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Dormancy cycles in Aquilegia oxysepala Trautv. et Mey
Seed dormancy and the formation of a soil seed bank is important plant regeneration strategies, especially if the environment is unpredictable. The present research explores how environmental factors control seed dormancy release, and how seed dormancy is related to the soil seed bank and regeneration of the perennial Aquilegia oxysepala. The effects of incubation temperature, light, cold and warm stratification, gibberellic acid (GA.sub.3) along with the germination phenology of A. oxysepala in the field were used to determine the type of seed dormancy. Seasonal change of seed dormancy was determined by regularly exhuming buried seeds and incubating them in laboratory conditions. A. oxysepala seeds has underdeveloped (small) embryos along with physiological dormancy at dispersal. With the increased amounts of cold stratification, the germination of A. oxysepala increased gradually. GA.sub.3 served as a substitute for cold stratification. Breaking of physiological dormancy under natural temperatures in the field occurred in winter, while growth of embryos and germination of seeds occurred in early spring. Viable seeds that had not germinated in early spring were induced into secondary dormancy by high soil temperatures. A. oxysepala provides one of a few examples of dormancy cycling in seeds with morphophysiological dormancy. Freshly matured seeds of A. oxysepala seeds have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy. The annual dormancy-non-dormancy cycle maintains the coordination between timing of seedling emergence with favorable seasons, thus increasing the survival chances of seedlings in environments with seasonal changes.
Journal Article
Postnormal conservation : botanic gardens and the reordering of biodiversity governance
Since their inception in the sixteenth century, botanic gardens have been embroiled with matters of governance. In 'Postnormal Conservation', Katja Grötzner Neves reveals that, throughout its long history, the botanical garden institution has been both a product and an enabler of modernity and the Westphalian nation-state. Initially intertwined with projects of colonialism and empire building, contemporary botanic gardens have reinvented themselves as environmental governance actors. They are now at the forefront of emerging forms of networked transnational governance. Building on social studies of science that reveal the politicization of science as the producer of contingent, high-stakes, and uncertain knowledge, and the concomitant politicization of previously taken-for-granted science-policy interfaces, Neves contends that institutions like botanic gardens have discursively deployed postnormal science and posthuman precepts to justify their growing involvement with biodiversity conservation governance within the Anthropocene.
Book
Status and Prospects of Botanical Biopesticides in Europe and Mediterranean Countries
Concerning human and environmental health, safe alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgently needed. Many of the currently used synthetic pesticides are not authorized for application in organic agriculture. In addition, the developed resistances of various pests against classical pesticides necessitate the urgent demand for efficient and safe products with novel modes of action. Botanical pesticides are assumed to be effective against various crop pests, and they are easily biodegradable and available in high quantities and at a reasonable cost. Many of them may act by diverse yet unexplored mechanisms of action. It is therefore surprising that only few plant species have been developed for commercial usage as biopesticides. This article reviews the status of botanical pesticides, especially in Europe and Mediterranean countries, deepening their active principles and mechanisms of action. Moreover, some constraints and challenges in the development of novel biopesticides are highlighted.
Journal Article
Botanical drawing using graphite and coloured pencils
Drawing with graphite and coloured pencils enables the artist to capture every detail of a plant, and to enjoy, study and celebrate their wonderful forms. Whether the illustration is a striking monotone or vibrant with colour, pencils give you absolute precision. This book introduces and explains the drawing skills behind the art.
Book
MORE ON MOHR
German-born Charles Mohr (1824–1901) spent most of his adult life working as a pharmacist in Mobile, Alabama. In addition, he contributed multiple scientific and popular articles on the botany of the Southeastern United States. Suffering from many physical ailments, he sought treatment in thermal baths and cool climates, including Asheville, North Carolina. There he was able to work with botanists at the newly established Biltmore Herbarium. In early 1900, he and his family moved to Asheville, where he completed reading the proof of his magnum opus, Plant Life of Alabama. He died in Asheville 17 July 1901—two weeks before his book was published—and is buried there.
Charles Mohr (1824–1901), nacido en Alemania, pasó la mayor parte de su vida adulta trabajando como farmacéutico en Mobile, Alabama. Además, contribuyó con múltiples artículos científicos y populares sobre la botánica del sureste de los Estados Unidos. Sufriendo de muchas dolencias físicas, buscó tratamiento en baños termales y climas frescos, incluyendo Asheville, Carolina del Norte. Allí pudo trabajar con botánicos en el recién establecido Herbario Biltmore. A principios de 1900, se mudó con su familia a Asheville, donde terminó de leer las pruebas de su obra magna, Plant Life of Alabama. Murió en Asheville el 17 de julio de 1901, dos semanas antes de que su libro fuera publicado, y está enterrado allí.
Journal Article
The New York Botanical Garden
\"In celebration of the Garden's 125th anniversary, this book documents its role as a place of unparalleled beauty in the heart of New York City and an internationally renowned leader in plant research and conservation, as well as science and organic gardening education for children. This revised edition includes more than two hundred stunning new photographs by Larry Lederman, reproductions of rare botanical art from the archival collections, and engaging essays by Garden staff that highlight the expansive growth and development the Garden continues to experience.... Readers will learn how the Garden continues to fulfill its founders' ambitious goals as an iconic museum of plants, stewarding the historic landscape since 1891 and committed to efforts--locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally--to teach humankind about the critical importance of plants for an economically and ecologically sustainable future\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Phytoplankton community structure at the eastern entrance of the Gulf of California during El Nino 2023
This work aims to report the phytoplankton species composition and cell density in the Mazatlan coastal region (eastern entrance of the Gulf of California (GC), Mexico) during the strong El Nino event of 2023. Surface water samples (at 2 m depth) for phytoplankton cell determinations were collected in December of 2023, a month in which the numerical value of the Oceanic Nino Index was 2.0. The results showed a total of 197 species, including 113 diatoms (with a total cell density of 51,444 cells [L.sup.-1]), 76 dinoflagellates (with a total cell density of 31,260 cells [L.sup.-1]), four silicoflagellates (with a total cell density of 420 cells [L.sup.-1]), two cyanobacteria (with a total cell density of 2,020 cells [L.sup.-1]), one Euglenophyta (with a total cell density of 900 cells [L.sup.-1]) and one ciliate (with a total cell density of 7,820 cells [L.sup.-1]). The diatom Dactyliosolen phuketensis (B.G.Sundstrom) G.R. Hasle, 1996 and the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium fusiforme (Kofoid & Swezy, 1921) presented the highest cell densities with 4,100 and 5,900 cells [L.sup.-1], respectively, species that have been previously reported in high abundances in Mexican waters in years of warming events, including El Nino. The results presented here contribute to understanding the effects of strong El Nino events on the phytoplankton community structure of the southeastern GC. This topic still needs to be fully addressed. This study also provides an update on the taxonomic lists available for the region of a group of organisms whose nomenclature has been constantly changing in recent years.
Journal Article
