudomonas , etc., both with relative higher abundance in B60&B90. By correlation analysis, we found the significant links between soil and foliar chemical components and the identified modules from rhizosphere or endophytes, which included most of the BOF-induced highly-abundant genera herein. All these findings concluded that BOF application increased the beneficial microbes, which could improve soil fertility, thereby promoting tobacco growth and nutrient accumulation in balance. Summary, we suggested that BOF application could be a promising way to achieve the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.

In order to understand the effects of bacterial fertilizer on the growth of young oil-tea camellia, the fertilization trial in Matian Camellia Base in Shangyou of Jiangxi Province was conducted. The results showed that the bacterial fertilizer enhanced the growth significantly. The length of shoot and SPAD value of the autumn leaves treated with Azo and Pse rose by 49.0%, 66.4% and 3.50%, 5.56% , which were significantly higher than that of the control. The Pse had certain contribution to the flowers of the camellia. Bacterial fertilizer had little influence on the ground diameter. However, compared with the control, the Azo and Bac could increase the ground diameter increment by 14.62% and 18.41%, respectively. The Azo increased the content of copper and iron remarkably by 118.14% and 40.47%. The Bac and Pse showed no significant difference on the amount of the leaf nutrient elements.

During our experiment we examined the action of Bactofil B10 bacterial fertilizer on two industrial poppy species (Kék Duna, Kék Gemona) concerning the chemical composition volume of them. Field experimentation was started on the experimenting fields of University of West Hungary in Mosonmagyaróvár in 2007. The bacterial fertilizer was spread onto the surface of the ground just before sowing, then it was rotated into to soil with seed-bed tillers. Crudeprotein as well as P-, Ca-, Mg-, Mn- and Fe-contents of the plants treated with Bactofil 10 bacterial fertilizer grew significantly, while K-, Na- and Cu-content decreased compared to the chemical composition volume of the control group.

Application of bioorganic fertilizers has been reported to improve crop yields and change soil bacterial community structure; however, little work has been done in apple orchard soils where the biological properties of the soils are being degraded due to long-term application of chemical fertilizers. In this study, we used Illumina-based sequencing approach to characterize the bacterial community in the 0–60-cm soil profile under different fertilizer regimes in the Loess Plateau. The experiment includes three treatments: (1) control without fertilization (CK); (2) application of chemical fertilizer (CF); and (3) application of bioorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer (BOF). The results showed that the treatment BOF increased the apple yields by 114 and 67 % compared to the CK and CF treatments, respectively. The treatment BOF also increased the soil organic matter (SOM) by 22 and 16 % compared to the CK and CF treatments, respectively. The Illumina-based sequencing showed that Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla and Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant classes in the soil profile. The bacterial richness for ACE was increased after the addition of BOF. Compared to CK and CF treatments, BOF-treated soil revealed higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales while Acidobacteria, Gp7, Gp17, and Sphaerobacter were found in lower abundance throughout the soil profile. Bacterial community structure varied with soil depth under different fertilizer treatments, e.g., the bacterial richness, diversity, and the relative abundance of Verruccomicrobia, Candidatus Brocadiales, and Skermanella were decreased with the soil depth in all three treatments. Permutational multivariate analysis showed that the fertilizer regime was the major factor than soil depth in the variations of the bacterial community composition. Two groups, Lysobacter and Rhodospirillaceae, were found to be the significantly increased by the BOF addition and the genus Lysobacter may identify members of this group effective in biological control-based plant disease management and the members of family Rhodospirillaceae had an important role in fixing molecular nitrogen. These results strengthen the understanding of responses to the BOF and possible interactions within bacterial communities in soil that can be associated with disease suppression and the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen. The increase of apple yields after the application of BOF might be attributed to the fact that the application of BOF increased SOM, and soil total nitrogen, and changed the bacterial community by enriching Rhodospirillaceae, Alphaprotreobateria, and Proteobacteria.

Functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics in 18 different soils reveal that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil antibiotic resistance gene content. The answer does not lie in the soil Antibiotic resistance genes readily move between unrelated bacteria in hospital settings, prompting speculation that the remarkable diversity of resistance genes in soil contributes to an increasing flow of antibiotic resistance from environmental to pathogenic organisms. This study refutes this notion. Kevin Forsberg et al . performed functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics from a series of agricultural and grassland soils and find that soil bacteria rarely possess the sequence signatures of resistance gene exchange between species. It seems that particular organisms, rather than horizontally exchanged DNA elements, are the major disseminators of antibiotic resistance in the soil. Ancient and diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have previously been identified from soil 1 , 2 , 3 , including genes identical to those in human pathogens 4 . Despite the apparent overlap between soil and clinical resistomes 4 , 5 , 6 , factors influencing ARG composition in soil and their movement between genomes and habitats remain largely unknown 3 . General metagenome functions often correlate with the underlying structure of bacterial communities 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 . However, ARGs are proposed to be highly mobile 4 , 5 , 13 , prompting speculation that resistomes may not correlate with phylogenetic signatures or ecological divisions 13 , 14 . To investigate these relationships, we performed functional metagenomic selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics from 18 agricultural and grassland soils. The 2,895 ARGs we discovered were mostly new, and represent all major resistance mechanisms 15 . We demonstrate that distinct soil types harbour distinct resistomes, and that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer strongly influenced soil ARG content. Resistome composition also correlated with microbial phylogenetic and taxonomic structure, both across and within soil types. Consistent with this strong correlation, mobility elements (genes responsible for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria such as transposases and integrases) syntenic with ARGs were rare in soil by comparison with sequenced pathogens, suggesting that ARGs may not transfer between soil bacteria as readily as is observed between human pathogens. Together, our results indicate that bacterial community composition is the primary determinant of soil ARG content, challenging previous hypotheses that horizontal gene transfer effectively decouples resistomes from phylogeny 13 , 14 .