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In this work, nine new bromophenol derivatives were designed and synthesized. The alkylation reactions of (2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol (7) with substituted benzenes 8–12 produced new diaryl methanes 13–17. Targeted bromophenol derivatives 18–21 were synthesized via the O-Me demethylation of diaryl methanes with BBr3. Moreover, the synthesized bromophenol compounds were tested with some metabolic enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase I (CA I), and II (CA II) isoenzymes. The novel synthesized bromophenol compounds showed Ki values that ranged from 2.53 ± 0.25 to 25.67 ± 4.58 nM against hCA I, from 1.63 ± 0.11 to 15.05 ± 1.07 nM against hCA II, and from 6.54 ± 1.03 to 24.86 ± 5.30 nM against AChE. The studied compounds in this work exhibited effective hCA isoenzyme and AChE enzyme inhibition effects. The results show that they can be used for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, Parkinson’s as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after some imperative pharmacological studies that would reveal their drug potential.

Seaweeds have attracted high interest in recent years due to their chemical and bioactive properties to find new molecules with valuable applications for humankind. Phenolic compounds are the group of metabolites with the most structural variation and the highest content in seaweeds. The most researched seaweed polyphenol class is the phlorotannins, which are specifically synthesized by brown seaweeds, but there are other polyphenolic compounds, such as bromophenols, flavonoids, phenolic terpenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids. The compounds already discovered and characterized demonstrate a full range of bioactivities and potential future applications in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on the extraction, purification, and future applications of seaweed phenolic compounds based on the bioactive properties described in the literature. It also intends to provide a comprehensive insight into the phenolic compounds in seaweed.

Due to their excellent physicochemical properties, the nanoparticles (NPs) have been utilized in various potential applications, including environmental remediation, energy storage, and nanomedicine. In this work, the ultrasonic and manual stirring approaches were used to integrate yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance their photocatalytic and anticancer properties. Pure Y2O3NPs, Y2O3/RGO NCs, and Y2O3/CNTs NCs were characterized using different analytical techniques, such as XRD, SEM, EDX with Elemental Mapping, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, and DLS to investigate their improved structural, surface morphological, chemical bonding, optical, and surface charge properties. XRD data confirmed the successful integration of Y2O3into RGO and CNTs, with minor changes in crystallite sizes. SEM images with EDX analysis revealed that Y2O3NPs were uniformly distributed on RGO and CNTs, reducing aggregation. Chemical bonding and interactions between Y2O3and carbon materials were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. UV and PL results suggest that the optical studies showed a shift in absorption peaks upon integration with RGO and CNTs. This indicates enhanced light absorption and modifications to the band gap between (3.79–4.40 eV) for the obtained samples. In the photocatalytic experiment, the degradation efficiency of bromophenol blue (BPB) dye for Y2O3RGO NCs was up to 87.3%, outperforming pure Y2O3NPs (45.83%) and Y2O3/CNTs NCs (66.78%) after 120 min of UV irradiation. Additionally, the MTT assay demonstrated that Y2O3/RGO NCs exhibited the highest anticancer activity against MG-63 bone cancer cells with an IC50 value of 45.7 µg/mL compared to Y2O3CNTs NCs and pure Y2O3NPs. This work highlights that Y2O3/RGO NCs could be used in significant applications, including environmental remediation and in vivo cancer therapy studies.

Herein, polythiophene-based supercapacitor electrode materials were successfully synthesized by the electropolymerization method. Thymol blue, bromothymol blue, and bromophenol blue were added to the polythiophene polymerization medium as dopants, and the energy storage properties of the thiophene-based electrode material were investigated. Polythiophene/bromothymol blue (PTh/BTB) gave the polythiophene an interesting zigzag morphology, which is unique in the literature (specific surface area of PTh/BTB and PTh: 32.629 m 2  g −1 and 13.812 m 2  g −1 ). The electrode performance of PTh/BTB shows a maximum specific capacitance of 443.5 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 . The symmetrical supercapacitor achieved a maximum energy density of 9.7 Wh kg −1 and a maximum power density of 5000 W kg −1 . The capacitance retention value exhibited a steady state of 79.2% up to 10,000 cycles. Graphical abstract

Simple sensitive and accurate extractive spectrophotometric methods have developed for the estimation of Candesartan cilexetil pharmaceutical dosage form. The methods are based on the formation of coloured complexes by the drug with reagents like congo red, methyl orange and eriochrome black T in acidic medium. The ion associated complexes were formed and quantitatively extracted under the experimental condition in chloroform. The absorbance values were measured at 490nm, 430nm and 500nm respectively. The proposed methods were validated statistically. Recoveries of methods were carried out by standard addition methods. The linearity was found to be 4.0-24.0.0μg/ml, 2 -18μg/ml, 2-14μg/ ml for methods 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The low values of standard deviation and percentage RSD indicate high precision of methods. Hence these methods are useful for routine estimation of Candesartan cilexetil in tablets.

Simple sensitive and accurate extractive spectrophotometric methods have developed for the estimation of Candesartan cilexetil in pharmaceutical dosage form. The methods are based on the formation of coloured complexes by the drug with reagents like bromophenol blue, solochrome dark blue and bromocresol green in acidic medium. The ion associated complexes were formed and quantitatively extracted under the experimental condition in chloroform. The absorbance values were measured at 420 nm, 495 nm and 430 nm respectively. The proposed methods were validated statistically. Recoveries of methods were carried out by standard addition methods. The linearity was found to be 1-10 μg/ml, 1 -12μg/ml, 1-16 μg/ ml for methods 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The low values of standard deviation and percentage RSD indicate high precision of methods. Hence these methods are useful for routine estimation of Candesartan cilexetil in tablets.

The significant characteristics of Mo (1–x) Zr x O 3 nanoparticles (ZMO NPs) make it a potential candidate for assisting excellent electrochemical sensing (Lead and Paracetamol molecules) actions based on the development of modified ZMO NPs. The electrochemical measurements for investigating capacitance and resistance of modified graphite-ZMO NPs electrode under three-electrode system using 0.1 M HCl in the different scan rates of 0.01–0.05 V/s by cyclic-voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis. The different mole ratios of Zr 2+ -doped Mo x O 3 nanoparticles (x = 3, 5, 7 and 9 mol %) were successfully developed by bio-mediated ( Aegle Marmelos leaves ) combustion process. The structural measurements of ensuing nanomaterials were systematically characterized through different advanced technologies. The physico-chemical property supports an excellent photocatalytic performance on Bromophenol Blue (BPB) textile industrial dye under irradiation of UV light. The maximum photocatalytic performance of Zr-MoO 3 (7 mol) nanoparticle was recorded (98.7%) on BPB dye than those of host MoO 3 nanoparticle (88.8%) at 105 min, which is supported by its lower kinetic constants 13.1 × 10 −3  min −1 . Also, the antibacterial activity of synthesized samples were tested against three different bacteria viz; Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Bacillus cereus by disk-diffusion method. This investigation supports new insights into the electrochemical sensing actions of various nanoparticles on various drug molecules and toxic pollutants.

Hybrid oxidation methodologies (HOMs) and active site enrichment of 2D nanocatalyst through defects induction are ubiquitously used for generating adequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in synergistic decontamination of nano hazards. In this study, 2D graphitic carbon nitride (2D-gCN), synthesized through a single-step liquid exfoliation methodology, depicts a tensile strain-induced planar defect intensified structure, as comprehended from microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction, and photo-electrochemical (PEC) studies. Also, the piezo-photocatalytic capability of degrader 2D-gCN is revealed through a rapid removal of several noxious organic pollutants, i.e., methylene blue (MB, 97% in 16 min), bromophenol blue (BB, 88% in 16 min), and ampicillin (AMP, 75%, in 120 min) in a controlled catalytic condition. Rates for MB, BB, and AMP piezo-photo-dismissals are respectively ~ 16.4, 9.4, and 3.4 times higher than sole photocatalysis. The dismissal pathway consists of band bending through photon-aided piezo-cavitation, which leads to maximum ROS production and recombination suppression. Furthermore, LC–MS analysis confirms AMP remediation. In radicals trapping, OH, h+, and O2.− are predominantly accountable for the AMP, BB, and MB dismissal, respectively. The piezo-photocatalytic stability has been assured through the morphological and bond characteristics of reusable 2D-gCN. So, using the HOM approach, 2D-gCN can be projected as a proficient remediator in wastewater treatments.

Dye pollution resulting from the discharge of untreated wastewater has become a major environmental concern. In this study, we propose a green and cost-effective approach for the photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants using a nanocomposite (NC) of manganese oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a green method using a biogenic extract of Pistacia lentiscus leaves. The resulting Mn 3 O 4 NPs were then modified with PVP, a non-ionic polymer, to enhance their stability and catalytic performance. The synthesized Mn 3 O 4 /PVP NC was characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The findings showed that the Mn 3 O 4 NPs and Mn 3 O 4 /PPV NC exhibit spherical morphology with an average size of 37 nm and 45 nm, respectively. The Mn 3 O 4 NPs and Mn 3 O 4 /PVP NC exhibited optical bandgap energies of 1.8 eV and 1 eV, indicating the effective use of these NPs as photocatalysts. The nanocomposite exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in degrading bromophenol blue (BPB) and ortho-toluidine blue (O-TB), achieving degradation rates of 98% and 95% within 75 minutes. In comparison, Mn 3 O 4 NPs showed lower efficiencies with approximately 14% degradation for BPB and 6% for O-TB. Optimal conditions for dye degradation and subsequent cycles were determined, and first-principles calculations revealed insight into the adsorption energy between the dyes and the Mn 3 O 4 /PVP surface. This study highlights the potential of Mn 3 O 4 /PVP nanocomposite as an effective and eco-friendly catalyst for dye pollutant degradation, offering a promising solution for wastewater treatment across industries.

Considering the resistance and toxicity of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, seeking potential candidate for treating breast cancer effectively is a clinical problem that should be solved urgently. Natural products have attracted extensive attention, owing to their multi-target advantages and low toxicity. In the current study, the effects of XK-81, a novel bromophenol compound extracted from Leathesia nana, on breast cancer, and its underlying mechanisms, were explored. Firstly, data from in vitro experiments indicated that 4T-1, one of common mouse breast cancer cell lines, was a XK-81-susceptible cell line, and ferroptosis was the major death manner in response to XK-81 treatment, which was evidenced by increasing intracellular Fe2+ and ROS level with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, as well as decreasing the protein expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4. In vivo, XK-81 suppressed the growth of 4T-1 breast-tumor in both BALB/C mice and zebrafish. Obviously, XK-81 decreased the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in tumor tissues, hinting at the occurrence of ferroptosis. Moreover, XK-81 increased CD8+ T cells and NK cells numbers and regulated M1/M2 macrophage ratio in tumor tissues, indicating XK-81’s immunotherapeutic effect. Additionally, the secretions of immune-related cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12, were elevated with XK-81 stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. Intriguingly, compared with doxorubicin-induced heart damage, XK-81 demonstrated the therapeutic advantage of little cardiotoxicity on the heart. XK-81 demonstrated potential antitumor advantage by both directly inducing ferroptosis-mediated death of tumor cells and immunization.