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The story of Ferdinand
Ferdinand likes to sit quietly and smell the flowers, but one day he gets stung by a bee and his snorting and stomping convince everyone that he is the fiercest of bulls.
Book
Semen quality and frozen semen production in Pasundan bulls: A molecular weight perspective on seminal plasma and spermatozoa protein
Objective: To determine the correlation between the molecular weight (MW) of proteins in seminal plasma and spermatozoa and the quality of fresh and frozen semen production in Pasundan bulls. Materials and methods: Nine selected Pasundan bulls, aged 5–10 years, from the Regional Artificial Insemination Center at Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia, were used in the study, with fresh semen sperm motility ≥70% and <70%. We analyzed the motility, viability, integrity of the intact plasma membrane (IPM), and the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa. 1D-SDS-PAGE analysis was performed to determine the protein profile by assessing MW, depicted as bands on the gel. Results: The motility, viability, and IPM of spermatozoa had lower values (p < 0.05) in Pasundan bulls named Bagaskara and Kertarajasa compared to the other bulls. Proteins with MW 35–50 kDa were not detected in the seminal plasma of Pasundan bulls, exhibiting low quality in fresh semen. The correlation analysis showed that the non-detected proteins with MW 35–50 kDa in seminal plasma correlated with spermatozoa motility (r = 0.421), viability (r = 0.424), and IPM (r = 0.428) so that fresh semen quality was low in both Pasundan bulls. Analysis of semen volume, spermatozoa concentration, and spermatozoa motility showed that the average frozen semen production of Pasundan bulls per ejaculate was 128.73 ± 15.35 straws. Conclusion: Protein analysis based on MW is a predictive indicator for the quality of fresh semen and the production of frozen semen in Pasundan bulls. Evaluation parameters of fresh semen quality by MW analysis can be used to select Pasundan bulls in Indonesia.
Journal Article
Kāṅkēyak kāḷai : Tamil̲akattin̲ perumai = Kangeyak kaalai : thamizhagathin perumai
Articles about on Kāṅkēyam bulls.
Clinical‐Scale Derivation of Natural Killer Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy
This study used a two‐stage culture system to efficiently produce natural killer (NK) cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. This improved method to develop NK cells from human pluripotent stem cells provides a system for clinical‐scale expansion of antitumor lymphocytes and a genetically amenable platform to study human NK cell development. Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off‐the‐shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two‐stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane‐bound interleukin 21‐expressing artificial antigen‐presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
Journal Article
The story of Ferdinand
Ferdinand likes to sit quietly and smell the flowers, but one day he gets stung by a bee and his snorting and stomping convince everyone that he's the fiercest of bulls.
Book
Rumen fermentation, intramuscular fat fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of Holstein bulls fed diets with different energy levels
The dietary energy level can affect ruminal microbiota, and further can affect rumen fermentation and fatty acid (FA) synthesis. In this study, we investigated the correlations between rumen bacteria and rumen fermentation parameters and intramuscular fat (IMF) FA profiles of Holstein bulls fed different energy diets via using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography. The results showed that the improved dietary energy increased propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate concentrations, and decreased acetate concentration and the acetate/propionate ratio. Increased dietary energy improved beef IMF content and had no effects on cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, water holding capacity, or drip loss. Increase dietary energy also decreased C18:0, C18:1
trans
, C22:0, C20:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and saturated fatty acids, and increased C18:1
cis
-9, C18:2n-6
trans
, and monounsaturated fatty acids. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that dietary energy had no impact on alpha diversity or the relative abundance of most of the major phyla and genera in rumen. In all dietary treatment groups, the dominant microbial phyla were
Bacteroidetes
(54.91%) and
Firmicutes
(33.60%), and the major microbial genus was
Prevotella_1
(21.75%). Improved dietary energy decreased the abundances of
Firmicutes
and
Tenericutes
and increased that of
Proteobacteria
at the phylum level, while decreasing those of
RC9_gut_group
, and increased
Prevotellaceae_UCG-004
,
Phocaeicola
,
Acetitomaculum
,
Lachnoclostridium_1
,
Prevotellaceae_UCG-003
, and
Anaerovibrio
at the genus level. Spearman correlation analysis showed high correlations between rumen bacteria and fermentation parameters/IMF FA profiles. Collectively, our data indicated that dietary energy affects the ruminal microbiota, and further affects ruminal fermentation and IMF FA composition.
Journal Article
The story of Ferdinand
Ferdinand likes to sit quietly and smell the flowers, but one day he gets stung by a bee and his snorting and stomping convince everyone that he is the fiercest of bulls.
Book
Activation of cryptic splicing in bovine WDR19 is associated with reduced semen quality and male fertility
Cattle are ideally suited to investigate the genetics of male reproduction, because semen quality and fertility are recorded for all ejaculates of artificial insemination bulls. We analysed 26,090 ejaculates of 794 Brown Swiss bulls to assess ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm head and tail anomalies and insemination success. The heritability of the six semen traits was between 0 and 0.26. Genome-wide association testing on 607,511 SNPs revealed a QTL on bovine chromosome 6 that was associated with sperm motility (P = 2.5 x 10-27), head (P = 2.0 x 10-44) and tail anomalies (P = 7.2 x 10-49) and insemination success (P = 9.9 x 10-13). The QTL harbors a recessive allele that compromises semen quality and male fertility. We replicated the effect of the QTL on fertility (P = 7.1 x 10-32) in an independent cohort of 2481 Brown Swiss bulls. The analysis of whole-genome sequencing data revealed that a synonymous variant (BTA6:58373887C>T, rs474302732) in WDR19 encoding WD repeat-containing protein 19 was in linkage disequilibrium with the fertility-associated haplotype. WD repeat-containing protein 19 is a constituent of the intraflagellar transport complex that is essential for the physiological function of motile cilia and flagella. Bioinformatic and transcription analyses revealed that the BTA6:58373887 T-allele activates a cryptic exonic splice site that eliminates three evolutionarily conserved amino acids from WDR19. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the BTA6:58373887 T-allele decreases protein expression. We make the remarkable observation that, in spite of negative effects on semen quality and bull fertility, the BTA6:58373887 T-allele has a frequency of 24% in the Brown Swiss population. Our findings are the first to uncover a variant that is associated with quantitative variation in semen quality and male fertility in cattle.
Journal Article
Integration and Regression of Implanted Engineered Human Vascular Networks During Deep Wound Healing
This study assessed the functionality and durability of engineered human vasculatures from endothelial progenitors when implanted in a mouse deep burn‐wound model. Human vascular networks, derived from endothelial colony‐forming cells in hyaluronic acid hydrogels, were transplanted into third‐degree burns. Collectively, the findings suggest that human vasculature engineered from endothelial colony‐forming cells can integrate with the host vessels in a deep third‐degree burn model and that hyaluronic acid hydrogels that support the precise formation of human vasculature in vitro can be successfully delivered to the site of injury, where they can survive and integrate with the host vasculature. The ability of vascularized constructs to integrate with tissues may depend on the kinetics and stability of vascular structure development. This study assessed the functionality and durability of engineered human vasculatures from endothelial progenitors when implanted in a mouse deep burn‐wound model. Human vascular networks, derived from endothelial colony‐forming cells in hyaluronic acid hydrogels, were transplanted into third‐degree burns. On day 3 following transplantation, macrophages rapidly degraded the hydrogel during a period of inflammation; through the transitions from inflammation to proliferation (days 5–7), the host's vasculatures infiltrated the construct, connecting with the human vessels within the wound area. The growth of mouse vessels near the wound area supported further integration with the implanted human vasculatures. During this period, the majority of the vessels (∼60%) in the treated wound area were human. Although no increase in the density of human vessels was detected during the proliferative phase, they temporarily increased in size. This growth peaked at day 7, the middle of the proliferation stage, and then decreased by the end of the proliferation stage. As the wound reached the remodeling period during the second week after transplantation, the vasculatures including the transplanted human vessels generally regressed, and few microvessels, wrapped by mouse smooth muscle cells and with a vessel area less than 200 μm2 (including the human ones), remained in the healed wound. Overall, this study offers useful insights for the development of vascularization strategies for wound healing and ischemic conditions, for tissue‐engineered constructs, and for tissue regeneration.
Journal Article