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Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice–ocean systems in Antarctica 1 – 3 . Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level on bedrock that deepens inland 4 , making it susceptible to rapid and irreversible ice loss that could raise the global sea level by more than half a metre 2 , 3 , 5 . The rate and extent of ice loss, and whether it proceeds irreversibly, are set by the ocean conditions and basal melting within the grounding-zone region where Thwaites Glacier first goes afloat 3 , 6 , both of which are largely unknown. Here we show—using observations from a hot-water-drilled access hole—that the grounding zone of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) is characterized by a warm and highly stable water column with temperatures substantially higher than the in situ freezing point. Despite these warm conditions, low current speeds and strong density stratification in the ice–ocean boundary layer actively restrict the vertical mixing of heat towards the ice base 7 , 8 , resulting in strongly suppressed basal melting. Our results demonstrate that the canonical model of ice-shelf basal melting used to generate sea-level projections cannot reproduce observed melt rates beneath this critically important glacier, and that rapid and possibly unstable grounding-line retreat may be associated with relatively modest basal melt rates. Despite observations from a hot-water-drilled access hole showing warm ocean waters beneath Thwaites Glacier Eastern Ice Shelf, the basal melt rate is strongly suppressed due to the low current speeds and strong density stratification.

The aim of the research was the implementation of a university patent (Proxima modular hybrid construction system) from level 2 “Technology concept formulated” to level 6 “Technology demonstrated in relevant environment” of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale, through the development of a working prototype. The collaboration with a network of companies set up specifically for this purpose gave the opportunity to establish and develop a new production chain, transferring updated theoretical and methodological knowledge to operators in the construction sector, with the aim of improving the ability to respond quantitatively and qualitatively to the demand for living and working spaces/services, to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with urbanisation, and to adapt the techno-typological models to the new paradigms of living.

This study examines the usability of spaces beneath overpasses in Shanghai, focusing on three sites along the Suzhou River. Using a mixed-method approach combining comparative case analysis and survey data, the research highlights the transformative potential of these underutilised urban spaces. Findings reveal that central sites with professional design interventions exhibit higher adaptability and public engagement, while peripheral sites face challenges from fragmented development. The study underscores the need for context-sensitive, community-focused strategies to integrate underpass spaces into the urban fabric, enhancing connectivity, social inclusion, and liveability.

Terrestrial production and export of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) to streams depends on water flow and biogeochemical processes in and beneath soils. Yet, understanding of these processes in a rapidly changing climate is limited. Using the watershed‐scale reactive‐transport model BioRT‐HBV and stream data from a snow‐dominated catchment in the Rockies, we show deeper groundwater flow averaged about 20% of annual discharge, rising to ∼35% in drier years. DOC and DIC production and export peaked during snowmelt and wet years, driven more by hydrology than temperature. DOC was primarily produced in shallow soils (1.94 ± 1.45 gC/m2/year), stored via sorption, and flushed out during snowmelt. Some DOC was recharged to and further consumed in the deeper subsurface via respiration (−0.27 ± 0.02 gC/m2/year), therefore reducing concentrations in deeper groundwater and stream DOC concentrations at low discharge. Consequently, DOC was primarily exported from the shallow zone (1.62 ± 0.96 gC/m2/year, compared to 0.12 ± 0.02 gC/m2/year from the deeper zone). DIC was produced in both zones but at higher rates in shallow soils (1.34 ± 1.00 gC/m2/year) than in the deep subsurface (0.36 ± 0.02 gC/m2/year). Deep respiration elevated DIC concentrations in the deep zone and stream DIC concentrations at low discharge. In other words, deep respiration is responsible for the commonly‐observed increasing DOC concentrations (flushing) and decreasing DIC concentrations (dilution) with increasing discharge.  DIC export from the shallow zone was ~66% of annual export but can drop to ∼53% in drier years. Numerical experiments suggest lower carbon production and export in a warmer, drier future, and a higher proportion from deeper flow and respiration processes. These results underscore the often‐overlooked but growing importance of deeper processes in a warming climate. Key Points The timing, duration, and size of snowmelt is more influential than temperature in regulating the production and export of dissolved carbon The shallow soil zone produces and exports most of the dissolved carbon, primarily driven by snowmelt hydrology rather than temperature The deep zone, on average, produces 14 ± 8% and exports 27 ± 8% of dissolved carbon (DOC & DIC) and becomes more important (36 ± 2% of export) in warmer, drier years

Chronic wounds impose a significant financial burden for the healthcare system. Currently, assessment and monitoring of hard-to-heal wounds are often based on visual means and measuring the size of the wound. The primary wound dressings must be removed before assessment can be done. We have developed a quasi-monopolar bioimpedance-measurement-based method and a measurement system to determine the status of wound healing. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that with an appropriate setup, long-term monitoring of wound healing from beneath the primary dressings is feasible. The developed multielectrode sensor array was applied on the wound area and left under the primary dressings for 142 h. The impedance of the wounds and the surrounding intact skin area was measured regularly during the study at 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, and 5 kHz frequencies. At the end of the follow-up period, the wound impedance had reached the impedance of the intact skin at the higher frequencies and increased significantly at the lowest frequencies. The measurement frequency affected the measurement sensitivity in wound monitoring. The skin impedance remained stable over the measurement period. The sensor array also enabled the administration of periodical low-intensity direct current (LIDC) stimulation in order to create an antimicrobial environment across the wound area via the controlled formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Background & Aims Better understanding of belowground interactions in agroforestry systems is crucial for the success of plant co-existence. Beyond root competition, associated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can also be involved in plant to plant interactions. Thus far, the contribution of each agroforestry component (trees, herbaceous vegetation beneath trees -HVbT- and crops) in the establishment and maintenance of AM communities is poorly documented, particularly in temperate areas. This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of both roots and AM fungi in two alley-cropping sites located in southwestern France. Methods Over a one-year period, (i) root length density, production and distribution, (ii) AM activity (root mycorrhization rate and extra-radical hyphal production) and (iii) AM diversity (metabarcoding) were assessed at different distances from tree rows in two agroforestry systems. Results The mycorrhization rate and hyphal production increased at the interface between tree rows and cultivated alleys, showing a positive effect of the presence of a perennial system (tree and HVbT) and of plant diversity. Compared to HVbT, tree roots colonized farther into superficial layers of the cultivated alleys. However, due to higher root densities and well-established AM fungi observed throughout all the year, HVbT appeared to be more relevant in maintaining an active source of AM inoculum for newly developing crop roots in winter. Conclusion The spatial proximity of roots and common AM fungi provides new perspectives in deciphering the significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in crop nutrition and yield in agroforestry systems.

The geometry of the sea floor immediately beyond Antarctica's marine-terminating glaciers is a fundamental control on warm-water routing, but it also describes former topographic pinning points that have been important for ice-shelf buttressing. Unfortunately, this information is often lacking due to the inaccessibility of these areas for survey, leading to modelled or interpolated bathymetries being used as boundary conditions in numerical modelling simulations. At Thwaites Glacier (TG) this critical data gap was addressed in 2019 during the first cruise of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) project. We present more than 2000 km2 of new multibeam echo-sounder (MBES) data acquired in exceptional sea-ice conditions immediately offshore TG, and we update existing bathymetric compilations. The cross-sectional areas of sea-floor troughs are under-predicted by up to 40 % or are not resolved at all where MBES data are missing, suggesting that calculations of trough capacity, and thus oceanic heat flux, may be significantly underestimated. Spatial variations in the morphology of topographic highs, known to be former pinning points for the floating ice shelf of TG, indicate differences in bed composition that are supported by landform evidence. We discuss links to ice dynamics for an overriding ice mass including a potential positive feedback mechanism where erosion of soft erodible highs may lead to ice-shelf ungrounding even with little or no ice thinning. Analyses of bed roughnesses and basal drag contributions show that the sea-floor bathymetry in front of TG is an analogue for extant bed areas. Ice flow over the sea-floor troughs and ridges would have been affected by similarly high basal drag to that acting at the grounding zone today. We conclude that more can certainly be gleaned from these 3D bathymetric datasets regarding the likely spatial variability of bed roughness and bed composition types underneath TG. This work also addresses the requirements of recent numerical ice-sheet and ocean modelling studies that have recognised the need for accurate and high-resolution bathymetry to determine warm-water routing to the grounding zone and, ultimately, for predicting glacier retreat behaviour.

INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by specific bacteria that leads to the progressive destruction of toothsupporting tissue. Treatment often includes non-surgical therapy, but antimicrobials may be needed to target bacteria. However, antimicrobial resistance can occur. Statins, particularly lovastatin, have shown promise in reducing inflammation and promoting bone formation in periodontitis treatment. Methods This study included 62 patients (12 males, 50 females) with chronic localized periodontitis aged 29-41. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one treated with lovastatin gel (experiment group) and the other with a placebo (control group). After baseline measurements, subgingival scaling and gel application were performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0.Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results This longitudinal study evaluated the efficacy of subgingival lovastatin in treating chronic localized moderate periodontitis. The study included 62 patients with no significant baseline differences. Significant improvements were observed in the lovastatin-treated experimental group for sulcus bleeding, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment, and bone fill (93.5% vs. 29% in the control group) Conclusion The study concludes that lovastatin’s local delivery adjunct to scaling and root planning reduces bleeding pocket depth and enhances clinical attachment and bone growth. Long-term, more extensive studies are needed to assess its full benefits. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 02 April’25 Page : 413-422        

Current research on deep mining–induced overburden movement and highway deformation has neglected the amplification effect of fluid seepage‐rock mass deformation coupling interactions on differential settlement, while predominantly focusing on highway alignments parallel or orthogonal to underlying working faces. This study investigates the Hongqinghe Coal Mine in Ordos through FLAC3D numerical simulation and field monitoring, analyzing overburden movement and surface deformation patterns of oblique‐parallel highway alignments under deep mining–induced fluid–solid coupling effects. Key findings reveal the following: (1) coal extraction induces stress redistribution in overburden strata, triggering dynamic pore water pressure evolution and seepage path reorganization. Mining‐induced fracture connectivity establishes hydraulic connections between deep aquifers and goaf, with peak pore water pressure reaching 2.8 MPa followed by rapid dissipation due to enhanced permeability, exacerbating nonlinear surface subsidence. (2) Vertical stresses in overburden strata undergo abrupt adjustments within the 600–800‐m depth range, exhibiting heterogeneous unloading responses that drive highway differential settlement. (3) Spatial relationships between highways and goafs (parallel/oblique) significantly influence deformation characteristics. The parallel alignment shows maximum settlement of 817.91 mm dominated by edge tensile stresses, while oblique sections experience settlement extremum up to 825.64 mm under compound stress fields, primarily exhibiting longitudinal compressive deformation. This research elucidates the response mechanisms governing overburden movement‐seepage evolution‐surface deformation in deep mining conditions, providing theoretical support for mining‐area highway protection and extraction scheme optimization.