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"body area networks"
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A Perspective Review of Security Challenges in Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications
Body area network (BAN) connects sensors and actuators to the human body in order to collect patient’s information and transmitting it to doctors in a confined space with limited users. wireless body area network (WBAN) is derived from wireless sensor networks (WSN) and enables to transfer of the patient's information with a wide range of communication due to the limitations of the wired body area network. It plays a vital role in healthcare monitoring, healthcare systems, medical field, sports field, and multimedia communication. Sensors and actuators lead to high energy consumption due to their tiny size. WBAN facilitates in securely storing patient information and transmitting it to the doctor without data loss at a specific time. This review examines and summarizes methodological approaches in WBAN relating to security, safety, reliability, and the fastest transmission. Flying body area networks (FBAN) utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles for data transmission are recommended to promote rapid and secure communication in WBAN. FBAN improve the security, scalability, and speed in order to transmit patient’s information to the doctor due to high mobility.
Journal Article
Internet of nano-things and wireless body area networks (WBAN)
\"The Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) is a system of nano-connected devices, objects, or organisms that have unique identifiers to transfer data over a computer or cellular network wirelessly to the Cloud. The book covers data routing and energy consumption challenges and proposes nano-sensing platforms in critical Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Body Sensor Networking, Design and Algorithms
A complete guide to the state of the art theoretical and manufacturing developments of body sensor network, design, and algorithms
In Body Sensor Networking, Design, and Algorithms, professionals in the field of Biomedical Engineering and e-health get an in-depth look at advancements, changes, and developments. When it comes to advances in the industry, the text looks at cooperative networks, noninvasive and implantable sensor microelectronics, wireless sensor networks, platforms, and optimization—to name a few.
Each chapter provides essential information needed to understand the current landscape of technology and mechanical developments. It covers subjects including Physiological Sensors, Sleep Stage Classification, Contactless Monitoring, and much more.
Among the many topics covered, the text also includes additions such as:
* Over 120 figures, charts, and tables to assist with the understanding of complex topics
* Design examples and detailed experimental works
* A companion website featuring MATLAB and selected data sets
Additionally, readers will learn about wearable and implantable devices, invasive and noninvasive monitoring, biocompatibility, and the tools and platforms for long-term, low-power deployment of wireless communications. It's an essential resource for understanding the applications and practical implementation of BSN when it comes to elderly care, how to manage patients with chronic illnesses and diseases, and use cases for rehabilitation.
eBook
Body Area Communications
<p>Miniaturization of electronic devices and recent developments in wireless communication technology are leading to the creation of a range of personal information appliances, or biotic sensors, which can be attached to or implanted in human bodies. The wireless networking of such devices is known as the wireless body area network (BAN). BAN can share information effectively and securely, reduce functional redundancies, and allow new conveniences and services. Moreover, it provides new possibilities for high-quality service from hospitals, by linking various biotic sensors to establish a body-area network of personal health information. In <i>Body Area Communications: Channel Modeling, Communication Systems, and EMC</i>, Wang and Wang provide a systematic introduction to body area networks leading readers from an introductory level to in-depth and more advanced topics.  </p> <ul> <li>Provides a concise introduction to this emerging topic based on classroom-tested materials</li> <li>Details the latest IEEE 802.15.6 standard activities</li> <li>Moves from very basic physics, to useful mathematic models, and then to practical considerations</li> <li>Covers not only EM physics and communications, but also biological applications</li> <li>Topics approached include: link budget, bit error rate performance, RAKE and diversity reception; SAR analysis for human safety evaluation; and modeling of electromagnetic interference to implanted cardiac pacemakers</li> <li>Provides Matlab and Fortran programs for download from the Companion Website</li> </ul> <p>This book is ideal for graduate students, engineers and researchers interested in body area networks, or those who would like to apply expertise in signal processing, application development and implementation, IC design, instrumentation, software framework, hardware/software optimization, distributed processing, and communications to BAN applications. Researchers and practicing engineers in biomedical engineering, who are interested in extending techniques to the wireless communications space, will also find this book to be a helpful reference.</p>
eBook
Validation of Wired and Wireless Interconnected Body Sensor Networks
Current medical facilities usually lead to a very high cost especially for developing countries, rural areas and mass casualty incidents. Therefore, advanced electronic health systems are gaining momentum. In this paper, we first compared our novel off the shelf experimental wired Body Sensor Networks (BSN), that is, Digital First Aid (DigiAID) with the existing commercial product called as Hexoskin. We showed the viability of DigiAID through extensive real measurements during daily activities by both male and females. It was found that the major hurdle was wires to be worn by the subjects. Accordingly, we proposed and characterized the wireless DigiAID platform for wireless BSN (WBSN). Understanding the effect of body movements on wireless data transmission in WBSN is also of major importance. Therefore, this paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the impact of body movements, (a) to ensure transmission of data at different radio power levels and (b) its impact on the topology of the WBSN. Based on this we have proposed a dynamic power control algorithm that adapts the transmitting power according to the packet reception in an energy efficient manner. The results show that we have achieved substantial power savings at various nodes attached to the human body.
Journal Article
Design of low power SRAM- based ubiquitous sensor for wireless body area networks
PurposeSmart ubiquitous sensors have been deployed in wireless body area networks to improve digital health-care services. As the requirement for computing power has drastically increased in recent years, the design of low power static RAM-based ubiquitous sensors is highly required for wireless body area networks. However, SRAM cells are increasingly susceptible to soft errors due to short supply voltage. The main purpose of this paper is to design a low power SRAM- based ubiquitous sensor for healthcare applications.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, bias temperature instabilities are identified as significant issues in SRAM design. A level shifter circuit is proposed to get rid of soft errors and bias temperature instability problems.FindingsBias Temperature Instabilities are focused on in recent SRAM design for minimizing degradation. When compared to the existing SRAM design, the proposed FinFET-based SRAM obtains better results in terms of latency, power and static noise margin. Body area networks in biomedical applications demand low power ubiquitous sensors to improve battery life. The proposed low power SRAM-based ubiquitous sensors are found to be suitable for portable health-care devices.Originality/valueIn wireless body area networks, the design of low power SRAM-based ubiquitous sensors are highly essential. This design is power efficient and it overcomes the effect of bias temperature instability.
Journal Article
Reliable traffic prioritization routing protocol for wireless body area network
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are vital for real-time healthcare monitoring. However, existing protocols either overlooked traffic prioritization or rely on approaches that introduces performance drawbacks; multi-hop routing that delay emergency transmission, time-slot allocation that increases latency, priority queue that ignores link quality and raises computational overheads while staving low-priority packets, deadline-based scheduling that triggers retransmissions, or complex data processing that further delay urgent responses. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces the Reliable Traffic Prioritization Scheme (RTPS), a lightweight routing protocol that dynamically prioritizes traffic based on urgency, optimized link selection, and balanced energy usage for long-term monitoring. RTPS employs binary data compression to reduce processing overhead, single-hop transmission for rapid delivery of critical data, and energy-efficient multi-hop routing for normal data using composite link quality metrics. Simulation results demonstrated that RTPS significantly enhanced performance compared to state-of-the-art protocols; Reliable Link Quality, Temperature and Delay Aware Routing (RLTD) and Temperature Aware and Energy-Efficient Routing (TAEERS). Specifically, RTPS reduced queueing delay by 47.47% and 97.9% over RLTD and TAEERS respectively and improved network lifetime by 14.3% over RLTD and more than triple that of TAEERS. It also increased residual energy by 67.35% over RLTD and more than fivefold over TAEERS. Furthermore, RTPS decreased end-to-end delay by 64.76% relative to RLTD, and minimized computational time by 99.95% over TAEERS.
Journal Article
PEDTARA: Priority-Based Energy Efficient, Delay and Temperature Aware Routing Algorithm Using Multi-Objective Genetic Chaotic Spider Monkey Optimization for Critical Data Transmission in WBANs
Software-Defined Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)s have gained significance in emergency healthcare applications for remote patients. Prioritization of healthcare data traffic has a high influence on the congestion and delay in the WBAN routing process. Currently, the energy constraints, packet loss, retransmission delay and increased sensor heat are pivotal research challenges in WBAN. These challenges also degrade the network lifetime and create serious issues for critical health data transmission. In this context, a Priority-based Energy-efficient, Delay and Temperature Aware Routing Algorithm (PEDTARA) is presented in this paper using a hybrid optimization algorithm of Multi-objective Genetic Chaotic Spider Monkey Optimization (MGCSMO). This proposed optimized routing algorithm is designed by incorporating the benefits of chaotic and genetic operators to the position updating function of enhanced Spider Monkey Optimization. For the prioritized routing process, initially, the patient data transmission in the WBAN is categorized into normal, on-demand and emergency data transmissions. Each category is ensured with efficient routing using the three different strategies of the suggested PEDTARA. PEDTARA performs optimal shortest path routing for normal data, energy-efficient emergency routing for high priority critical data and faster but priority verified routing for on-demand data. Thus, the proposed PEDTARA ensures energy-efficient, congestion-controlled and delay and temperature aware routing at any given period of health monitoring. Experiments were performed over a high-performance simulation scenario and the evaluation results showed that the proposed PEDTARA performs efficient routing better than the traditional approaches in terms of energy, temperature, delay, congestion and network lifetime.
Journal Article
Performance Evaluation of an On-Body Wireless Body Network Based on an Ultra-Wideband Physical Layer under a Dynamic Channel Model
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are attracting attention as an important technology for realizing the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In addition, ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the wireless communication technologies suitable for the IoMT and WBANs. Our previous study investigated the feasibility of WBANs utilizing UWB under ideal and static wearable WBAN channel models. The present research applies a dynamic on-body UWB channel model to a WBAN as a more realistic channel model. The feasibility of a high-reliability UWB-WBAN is demonstrated by evaluating the physical layer performance. Numerical results reveal the maximum number of retransmissions needed to achieve the desired transmission failure ratio for each link type and the corresponding energy efficiency and average number of retransmissions. These findings contribute to the realization of a highly reliable IoMT utilizing UWB-WBANs in a practical environment.
Journal Article