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This is the story of Rupert T. Gould (1890-1948), the polymath and horologist. A remarkable man, Lt Cmdr Gould made important contributions in an extraordinary range of subject areas throughout his relatively short and dramatically troubled life. From antique clocks to scientific mysteries, from typewriters to the first systematic study of the Loch Ness Monster, Gould studied and published on them all. With the title ‘The Stargazer’, Gould was an early broadcaster on the BBC's Children's Hour when, with his encyclopaedic knowledge, he became known as The Man Who Knew Everything. Not surprisingly, he was also part of that elite group on BBC radio who formed The Brains Trust, giving on-the-spot answers to all manner of wide ranging and difficult questions. With his wide learning and photographic memory, Gould awed a national audience, becoming one of the era's radio celebrities. During the 1920s Gould restored the complex and highly significant marine timekeepers constructed by John Harrison (1693-1776), and wrote the unsurpassed classic, The Marine Chronometer, its History and Development. Today he is virtually unknown, his horological contributions scarcely mentioned in Dava Sobel's bestseller Longitude. The TV version of Longitude, in which Jeremy Irons played Rupert Gould, did at least introduce Rupert's name to a wider public. Gould suffered terrible bouts of depression, resulting in a number of nervous breakdowns. These, coupled with his obsessive and pedantic nature, led to a scandalously-reported separation from his wife and cost him his family, his home, his job, and his closest friends.

This chapter contains sections titled: A Macro View of Global Wealth How Much Do I Really Need to Fund a Family Office? Purpose and Definition of the Family Office Historical Background of the Family Office Three Key Roles of the Family Office Types of Family Office Services Conclusion and Final Thoughts

This chapter contains sections titled: Questions following a presentation On being interviewed The brains trust or panel Summary Further reading

Loneliness is a painful condition associated with increased risk for premature mortality. The formation of new, positive social relationships can alleviate feelings of loneliness, but requires rapid trustworthiness decisions during initial encounters and it is still unclear how loneliness hinders interpersonal trust. Here, a multimodal approach including behavioral, psychophysiological, hormonal, and neuroimaging measurements is used to probe a trust‐based mechanism underlying impaired social interactions in loneliness. Pre‐stratified healthy individuals with high loneliness scores (n = 42 out of a screened sample of 3678 adults) show reduced oxytocinergic and affective responsiveness to a positive conversation, report less interpersonal trust, and prefer larger social distances compared to controls (n = 40). Moreover, lonely individuals are rated as less trustworthy compared to controls and identified by the blinded confederate better than chance. During initial trust decisions, lonely individuals exhibit attenuated limbic and striatal activation and blunted functional connectivity between the anterior insula and occipitoparietal regions, which correlates with the diminished affective responsiveness to the positive social interaction. This neural response pattern is not mediated by loneliness‐associated psychological symptoms. Thus, the results indicate compromised integration of trust‐related information as a shared neurobiological component in loneliness, yielding a reciprocally reinforced trust bias in social dyads. Pre‐stratified healthy lonely participants exhibit reduced interpersonal trust and functional magnetic resonance imaging confirms a compromised neural integration of trust‐related information, which correlates with an attenuated affective responsiveness to a positive conversation. As lonely individuals are concomitantly rated as less trustworthy by others, the present results indicate a reciprocally‐reinforced trust bias underlying dysfunctional social interactions in loneliness.

Trust is central to bonding and cooperation. In many social interactions, individuals need to trust another person exclusively on the basis of their subjective impressions of the other’s trustworthiness. Such impressions can be formed from social information from faces (e.g., facial trustworthiness and attractiveness) and guide trusting behaviors via activations of dopaminergic brain regions. However, the specific dopaminergic effects on impression-based trust are to date elusive. Here, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, we administrated a D2/D3 dopamine agonist (pramipexole) to 28 healthy females who subsequently played a one-shot trust game with partners of varying facial trustworthiness. Our results show that by minimizing facial attractiveness information, we could isolate the specific effects of facial trustworthiness on trust in unknown partners. Despite no modulation of trustworthiness impressions, pramipexole intake significantly impacted trusting behaviors. Notably, these effects of pramipexole on trusting behaviors interacted with participants’ hormonal contraceptive use. In particular, after pramipexole intake, trust significantly decreased in hormonal contraceptive non-users. This study fills an important gap in the experimental literature on trust and its neural dynamics, unearthing the cognitive and neural modulations of trusting behaviors based on trustworthiness impressions of others.

Brain cancers caused by malignant brain tumors are one of the most fatal cancer types with a low survival rate mostly due to the difficulties in early detection. Medical professionals therefore use various invasive and non-invasive methods for detecting and treating brain tumors at the earlier stages thus enabling early treatment. The main non-invasive methods for brain tumor diagnosis and assessment are brain imaging like computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In this paper, the focus is on detection and segmentation of brain tumors from 2D and 3D brain MRIs. For this purpose, a complete automated system with a web application user interface is described which detects and segments brain tumors with more than 90% accuracy and Dice scores. The user can upload brain MRIs or can access brain images from hospital databases to check presence or absence of brain tumor, to check the existence of brain tumor from brain MRI features and to extract the tumor region precisely from the brain MRI using deep neural networks like CNN, U-Net and U-Net++. The web application also provides an option for entering feedbacks on the results of the detection and segmentation to allow healthcare professionals to add more precise information on the results that can be used to train the model for better future predictions and segmentations.

Recently, we demonstrated that the steroid-hormone testosterone reduces interpersonal trust in humans. The neural mechanism which underlies this effect is however unknown. It has been proposed that testosterone increases social vigilance via neuropeptide systems in the amygdala, augmenting communication between the amygdala and the brain stem. However, testosterone also affects connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala, which could subsequently lead to increased vigilance by reduced top-down control over the amygdala. Here, in a placebo-controlled testosterone administration study with 16 young women, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to get more insights into neural mechanisms whereby testosterone acts on trust. Several cortical systems, among others the OFC, are involved in the evaluation of facial trustworthiness. Testosterone administration decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and the OFC during judgments of unfamiliar faces, and also increased amygdala responses specifically to the faces that were rated as untrustworthy. Finally, connectivity between the amygdala and the brain stem was not affected by testosterone administration. Although speculative, a neurobiological explanation for these findings is that in uncertain social situations, testosterone induces sustained decoupling between OFC and amygdala by a prefrontal-dopaminergic mechanism, subsequently resulting in more vigilant responses of the amygdala to signals of untrustworthiness. ► Testosterone reduces amygdala–orbitofrontal cortex coupling in response to faces. ► Testosterone increases amygdala responses towards untrustworthy faces. ► By this mechanism testosterone can decrease interpersonal trust.

Trust is central to human cooperation, yet the cognitive and neural mechanisms through which it emerges remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether shared attention fosters trust behaviour and its neural underpinnings. Pairs of participants engaged in a joint flanker task to manipulate attentional alignment, followed by a multi‐round trust game, whereas neural activity was recorded using dual EEG hyperscanning. Behaviourally, participants in the shared attention condition invested more and responded faster than those in the separated condition, with effects evident from the first round and persisting across repetitions. Neurally, shared attention was associated with increased prefrontal oscillatory power in the theta, alpha, and beta bands, stronger beta‐band functional connectivity between prefrontal and posterior regions, and enhanced inter‐brain theta synchronisation in right frontal areas. Together, these findings demonstrate that shared attention promotes trust through a multi‐level mechanism spanning local oscillatory activity, intra‐brain connectivity, and cross‐brain coupling, establishing shared attention as a minimal yet robust pathway for trust formation beyond deliberative or experience‐based accounts. Key Points Shared attention enhances trust behaviour even in the absence of communication, visual cues, or reciprocity. Dual EEG hyperscanning revealed that trust under shared attention is supported by prefrontal oscillatory power, intra‐brain connectivity, and inter‐brain synchronisation. Shared attention enhances trust behaviour even in the absence of communication, visual cues, or reciprocity. Dual EEG hyperscanning revealed that trust under shared attention is supported by prefrontal oscillatory power, intra‐brain connectivity, and inter‐brain synchronisation.