Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this paper, we review gene bank operations that have an influence on the global conservation system, with the intention to identify critical aspects that should be improved for optimum performance. We describe the role of active and base collections and the importance of linking germplasm conservation and use, also in view of new developments in genomics and phenomics that facilitate more effective and efficient conservation and use of plant agrobiodiversity. Strengths, limitations, and opportunities of the existing global ex situ conservation system are discussed, and measures are proposed to achieve a rational, more effective, and efficient global system for germplasm conservation and sustainable use. The proposed measures include filling genetic and geographic gaps in current ex situ collections; determining unique accessions at the global level for long-term conservation in virtual base collections; intensifying existing international collaborations among gene banks and forging collaborations with the botanic gardens community; increasing investment in conservation research and user-oriented supportive research; improved accession-level description of the genetic diversity of crop collections; improvements of the legal and policy framework; and oversight of the proposed network of global base collections.

In 1975, the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources created the first internationally linked system of genebanks, known as the Registry of Base Collections (RBC), to conserve plant germplasm and make it available globally for agricultural research and development. Over time, international efforts shifted away from enhancing and building the RBC toward other means to promote the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources. Perhaps the most important development in this regard was the negotiation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty or ITPGRFA) and the development of its multilateral system for access and benefit sharing (multilateral system). Our study aimed to ascertain whether the RBC materials are still being conserved/curated in the original recipient organizations. We also sought to assess whether those materials have been included in, and are available through, the ITPGRFA’s multilateral system. This outcome would be significant since, in many ways, the multilateral system reflects the spirit, commitment, and objectives of the RBC, with important additional components (e.g. obligations to share monetary benefits derived from the uses of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture). We identify four levels of probability that RBC materials are included in, and available through, the multilateral system. Ultimately, we find that there is a high level of probability that approximately 80% of the RBC materials are currently available through the multilateral system. We further identify a number of possible interventions that could be made to ensure that all RBC materials are conserved and made available through the multilateral system (or on similar terms and conditions of facilitated access and benefit sharing).

An idea is advanced for the composition of seed base collections. Policy planning needs to be rethought as to the inventory of base collections. Curators often concentrate on the storage of unadapted cultivated materials while neglecting select improved cultivars and crop wild relatives. The fact that germ plasm customized to the farmer's immediate needs is present in low numbers in cold chambers suggests that base collection management operates at a relative distance from a market economy intent on food production. This attitude is antithetic to food security and raises the need for expert questioning on proper gene bank management. The view put forwarded here is that three major areas should head the inventory of base collections in genebanks, viz. landraces, improved breeding materials of multiple categories, and crop wild relatives. Base collections must ultimately serve society by becoming repositories for regulating and replenishing agricultural stocks, should stochastic catastrophe strike in the farm. The relentless pace of environmental degradation means that conservation per se is the top priority for crop wild relatives.

BackgroundDue to the evolving nature of the applications of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the rapidly growing body of scientific literature, it is difficult to generate a manual compilation and systematic review of ADSCs in plastic and reconstructive surgery.MethodsBibliographic records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed with CiteSpace.ResultsWe retrieved 691 publications and their references. We identified 52 research categories. Interdisciplinary studies were common. The journals clustered into 13 subnetworks. The top institutions were Stanford University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Tokyo; University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, Davis; New York University; Tulane University; and University of Michigan. National Institutes of Health and National Natural Science Foundation of China provided the most generous financial support. Studies clustered into 22 topics. Emerging trends may include improvement of fat grafting, and application of ADSCs in wound healing, scleroderma, and facial rejuvenation.ConclusionThe present study provides a panoramic view of ADSCs in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Analysis of journals, institutions, and grants could help researchers in different ways. Researchers may consider the emerging trends when deciding the direction of their study.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Herbarium collections constitute permanent and often well-documented records of the distribution of taxa through space and time. Since their creation, their uses have dramatically expanded and with many new uses being proposed, including some for which herbaria were not initially intended for. In this paper we assess the potential of these collections on conservation biology, by providing exemplary studies that use herbarium specimens, grouped into four categories: (1) based on occurrence data, such as studies about plant extinction or introduction, or those focused on modelling their ecological niche; (2) based on the specimens themselves, such as morphological or phenological studies to evaluate the impact of climate change; (3) based in genetic data, such as phylogeographic or taxonomical studies; and (4), other applied studies.

This study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of the IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) research field over the past 20 years to explore its research hotspots and trends. The literature of IgG4-RD published in the Web of Science Core Collection databases was reviewed from January 1, 2003, to April 30, 2022. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using CiteSpace software to evaluate and visualize the evolving dynamics and hotspots in the field of IgG4-RD. A total of 3174 IgG4-RD articles were reviewed. Since 2011, there has been a rapid increase in published literature. Japan is the highest yielding country and Kanazawa University the highest yielding institution. The USA has the highest centrality (0.34) and plays a critical role in cooperation and communication of IgG4-RD research. Nine highly connected clusters of IgG4-RD were observed by keyword analysis. Research hotspots included IgG4-RD involved organs and differentiation from Rosai-Dorfman disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Further research topics include pathogenesis, relapse, and malignancy. As a cross-discipline systemic disease, IgG4-RD requires attention by clinicians in multiple fields. This bibliometric analysis can help researchers grasp trends and provide new perspectives for future research on IgG4-RD.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the global research status, hot topics, and future prospects in the field of the hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) by bibliometric analysis. Methods: The literatures about HIF-PHI were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection and Pubmed database from inceptions to January.10th. 2022. The VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to explore the bibliometric networks and research priorities of HIF-PHI. Results: A total of 409 papers about HIF-PHI were included, involving 1,674 authors from 548 institutions in 43 countries. The number of HIF-PHI literatures showed an upward trend, with steady growth from 2016 to 2020 and rapid growth in 2021. Tadao Akizawa, Masaomi Nangaku and Alexander R Cobitz published the most literatures. The United States, Japan and China contributed the most publications. The three most contributed institutions are Astellas Pharma Inc., the Showa University and Glaxosmithkline. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, American Journal of Nephrology and Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development are the most productive journals. The main hot topics of HIF-PHI field are anemia, chronic kidney disease, hif-phi, epoetin and roxadustat. Conclusion: The United States and Japan are dominant in the field of HIF-PHI research. The discovery and clinical application of HIF-PHI is a great boon for patients with renal anemia. However, due to the short clinical application time of HIF-PHI, and its long-term efficacy and safety still need time to prove. In addition, more cooperation should be carried out between European and American countries and Asian countries to better prove the clinical value of HIF-PHI.

Research of veterinary communication education is a relatively rare but important field, and its importance has been increasingly noticed recently. This study aims to describe the existing veterinary education research literature by adopting the systematic bibliometric approach. We conducted a comprehensive literature exploration on worldwide veterinary education and veterinary communication education publications in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. VOSviewer and EXCEL were used to identify trends and patterns in characteristics of the publications, including author affiliations and countries, and the publishing journals. Based on our search criteria, in the past 22 years, there have been 6006 veterinary education publications with 101 publications in 2000, 684 publications in 2021 (577% increase), and 677 communication-related publications with 9 publications in 2000, 107 publications in 2021 (1189% increase). The VOSviewer results indicate that both the United States and England were the most vigorous countries with close collaboration. Our results show the publication quantity has been increasing at a sharp slope rate over the past twenty years, which indicates the importance and growth of veterinary education and the veterinary communication education research field, and identifies the international collaborations among countries and institutions.

INTRODUCTION: Poor adherence to oral hypoglycaemic medicines is a key contributor to therapy failure and sub-optimal glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes. It is unclear how commonly non-adherence to oral hypoglycaemics occurs in the general population. This information is essential to design and implement local adherence strategies.AIM: This study aimed to determine levels of sub-optimal adherence and identify patient groups who may need additional adherence support.METHODS: The dispensing data of 340,283 patients from one District Health Board was obtained from the Pharmaceutical Collection Database for the period 2008–15. Of these, 12,405 patients received oral hypoglycaemic therapy during the study period. The proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated for patients with complete data and a PDC value of ≥80% was used to indicate sufficient adherence. Patient demographics (gender, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status) and therapy type (mono- or combination) were described.RESULTS: Overall, 54.5% of the patients were found to have a PDC of <80% and so were considered non-adherent. Non-adherence was significantly higher in patients receiving combination oral hypoglycaemic therapy than monotherapy; in male patients; in New Zealand Māori patients; and in patients with higher socioeconomic deprivation.DISCUSSION: In the study region, non-adherence to oral hypoglycaemic medicines was significant and widespread. Identification of such patients is important so that strategies to enhance adherence can be implemented. Prescribers need to be encouraged to optimise monotherapy before the addition of another oral hypoglycaemic, and adherence support services should be offered not only to older patients.